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Archosauria (archosaur)
Reptilia -
Taxonomy
Archosauria was named by Cope (1869) ["great order"]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Thies et al. (1997) and Nesbitt (2011) and Ezcurra (2016).
It was reranked as the subclass Archosauria by Haughton and Brink (1954), Parsch (1963), Bakker and Galton (1974), Thulborn (1975), Thurmond and Jones (1981) and Thies et al. (1997); it was reranked as the superorder Archosauria by Kuhn (1966); it was reranked as the infraclass Archosauria by Olson (1966) and Olshevsky (1992); it was reranked as the class Archosauria by Bakker (1986); it was reranked as the unranked clade Archosauria by Gardiner (1982), Gauthier et al. (1989), Parrish (1993), Long and Murry (1995), Senter (2004), Nesbitt (2011), Nesbitt et al. (2014) and Ezcurra (2016).
It was assigned to Diapsida by Olson (1947) and Kuhn (1966); to Amniota by Bakker and Galton (1974); to Thecodontia by Gardiner (1982); to Diapsida by Bakker (1986); to Diapsida by Roxo (1937), Olson (1966) and Olshevsky (1992); to Reptilia by Cope (1870), Lydekker (1888), Haughton and Brink (1954), Parsch (1963), Thulborn (1975), Thurmond and Jones (1981) and Thies et al. (1997); to Archosauromorpha by Benton (1985), Carroll (1988), Benton (1990) and Peng et al. (2001); to Crurotarsi by Nesbitt (2011); to Archosauriformes by Gauthier et al. (1989), Sereno (1991), Parrish (1993), Long and Murry (1995), Senter (2004) and Nesbitt et al. (2014); and to Eucrocopoda by Ezcurra (2016).
It was reranked as the subclass Archosauria by Haughton and Brink (1954), Parsch (1963), Bakker and Galton (1974), Thulborn (1975), Thurmond and Jones (1981) and Thies et al. (1997); it was reranked as the superorder Archosauria by Kuhn (1966); it was reranked as the infraclass Archosauria by Olson (1966) and Olshevsky (1992); it was reranked as the class Archosauria by Bakker (1986); it was reranked as the unranked clade Archosauria by Gardiner (1982), Gauthier et al. (1989), Parrish (1993), Long and Murry (1995), Senter (2004), Nesbitt (2011), Nesbitt et al. (2014) and Ezcurra (2016).
It was assigned to Diapsida by Olson (1947) and Kuhn (1966); to Amniota by Bakker and Galton (1974); to Thecodontia by Gardiner (1982); to Diapsida by Bakker (1986); to Diapsida by Roxo (1937), Olson (1966) and Olshevsky (1992); to Reptilia by Cope (1870), Lydekker (1888), Haughton and Brink (1954), Parsch (1963), Thulborn (1975), Thurmond and Jones (1981) and Thies et al. (1997); to Archosauromorpha by Benton (1985), Carroll (1988), Benton (1990) and Peng et al. (2001); to Crurotarsi by Nesbitt (2011); to Archosauriformes by Gauthier et al. (1989), Sereno (1991), Parrish (1993), Long and Murry (1995), Senter (2004) and Nesbitt et al. (2014); and to Eucrocopoda by Ezcurra (2016).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1869 | Archosauria Cope p. 30 |
1870 | Archosauria Cope p. 28 |
1888 | Archosauria Lydekker p. 1 |
1898 | Picrodon Seeley |
1898 | Picrodon herveyi Seeley |
1926 | Megalosaurus terquemi Huene p. 80 |
1932 | Avipes Huene p. 47 |
1932 | Avipes dillstedtianus Huene p. 47 figs. Pl. 1, fig. 7 |
1937 | Archosauria Roxo p. 44 |
1947 | Archosauria Olson pp. 44, 45 |
1952 | Avipes dillstedtianus Lang and Huene p. 34 |
1954 | Archosauria Haughton and Brink p. 4 |
1956 | Avipes Romer p. 611 |
1959 | Palaeosauriscus Kuhn p. 425 |
1963 | Archosauria Parsch p. 4 |
1964 | Palaeosauriscus Kuhn p. 325 |
1964 | Avipes Tatarinov p. 530 |
1964 | Palaeosauriscus Tatarinov p. 535 |
1965 | Strigosuchus Simmons p. 31 |
1965 | Strigosuchus licinus Simmons p. 31 fig. 8 |
1966 | Archosauria Kuhn p. 69 |
1966 | Archosauria Olson p. 301 |
1966 | Avipes Romer p. 369 |
1966 | Palaeosauriscus Romer p. 370 |
1967 | Gresslyosaurus terquemi Lapparent p. 10 |
1970 | Palaeosauriscus Colbert p. 26 |
1970 | Palaeosauriscus Ellenberger p. 348 |
1970 | Avipes Steel p. 10 |
1970 | Avipes dillstedtianus Steel p. 10 |
1970 | Palaeosauriscus Steel p. 25 |
1970 | Picrodon Steel p. 26 |
1970 | Picrodon herveyi Steel p. 26 |
1970 | Megalosaurus terquemi Steel p. 35 |
1974 | Archosauria Bakker and Galton p. 171 |
1975 | Archosauria Thulborn p. 267 |
1978 | Avipes Anderson and Cruickshank p. 31 |
1981 | Archosauria Thurmond and Jones p. 142 |
1982 | Archosauria Gardiner p. 229 |
1984 | Avipes Welles p. 156 |
1985 | Archosauria Benton p. 154 |
1986 | Archosauria Bakker p. 472 |
1986 | Avipes Battail p. 47 |
1986 | Picrodon Battail p. 48 |
1987 | Agrestipus Weems p. 13 figs. 4, Pl. 1F, 2B, E |
