Lion Rock: Middle Pleistocene, China
collected 1958
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Hystricidae
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Hystrix sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Hystrix subcristata
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H. subcristata swinhoe | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Muridae
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Rattus rattus
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Mammalia
- Primates
- Cercopithecidae
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Rhinopithecus tingianus
Matthew and Granger 1923
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Macaca sp.
Lacépède 1799
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Mammalia
- Primates
- Hominidae
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Pongo sp.
Lacépède 1799
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Homo sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Rhinoceros sinensis
Owen 1870
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Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Tapiridae
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Tapirus sp.
Brisson 1762
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"Tapiris sp." | ||||||||||
Megatapirus augustus
Matthew and Granger 1923
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Mammalia
- Suidae
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Sus sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Sus scrofa
Linnaeus 1758
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Mammalia
- Cervidae
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Hydropotes sp.
Swinhoe 1870
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Muntiacus muntjak
Rafinesque 1815
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"Muntiacus muntiak" | ||||||||||
Cervus (Rusa) tricolor
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original and current combination Rusa | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Bovidae
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Bubalus sp.
Hamilton-Smith 1827
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Caprinae indet.
Gray 1821
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Panthera cf. tigris
(Linnaeus 1758)
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Felis sp.
Linnaeus 1758
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Hyaenidae
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Crocuta crocuta
(Erxleben 1777)
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C. crocuta ultima | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Viverridae
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Viverra zibetha
Linnaeus 1758
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V. zibetha expectata | ||||||||||
Paguma larvata
(Smith 1827)
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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Arctonyx collaris
Cuvier 1825
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Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
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Ursus thibetanus
Cuvier 1823
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Ailuropoda melanoleuca
(David 1869)
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A. melanoleuca fovealis/ | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Cuon javanicus
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Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Elephantidae
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Stegodon orientalis
Owen 1870
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synonym of Stegodon insignis | ||||||||||
Palaeoloxodon namadicus
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synonym of Elephas | ||||||||||
"Paleoloxodon namadicus" | ||||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | China | State/province: | Guangdong |
Coordinates: | 24.7° North, 113.6° East (view map) | ||
Paleocoordinates: | 24.7° North, 113.6° East | ||
Basis of coordinate: | stated in text | ||
Altitude: | 84 meters | ||
Geographic resolution: | small collection |
Time
Period: | Quaternary | Epoch: | Pleistocene |
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 | ||
Key time interval: | Middle Pleistocene | ||
Age range of interval: | 0.78100 - 0.12600 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic resolution: | group of beds | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: "The cave contained three strata... filling a complex of fissures and openings. Maba 1 and a diversity of mammalian fossils were found in the second level. These deposits extended as much as 10 m above the first level and were ∼8 m in length, ∼7 m in width, and ∼6 m in total height... The associated faunal remains... indicate a later Middle or Late Pleistocene age for the Maba cranium (9– 11). A uranium series date on associated vertebrate teeth yielded an age of 129,000–135,000 y before present (yBP) (12), but it is not clear whether this determination accurately dates the cranium" because of possible analytical biases; "More recent 230Th/234U dating of capping flowstone samples from Southern Branch Cave, another chamber in Lion Head Mountain, suggests that some of the Maba deposits may be as old as 237,000 yBP" |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | brown unlithified claystone |
Lithology description: "primarily... yellow brown clays" | |
Environment: | cave |
Geology comments: "a karst cave" |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods: | survey of museum collection |
Reason for describing collection: | paleoecologic analysis |
Museum repositories: | IVPP | Collection dates: | 1958 |
Metadata
Also known as: | Lion Hill; Maba | ||
Database number: | 120834 | ||
Authorizer: | J. Alroy | Enterer: | J. Alroy |
Modifier: | J. Alroy | Research group: | vertebrate |
Created: | 2011-11-22 12:21:04 | Last modified: | 2012-03-16 06:38:09 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2011-11-22 12:21:04 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
38591. | X.-J. Wu, L. A. Schepartz, W. Liu and E. Trinkaus. 2011. Antemortem trauma and survival in the late Middle Pleistocene human cranium from Maba, South China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [J. Alroy/J. Alroy] |