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Terrestrornithes

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Terrestrornithes was named by Livezey and Zusi (2007) [originally a "division"]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Neoaves by Livezey and Zusi (2007).

Subtaxa
Dendrornithes, Telmatorae
Sister taxa
Dendrornithes, Telmatorae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2007Terrestrornithes Livezey and Zusi p. 91

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
—NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
—Terrestrornithes
—Terrestrornithes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Terrestrornithes Livezey and Zusi 2007
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Unr. Anomalogonates Garrod 1874
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Unr. Coccyges Huxley 1867
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Superor. Cuculimorphae Sibley 1988
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Or. Cuculiformes Wagler 1830 [cuckoo]
Or. Opisthocomiformes L'Herminier 1837
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Or. Columbiformes Latham 1790 [dove]
Or. Psittaciformes Wagler 1830 [parrot]
Unr. Incessores Baird 1858
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Superor. Cypselomorphae Huxley 1867
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Or. Apodiformes Peters 1940 [swift]
G. †Protocypselomorphus Mayr 2005
Unr. Picoclamatores Livezey and Zusi 2007
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Superor. Passerimorphae Sibley 1988
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Or. Coraciiformes Forbes 1884
Or. Piciformes Meyer and Wolf 1810
Fm. †Zygodactylidae Brodkorb 1971
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Invalid names: Primoscenidae Harrison and Walker 1977 [synonym]
Unr. Trogones Livezey and Zusi 2007
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Superor. Trogonomorphae Livezey and Zusi 2007
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Or. Coliiformes Murie 1872 [mousebird]
Or. †Sandcoleiformes Houde and Olson 1992
Or. Trogoniformes Wetmore and Miller 1926 [trogon]
Unr. Raptores Baird 1858
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Or. Strigiformes Wagler 1830 [owl]
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G. †Berruornis Mourer-Chauviré 1994
Fm. †Heterostrigidae Kurochkin and Dyke 2011
Fm. †Ogygoptyngidae Rich and Bohaska 1981
G. †Primoptynx Mayr et al. 2020
Fm. †Protostrigidae Wetmore 1933
Fm. †Sophiornithidae Mourer-Chauviré 1987
Fm. Strigidae Vigors 1825 [true owl]
Fm. Tytonidae Ridgway 1914 [barn owl]
Invalid names: Bubonidae Sclater and Salvin 1873 [empty], Palaeoglaucidae Mourer-Chauviré 1987 [empty], Selenornithinae Mourer-Chaviré 1987 [empty]
Invalid names: Cathartides Coues 1884 [empty]
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Superor. Charadriimorphae Huxley 1867
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Or. Gruiformes Bonaparte 1854
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G. †Anisolornis Ameghino 1891
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†Anissolornis excavatus Ameghino 1891
Fm. Aramidae Bonaparte 1854 [limpkin]
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G. †Aramornis Wetmore 1926
G. Aramus Viellot 1816 [limpkin]
G. †Badistornis Wetmore 1940
G. †Gnotornis Wetmore 1942
G. †Asiavis Nessov 1986
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†Asiavis phosphatica Nessov 1986
G. †Bumbanipes Zelenkov 2021
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†Bumbanipes aramoides Zelenkov 2021
G. †Bumbaniralla Zelenkov 2021
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Subor. Cariamae Fürbringer 1888
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Fm. †Ameghinornithidae Mourer-Chauviré 1981
Infraor. Cariamides
G. †Gradiornis Mayr 2007
Fm. †Idiornithidae Brodkorb 1965
G. †Itaboravis Mayr et al. 2011
Fm. †Phorusrhacidae Ameghino 1889 [terror bird]
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Invalid names: Darwinornithidae Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Devincenziidae Kraglievich 1932 [synonym], Mesembriorniidae Kraglievich 1932 [synonym]
Invalid names: Otides Sibley 1988 [empty], Phororhacoidea Patterson 1941 [invalid subgroup], Phororhacosidae Ameghino 1889 [empty]
Subor. Eurypygae
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Infraor. Eurypygides Sibley 1988
Infraor. Rhynochetides Sharpe 1891
Subor. Grues Bonaparte 1854
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Superfm. Gruoidea Stejneger 1885
Fm. †Parvigruidae Mayr 2005
G. †Rupelrallus Fischer 1997
Invalid names: Psophioidea [empty]
Fm. Gruidae Vigors 1825 [crane]
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G. Antigone Reichenbach 1853
Subfm. Balearicinae Brasil 1913
G. Bugeranus Gloger 1842
G. †Geranopsis Lydekker 1891
Subfm. Gruinae
G. Grus Brisson 1760 [crane]
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Invalid names: Baeopteryx Wetmore 1960 [synonym], Megalornis Gray 1841 [synonym]
G. Leucogeranus Bonaparte 1855
G. †Palaeogrus Portis 1884
G. †Pliogrus Lambrecht 1933
G. †Protogrus Lambrecht 1933
Fm. Heliornithidae Gray 1841
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G. Heliopais Sharpe 1893
G. Heliornis Bonnaterre 1791 [sungrebes]
G. Podica Lesson 1831
G. †Horezmavis Nessov and Borkin 1983
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†Horezmavis eocretacea Nessov and Borkin 1983
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G. †Itardiornis Maurer-Chauviré 1995
G. †Messelornis Hesse 1988
G. †Pellornis Bertelli et al. 2011
G. †Walbeckornis Mayr 2007
Fm. Psophiidae Bonaparte 1831
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G. Psophia Linnaeus 1758 [trumpeters]
Fm. Rallidae Vigors 1825 [rail]
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G. Amaurornis Reichenbach 1853
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Invalid names: Poliolimnas Sharpe 1893 [synonym]
G. †Aphanocrex Wetmore 1963
G. Aramides Pucheran 1845
G. Atlantisia Lowe 1923
G. †Australlus Worthy and Boles 2011
G. †Capellirallus Falla 1954
G. Coturnicops Gray 1825
G. Crex Bechstein 1803
G. Cyanolimnas Barbour and Peters 1927
G. Dryolimnas Sharpe 1893
G. †Eocrex Wetmore 1931
G. †Erythromachus Milne-Edwards 1874
G. Fulica Linnaeus 1758
G. †Fulicaletornis Lambrecht 1933
Subfm. †Fulicinae Nitzsch 1820
G. Gallinula Brisson 1760 [moorhen]
G. Gallirallus Lafresnaye 1841
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Invalid names: Hypotaenidia Reichenbach 1853 [synonym], Ocydromus Wagler 1830 [synonym], Tricholimnas Sharpe 1893 [synonym]
G. Hapalocrex Ridgway 1920
Subfm. Himantornithinae Bonaparte 1856
G. †Hovacrex Brodkorb 1965
G. †Ibidopsis Lydekker 1891
G. Laterallus Bonaparte 1854
G. †Latipons Harrison and Walker 1979
G. Lewinia Gray 1855
G. †Ludiortyx Brodkorb 1964
G. †Megagallinula Kurochkin 1968
G. †Microtribonyx Sharpe 1892
G. †Miofulica Lambrecht 1933
G. †Miorallus Lambrecht 1933
G. †Montirallus Mlíkovský 1981
G. †Mundia Bourne et al. 2003
G. Nesoclopeus Peters 1932
G. †Nesolimnas Andrews 1896
G. †Nesotrochis Wetmore 1918 [cave-rail]
G. †Palaeoaramides Lambrecht 1933
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Invalid names: Pararallus Lambrecht 1933 [synonym], Tertiariaporphyrula Kurochkin and Ganea 1972 [synonym]
G. †Palaeorallus Wetmore 1931
G. †Paraortygometra Lambrecht 1933
G. Pardirallus Bonaparte 1856
G. †Parvirallus Harrison and Walker 1979
G. †Pediorallus Harrison and Walker 1977
G. †Pleistorallus Worthy 1997
G. Porphyrio Brisson 1760
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Invalid names: Ionornis Reichebach 1853 [synonym], Notornis Owen 1848 [synonym], Porphyrula Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
G. Porzana Vieillot 1816
G. †Quercyrallus Lambrecht 1933
G. †Rallicrex Lambrecht 1933
G. Rallina Gray 1846
Subfm. Rallinae Vigors 1825
G. Rallus Linnaeus 1758
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Invalid names: Epirallus Miller 1942 [synonym]
Subfm. Sarothrurinae Verheyen 1957
G. Tribonyx Du Bus de Gisignies 1840
G. †Vitirallus Worthy 2004
G. †Wanshuina Hou 1994
G. †Youngornis Yeh 1981
G. Zapornia Leach 1816
Fm. †Salmilidae Mayr 2002
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G. †Salmila Mayr 2000
G. †Morsoravis Bertelli et al. 2010
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†Morsoravis sedilis Bertelli et al. 2010
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Subor. †Ralli
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Fm. †Laornithidae Cracraft 1973
Superfm. Ralloidae Rafinesque 1815
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Fm. †Orthocnemidae Lambrecht 1921
Fm. †Songziidae Hou 1990
Invalid names: Turniciformes Sibley and Ahlquist 1990 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Cenomanian to the top of the Holocene or 99.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.5 Ma