1987 | Agrestipus hottoni Weems p. 13 figs. 4, Pl. 1F, 2B, E |
1988 | Archosauria Carroll |
1988 | Avipes Carroll |
1988 | Strigosuchus Carroll |
1989 | Archosauria Gauthier et al. p. 345 |
1990 | Archosauria Benton p. 15 |
1991 | Archosauria Sereno p. 39 fig. 26 |
1992 | Archosauria Olshevsky |
1993 | Archosauria Parrish p. 290 fig. 1 |
1995 | Archosauria Long and Murry |
1995 | Parrishia Long and Murry p. 164 |
1995 | Parrishia mccreai Long and Murry p. 167 figs. 174-175 |
1997 | Archosauria Thies et al. |
1999 | Avesuchia Benton |
2001 | Archosauria Peng et al. p. 32 |
2004 | Archosauria Senter p. 260 |
2006 | Agrestipus Weishampel pp. 133-134 |
2006 | Agrestipus hottoni Weishampel pp. 133-134 |
2007 | Gresslyosaurus terquemi Gand et al. p. 74 |
2011 | Archosauria Nesbitt p. 193 fig. 51 |
2014 | Archosauria Nesbitt et al. |
2016 | Archosauria Ezcurra |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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E. D. Cope 1870 | Elements of the limbs, of the pes and manus differentiated, in definiitenumber. "Postorbitals and supratemporals " of Owen wanting. Quadratum immoveably united by suture with opisthotic, prootic and quadratojugal. Sacrum of from one to six vertebrae.
Neural arches attached by suture in most. Premaxillary divided. Cranial walls cartilaginous anteriorly. Palatine bones in contact with maxilliaries, and united by suture with them. Circulatory System (known only in the Crocodilia). Heart with complete septum of the ventricles; a communication between aorta roots. Nervous System (known only in the Crocodilia). Cerebellum with small lateral lobes and weak plicae. | |
S. J. Nesbitt 2011 | The least inclusive clade containing Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768, and Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758 (sensu Sereno, 2005). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Peczkis 1995, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Pennsylvanian to the top of the Holocene or 323.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 298.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 298.9 Ma
Collections (14162 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Pennsylvanian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Thenaropus heterodactylus (200134) | |
Artinskian | Poland (Lower Silesia) | Saurichnites leisnerianus (187930) | |
Artinskian - Capitanian | Czech Republic (Hradec Kralove) | Saurichnites lacertoides, Saurichnites kablikae (180863) | |
Buntsandstein | Germany (Bavaria) | Chirotherium vorbachi (205801) Saurichnites auraensis (205802) Saurichnites auraensis, Chirotherium vorbachi (205800) | |
Lopingian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | Thecodontichnus sp., Prochirotherium sp., Prochirotherium permicum (188750) | |
Induan | China (Guizhou) | Chirotherium sp. (60516) | |
Early/Lower Triassic | Niger (Agadez) | Chirotherium sp. (200662) | |
Early/Lower Triassic | Morocco (Marakech-Tensift-El Haouz) | Synaptichnium sp., Protochirotherium sp. (199897 199898 199899 199900) | |
Early/Lower Triassic | United Kingdom (England) | Chirotherium herculis (164932) Coelurosaurichnus sp. A, Coelurosaurichnus sp. B, Coelurosaurichnus ziegelangernensis, Aetosauripus sp. (184045) Synaptichnium sp., Chirotherium storetonense, Chirotherium minus, Chirotherium vorbachi, Isochirotherium lomasi, Rhynchosauroides tumidus, Isochirotherium bipedale, Chirotherium sp., Chirotherium minus (164930) | |
Early/Lower Triassic | Spain (Islas Baleares) | Chirotherium sp. (95349) | |
Induan - Olenekian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Proterosuchia indet. (37040) | |
Induan - Olenekian | United Kingdom (County Down) | Chirotherium sp. (197357) | |
Induan - Smithian | India (West Bengal) | Teratosaurus bengalensis (117188) | |
Triassic | United Kingdom (Cheshire) | Isochirotherium herculis (197337) | |
Smithian | Poland (Swietoryzskie) | Prorotodactylus sp. (175800) | |
Smithian | USA (Utah) | Chirotherium sp. (135440) Grallator sp., Eubrontes sp. (105542) | |
Smithian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Archosauria indet. (195830) | |
Smithian | Germany (Hessen) | Protochirotherium wolfhagense (196721) | |
Smithian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Mesorhinus fraasi (97732) | |
Spathian | USA (Arizona) | Chirotherium moquiensis (95109) Chirotherium rex, Chirotherium diabloensis, Rotodactylus cursorius, Chirotherium minus, Chirotherium coltoni (95107) |