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Ficus

Gastropoda - Ficidae

Species
Ficopsis (Fulguroficus), Ficopsis cooperii, Ficopsis furlongi, Ficopsis hornii, Ficopsis meganosensis, Ficopsis moharrami, Ficopsis otaria, Ficopsis remondii (syn. Ficopsis angulatus), Ficopsis tuberculata, Ficopsis viejoensis, F. (Ficus), F. (Trophosycon), F. affinis, F. aligera, F. allenmanae, F. angustata, F. bernardi, F. carbasea (syn. Pyrula trinitaria), F. carolina, F. carriacouensis, F. chinguensis, F. chiraensis, F. colombiana, F. communis, F. concinnus (syn. Pyrula simplex, Pyrula imbricata), F. condita, F. conditus, F. decussata, F. distans, F. gayana, F. gesteri, F. gibsonsmithi, F. greenwoodi, F. harrisi, F. huzayeni, F. kachhensis, F. knowltoni, F. lanceolata, F. lanzi, F. lindae, F. lisselonga, F. lisselongata, F. lucidus, F. macrophylla, F. mamillata, F. maxima, F. membranacea, F. merita, F. microphylla, F. mississippiensis, F. modesta (syn. F. pyriformis, F. restorationensis), F. montana, F. multiformis, F. multinervis, F. myricoides, F. nervosa, F. nexilis, F. ovalis, F. pamotanensis, F. papyratia, F. paraensis, F. pilsbryi, F. posadasensis, F. remondii, F. rodeoensis, F. sinuosa, F. spectabilis, F. tricarinatus, F. variegata, F. woodringi, Fusoficula angelinensis, Fusoficula juvenis, Gonysycon epomis, Pirula (Protopirula), Pirula ficus, Pirula menengtengana, Pirula promensis, Pyrula cancellata, Pyrula clathrata, Pyrula cochlidium, Pyrula dussumieri, Pyrula elegans, Pyrula ficoides, Pyrula jamesi, Pyrula laevigata, Pyrula micronematica, Pyrula microtricha, Pyrula nexilis, Pyrula penita, Pyrula peruviana, Pyrula pondicherriensis, Pyrula reticulata, Pyrula subcarinata

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1798Ficus Röding p. 140
1799Pyrula Lamarck
1823Pirula Brongniart p. 75
1840Ficula Swainson
1866Ficopsis Conrad
1867Sycotypus Gill
1890Pyrula (Ficula) Hörnes and Auinger p. 245
1890Fusoficula Sacco
1904Pyrula Martin p. 226
1921Pirula Vredenburg p. 290
1923Ficopsis Palmer p. 295
1931Ficus Olsson p. 97
1938Ficopsis Turner p. 92
1939Ficus Mukerjee p. 52
1939Melongena (Pyrula) Stchepinsky p. 38
1944Ficus Durham p. 166
1947Busycon (Sycotypus) Gardner p. 457
1947Ficus Gardner p. 539
1947Ficus Harris and Palmer p. 231
1947Fusoficula Harris and Palmer p. 327
1948Ficus Gardner p. 217
1948Busycon (Sycotypus) Gardner p. 241
1959Ficus Woodring p. 210
1959Gonysycon Woodring p. 213
1960Ficus MacNeil p. 61
1967Ficus Abbass p. 86
1967Ficopsis Abbass p. 87
1970Ficus Addicott p. 73
1973Ficus Marasti p. 92
1977Ficus Ladd p. 37
1980Ficus (Diconoficus) Covacevich and Frassinnetti
1980Ficus Hickman p. 49
1982Ficus Ladd p. 41
1983Ficus (Diconoficus) Covacevich and Frassinnetti
1984Ficopsis Squires p. 29
1987Ficus Perrilliat p. 16
1987Ficopsis Squires p. 40
1988Ficus Petuch p. 158
1988Ficopsis Squires p. 14
1995Ficus Chiesa et al. p. 54
1995Ficus (Ficopsis) Le Renard and Pacaud p. 113
1997Ficus DeVries p. 12
1999Ficus Frassinetti and Covacevich p. 48
2001Ficus Harzhauser and Mandic p. 706
2001Ficus Todd
2001Ficus Wienrich p. 439
2002Ficopsis Harzhauser p. 90
2002Ficus Harzhauser p. 90
2002Ficopsis Sepkoski
2002Ficus Sepkoski
2002Fusoficula Sepkoski
2002Gonysycon Sepkoski
2002Sycotypus Sepkoski
2004Ficus Harzhauser p. 135
2008Fusoficula Hendy et al.
2010Ficus Landau and Marques da Silva p. 60
2014Ficus Squires p. 10

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
RankNameAuthor
subclassCaenogastropoda(Cox 1959)
Sorbeoconcha(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
Hypsogastropoda(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorderLatrogastropodaRiedel 2000
superfamilyFicoideaMeek 1864
familyFicidaeMeek 1864
genusFicusRöding 1798

