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Saurischia (saurischian)
Taxonomy
Saurischia was named by Seeley (1888). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Nesbitt (2011).
It was synonymized subjectively with Praepubici by Jaekel (1910) and Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the suborder Saurischia by Parks (1935) and Gorscak et al. (2014); it was reranked as the subclass Saurischia by Bakker and Galton (1974); it was reranked as the unranked clade Saurischia by Swinton (1934), Gauthier and Padian (1985), Gauthier (1986), Brinkman and Sues (1987), Gauthier et al. (1989), Novas (1989), Rowe (1989), Benton (1990), Novas (1992), Novas (1992), Novas (1993), Sereno et al. (1993), Novas (1996), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Maisch and Matzke (2003), Langer (2004), Irmis (2005), Langer and Benton (2006), Ezcurra (2006), Martínez and Alcober (2009), Nesbitt (2011), Bittencourt and Langer (2011), Cabreira et al. (2011), Novas et al. (2011), Taylor et al. (2011), Lacovara et al. (2014), You et al. (2014), Lü and Brusatte (2015), Sereno (2017), Longrich et al. (2017), Apaldetti et al. (2018), Martz and Small (2019), Pacheco et al. (2019), Zahner and Brinkmann (2019), Lamanna et al. (2020), Poust et al. (2020), Motta et al. (2020), Baiano et al. (2020), Chure and Loewen (2020), Lim et al. (2023) and Agnolin et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Archosauromorpha by Huene (1948); to Archosauromorpha by Huene (1954); to Dinosauria by Bakker and Galton (1974); to Reptilia by Seeley (1888), Lull (1924), Parks (1928), Kuhn (1946), Estes (1964), Ellenberger (1972), del Corro (1975), Madsen and Miller (1979) and Benton (1979); to Archosauria by Haughton and Brink (1954), Parsch (1963), Kuhn (1964), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Haubold (1971), Haubold (1974), Thulborn (1975) and Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Archosauria by Roxo (1937), Romer (1956), Ostrom (1980) and Carroll (1988); to Eudinosauria by Novas (1992) and Novas (1992); to Archosauria by Kuhn (1966) and Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004); to Dinosauria by Nopcsa (1923), Nopcsa (1928), Hay (1930), Tatarinov (1964) and Gao and Liu (2005); to Dinosauria by Seeley (1888), Cope (1889), Cope (1891), Cope (1898), Huene (1909), Lull (1915), Swinton (1934), Parks (1935), Cooper (1981), Zhao (1983), Long and Murry (1995), Peng et al. (2001), You et al. (2014) and Gorscak et al. (2014); and to Dinosauria by Gauthier and Padian (1985), Gauthier (1986), Brinkman and Sues (1987), Gauthier et al. (1989), Novas (1989), Rowe (1989), Benton (1990), Novas (1993), Sereno et al. (1993), Novas (1996), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Maisch and Matzke (2003), Langer (2004), Irmis (2005), Langer and Benton (2006), Ezcurra (2006), Martínez and Alcober (2009), Nesbitt (2011), Bittencourt and Langer (2011), Cabreira et al. (2011), Novas et al. (2011), Taylor et al. (2011), Lacovara et al. (2014), Lü and Brusatte (2015), Sereno (2017), Longrich et al. (2017), Apaldetti et al. (2018), Martz and Small (2019), Pacheco et al. (2019), Zahner and Brinkmann (2019), Lamanna et al. (2020), Poust et al. (2020), Motta et al. (2020), Baiano et al. (2020), Chure and Loewen (2020), Lim et al. (2023) and Agnolin et al. (2023).