Collections (1043 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Uzbekistan (Navoi) Horezmavis eocretacea (58208)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (North Carolina) Oena plana (190555)
Torrejonian63.8 - 60.9USA (New Mexico) Tsidiiyazhi abini (187009)
Middle Paleocene61.7 - 58.7China (Anhui) Wanshuina lii (132698)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (Colorado) Ogygoptynx wetmorei (14967)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2Belgium Ralloidea indet. (68431)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2Germany (Saxony-Anhalt) Gradiornis walbeckensis, Walbeckornis sp. A, Walbeckornis sp. B, Walbeckornis creber, Berruornis sp., Aves indet. (74643)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2France (Auvergne) Ralloidea indet., Songziidae indet., Messelasturidae indet. (113685)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0France (Champagne-Ardenne) Berruornis orbisantiqui (68428 87925)
Late/Upper Paleocene58.7 - 55.8France (Oise) Ralloidea indet. (166598)
Clarkforkian56.2 - 54.9USA (Wyoming) Eobucco sp. (133237)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Canada (British Columbia) Songziidae indet. (104793)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Australia (Queensland) Passeriformes indet. (59088)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Antarctica Phorusrhacidae indet. (52067)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Denmark Eocypselus vincenti, Mopsitta tanta, Eoglaucidium sp., Chascacocolius oscitans, Pseudastur sp. (84460) Morsoravis sedilis (113069) Pellornis mikkelseni (130483) Septentrogon madseni (67711)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Eotrogon stenorhynchus (227361) Parvicuculus minor (204217) Primapus lacki (13299 178051) Primapus lacki, Microena goodwini (8050) Septencoracias morsensis, Primoscens carolinae (224382)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (Sussex) Primapus lacki, Procuculus minutus, Primoscens minutus (13298)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium (West Flanders) Messelornithidae indet., Apodiformes indet., Halcyornithidae indet., Septencoracias sp. (68430)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom Tynskya waltonensis, Coracii indet., Septencoracias morsensis, Septencoracias simillimus, Laputa robusta, Primobucco sp., Pristineanis minor, Pristineanis major, Eocolius walkeri (85229)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Algeria (Bechar region) Lavocatavis africana (77015)