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Ficus Röding 1798
show all | hide all
Subg. Ficus (Ficus) Röding 1798
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Subg. †Ficus (Trophosycon) Cooper 1894
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Invalid names: Ficus nodiferus Gabb 1869 [synonym]
Trophosycon clallamense Weaver 1912
Ficus affinis Van Winkle 1919
Ficus aligera Lesquereux 1892
Ficus allenmanae DeVries 1997
Ficus angustata Miquel 1848
Ficus bernardi Beu 2010
Ficus carbasea Guppy 1866
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Invalid names: Pyrula trinitaria Maury 1925 [synonym]
Ficus carolina d'Orbigny 1847
Ficus carriacouensis Trechmann 1935
Ficus chinguensis Clark and Durham 1946
Ficus chiraensis Olsson 1931
Ficus colombiana Anderson 1929
Ficus communis Röding 1798
Ficus concinnus Beyrich 1854
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Invalid names: Pyrula imbricata Sandberger 1860 [synonym], Pyrula simplex Beyrich 1854 [synonym]
Ficus condita Brongniart 1823
Ficus conditus Brongniart 1823
Ficus decussata Wood 1828
Ficus distans Sowerby 1846
Ficus gayana Covacevich and Frassinnetti 1980
Ficus gesteri Wagner and Schilling 1923
Ficus gibsonsmithi Beu 2010
Ficus greenwoodi Sowerby 1825
Ficus harrisi Martin 1904
Ficus huzayeni Abbass 1967
Ficus kachhensis Vredenburg 1925
Ficus knowltoni Campbell 1961
Ficus lanceolata Buch 1814
Ficus lanzi Olsson 1964
Ficus lindae Petuch 1988
Ficus lisselonga Beu 2010
Ficus lisselongata Beu 2010
Ficus lucidus Chandler 1962
Ficus macrophylla Kunth and Bouché 1846
Ficus mamillata Gabb 1864
Ficus maxima Miller 1768
Ficus membranacea Wright 1873
Ficus merita Harris and Palmer 1947
Ficus microphylla Salzmann 1853
Ficus mississippiensis Conrad 1848
Ficus modesta Conrad 1848
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Invalid names: Ficus pyriformis Gabb 1869 [synonym], Ficus restorationensis Winkle 1918 [synonym]
Ficus montana Burmeister 1768
Ficus multiformis Wrigley 1929
Ficus multinervis Heer 1856
Ficus myricoides Hollick 1895
Ficus nervosa Heyne 1821
Ficus nexilis Solander and Brander 1766
Ficus ovalis Miquel 1867
Ficus pamotanensis Martin 1899
Ficus pamotanensis kachhensis Vredenburg 1925
Ficus papyratia Say 1822
Ficus paraensis White 1887
Ficus pilsbryi Smith 1907
Ficus posadasensis Chiesa et al. 1995
Ficus remondii Gabb 1864
Ficus rodeoensis English 1914
Ficus sinuosa Miquel 1848
Ficus spectabilis Kunth and Bouché 1847
Ficus tricarinatus Lamarck 1803
Ficus variegata Röding 1798
Ficus woodringi Olsson 1931
Pirula condita singuensis Vredenburg 1921
Invalid names: Diconoficus Covacevich and Frassinnetti 1983 [synonym], Ficopsis Conrad 1866 [synonym], Ficula Swainson 1840 [synonym], Fusoficula Sacco 1890 [synonym], Gonysycon Woodring 1959 [synonym], Pyrula Lamarck 1799 [synonym], Sycotypus Gill 1867 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
R. L. Squires 2014Shell size up to height 160 mm, fusiform topyriform, spire very low (barely perceptible) to moderately low(approximately 25 percent of shell height), spire angle 68°-140°, whorls rounded (except for geologically earliest forms having no carinae or up to three carinae without nodes),reticulate ornament prominent, interspaces variable in width and in number of spiral riblets, growth line opisthocline(commonly very slightly), with parasigmoidal flexure presentnear suture.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: carnivoref
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2009-09-10 07:59:24
Modified: 2009-09-10 09:59:24
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Famennian to the top of the Holocene or 372.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 358.9 Ma

Collections (728 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Famennian372.2 - 358.9Germany Pyrula microtricha (156553)
Puercan - Torrejonian66.0 - 61.7USA (New Mexico) F. affinis (52936 52940)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Colombia (Guajira) Fulguroficus hoffstetteri (99141)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (Texas) Ficopsis sp. (205466)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Greenland F. sp., Fulguroficus sp. (22943)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Belgium Ficopsis bicarinata (22931)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Poland Ficopsis intermedia (27625)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (Colorado) F. affinis (39895 39899 43414 43415 43416 52822 52930 52948 52950 53075 53077 53079 53088)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (Wyoming) F. affinis (57993)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Germany Pirula sp. (3111)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (California) Ficopsis remondii (190773) Ficopsis sp. (190772)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (New Mexico) F. affinis (43161 43249)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0USA (Montana) F. affinis (40745)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2USA (California) Ficopsis sp. (184016)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2Greenland F. sp., Fulguroficus sp. (22944 22945)
Selandian61.6 - 59.2Colombia Fulguroficus hoffstetteri (180400)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Poland F. tricostatus (27020)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0Bulgaria (Varna) F. bicarinata (102400)
Thanetian59.2 - 56.0USA (California) Ficopsis sp. (52595 52596)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (Virginia) F. affinis (91121)