It was synonymized subjectively with Praepubici by Jaekel (1910) and Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the suborder Saurischia by Parks (1935) and Gorscak et al. (2014); it was reranked as the subclass Saurischia by Bakker and Galton (1974); it was reranked as the unranked clade Saurischia by Swinton (1934), Gauthier and Padian (1985), Gauthier (1986), Brinkman and Sues (1987), Gauthier et al. (1989), Novas (1989), Rowe (1989), Benton (1990), Novas (1992), Novas (1992), Novas (1993), Sereno et al. (1993), Novas (1996), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Maisch and Matzke (2003), Langer (2004), Irmis (2005), Langer and Benton (2006), Ezcurra (2006), Martínez and Alcober (2009), Nesbitt (2011), Bittencourt and Langer (2011), Cabreira et al. (2011), Novas et al. (2011), Taylor et al. (2011), Lacovara et al. (2014), You et al. (2014), Lü and Brusatte (2015), Sereno (2017), Longrich et al. (2017), Apaldetti et al. (2018), Martz and Small (2019), Pacheco et al. (2019), Zahner and Brinkmann (2019), Lamanna et al. (2020), Poust et al. (2020), Motta et al. (2020), Baiano et al. (2020), Chure and Loewen (2020), Lim et al. (2023) and Agnolin et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Archosauromorpha by Huene (1948); to Archosauromorpha by Huene (1954); to Dinosauria by Bakker and Galton (1974); to Reptilia by Seeley (1888), Lull (1924), Parks (1928), Kuhn (1946), Estes (1964), Ellenberger (1972), del Corro (1975), Madsen and Miller (1979) and Benton (1979); to Archosauria by Haughton and Brink (1954), Parsch (1963), Kuhn (1964), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Haubold (1971), Haubold (1974), Thulborn (1975) and Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Archosauria by Roxo (1937), Romer (1956), Ostrom (1980) and Carroll (1988); to Eudinosauria by Novas (1992) and Novas (1992); to Archosauria by Kuhn (1966) and Martinelli and Forasiepi (2004); to Dinosauria by Nopcsa (1923), Nopcsa (1928), Hay (1930), Tatarinov (1964) and Gao and Liu (2005); to Dinosauria by Seeley (1888), Cope (1889), Cope (1891), Cope (1898), Huene (1909), Lull (1915), Swinton (1934), Parks (1935), Cooper (1981), Zhao (1983), Long and Murry (1995), Peng et al. (2001), You et al. (2014) and Gorscak et al. (2014); and to Dinosauria by Gauthier and Padian (1985), Gauthier (1986), Brinkman and Sues (1987), Gauthier et al. (1989), Novas (1989), Rowe (1989), Benton (1990), Novas (1993), Sereno et al. (1993), Novas (1996), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Maisch and Matzke (2003), Langer (2004), Irmis (2005), Langer and Benton (2006), Ezcurra (2006), Martínez and Alcober (2009), Nesbitt (2011), Bittencourt and Langer (2011), Cabreira et al. (2011), Novas et al. (2011), Taylor et al. (2011), Lacovara et al. (2014), Lü and Brusatte (2015), Sereno (2017), Longrich et al. (2017), Apaldetti et al. (2018), Martz and Small (2019), Pacheco et al. (2019), Zahner and Brinkmann (2019), Lamanna et al. (2020), Poust et al. (2020), Motta et al. (2020), Baiano et al. (2020), Chure and Loewen (2020), Lim et al. (2023) and Agnolin et al. (2023).
Subtaxa
Alwalkeria (syn. Walkeria), Anatopus, Anticheiropus, Argoides (syn. Argozoum), Aristosuchia, Avalonianus, Coelurosaurichnus, Deuterotetrapous, Eusaurischia, Nhandumirim, Pachypodosauria, Pachypodosauroidea, Palaeopoda, Parachirotherium (syn. Dinosaurichnium), Platypterna (syn. Harpedactylus, Calopus), Plesiornis, Saurichnium, Saurischichnus, Sauropoda (syn. Opisthocoelia, Allophagi, Cetiosauria), Streptospondylus recentior, Thecospondylus, Trihamus, Trimabus
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1845 | Pachypodes Meyer p. 281 |
1851 | Streptospondylus recentior Owen |
1882 | Thecospondylus Seeley |
1882 | Thecospondylus horneri Seeley p. 457 |
1888 | Thecospondylus Lydekker pp. 152-153 |
1888 | Thecospondylus horneri Lydekker p. 153 |
1888 | Saurischia Seeley |
1888 | Thecospondylus horneri Seeley p. 79 |
1889 | Saurischia Cope p. 16 |
1890 | Thecospondylus horneri Woodward and Sherborn p. 292 |
1890 | Thecospondylus Zittel p. 732 |
1891 | Saurischia Cope p. 43 |
1898 | Saurischia Cope p. 68 |
1900 | Thecospondylus Van Den Broeck p. 83 |
1900 | Thecospondylus horneri Van Den Broeck p. 83 |
1901 | Coelurus horneri Nopcsa p. 202 |
1909 | Saurischia Huene p. 13 |
1909 | Thecospondylus Huene p. 13 |
1911 | Thecospondylus von Zittel p. 280 |
1914 | Thecospondylus Huene p. 34 |
1915 | Saurischia Lull p. 117 |
1920 | Thecospondylus Huene p. 162 |
1923 | Saurischia Nopcsa p. 125 |
1924 | Saurischia Lull p. 228 |
1926 | Thecocoelurus horneri Huene p. 85 |
1926 | Thecospondylus Huene p. 85 |
1928 | Saurischia Nopcsa p. 182 |
1928 | Thecospondylus Nopcsa p. 183 |
1928 | Saurischia Parks p. 3 |
1930 | Saurischia Hay p. 167 |
1934 | Saurischia Swinton p. 30 |
1935 | Saurischia Parks p. 183 |
1937 | Saurischia Roxo p. 44 |
1939 | Thecospondylus Kuhn p. 113 |
1939 | Thecospondylus horneri Kuhn p. 113 |
1946 | Saurischia Kuhn p. 65 |
1948 | Saurischia Huene p. 88 |
1954 | Saurischia Haughton and Brink p. 4 |
1954 | Saurischia Huene p. 44 |
1956 | Saurischia Romer p. 607 |
1956 | Thecospondylus Romer p. 612 |
1963 | Saurischia Parsch p. 4 |
1964 | Saurischia Estes p. 142 |
1964 | Saurischia Kuhn p. 312 |
1964 | Saurischia Tatarinov p. 529 |
1964 | Thecospondylus Tatarinov p. 533 |
1966 | Saurischia Kuhn p. 88 |
1966 | Saurischia Romer p. 369 |
1966 | Thecospondylus Romer p. 369 |
1967 | Saurischia Charig p. 712 |
1970 | Thecospondylus Steel p. 17 |
1970 | Thecospondylus horneri Steel p. 17 |
1971 | Saurischia Haubold p. 63 |
1972 | Saurischia Ellenberger p. 152 |
1974 | Saurischia Bakker and Galton p. 171 |
1974 | Saurischia Haubold p. 41 |
1975 | Saurischia Thulborn p. 267 |
1975 | Saurischia del Corro p. 231 |
1979 | Saurischia Benton p. 142 |
1979 | Saurischia Madsen and Miller p. 5 |
1980 | Saurischia Ostrom p. 21 |
1981 | Saurischia Cooper p. 694 |
1981 | Saurischia Thurmond and Jones p. 143 |
1983 | Saurischia Zhao p. 295 |
1985 | Saurischia Gauthier and Padian pp. 189-190 fig. 1 |
1986 | Saurischia Gauthier p. 14 |
1987 | Saurischia Brinkman and Sues p. 502 fig. 7 |
1988 | Saurischia Carroll |
1989 | Saurischia Gauthier et al. p. 346 |
1989 | Saurischia Novas p. 686 fig. 2 |
1989 | Saurischia Rowe |
1990 | Saurischia Benton p. 19 |
1992 | Saurischia Novas pp. 59-60 fig. 6 |
1993 | Saurischia Novas p. 110 |
1993 | Saurischia Sereno et al. p. 65 fig. 2 |
1995 | Saurischia Long and Murry p. 171 |
1996 | Saurischia Novas p. 737 fig. 10 |
1997 | Saurischia Sereno p. 444 |
1998 | Saurischia Sereno p. 63 |
1999 | Saurischia Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2 |
2001 | Saurischia Peng et al. p. 36 |
2003 | Saurischia Maisch and Matzke p. 282 |
2004 | Saurischia Langer p. 27 |
2004 | Saurischia Martinelli and Forasiepi p. 260 |
2005 | Saurischia Gao and Liu p. 313 |
2005 | Saurischia Irmis p. 81 |
2006 | Saurischia Ezcurra p. 657 fig. 3 |
2006 | Saurischia Langer and Benton pp. 345-347 fig. 15 |
2009 | Saurischia Martínez and Alcober p. 11 fig. 10 |
2011 | Saurischia Bittencourt and Langer p. 35 |
2011 | Saurischia Cabreira et al. p. 1036 |
2011 | Saurischia Nesbitt p. 211 fig. 52 |
2011 | Saurischia Novas et al. p. 341 fig. 4 |
2011 | Saurischia Taylor et al. p. 78 |
2014 | Saurischia Gorscak et al. |
2014 | Saurischia Lacovara et al. |
2014 | Saurischia You et al. |
2015 | Saurischia Lü and Brusatte |
2017 | Saurischia Longrich et al. |
2017 | Saurischia Sereno |
2018 | Saurischia Apaldetti et al. |
2019 | Saurischia Martz and Small p. 54 fig. 23 |
2019 | Saurischia Pacheco et al. |
2019 | Saurischia Zahner and Brinkmann |
2020 | Saurischia Baiano et al. |
2020 | Saurischia Chure and Loewen p. 8 |
2020 | Saurischia Lamanna et al. p. 258 |
2020 | Saurischia Motta et al. |
2020 | Saurischia Poust et al. |
2023 | Saurischia Agnolin et al. |
2023 | Saurischia Lim et al. p. 52 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Saurischia Seeley 1888 [saurischian]
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G. †Alwalkeria Chatterjee and Creisler 1994
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†Alwalkeria maleriensis Chatterjee 1987
Invalid names: Walkeria Chatterjee 1987 [replaced]
G. †Anticheiropus Hitchcock 1865
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†Anticheiropus hamatus Hitchcock 1865
†Anticheiropus pilulatus Hitchcock 1865
G. †Argoides Hitchcock 1845
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†Argoides macrodactylus Hitchcock 1841
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Invalid names: Argozoum disparidigitatum Hitchcock 1848 [synonym]
†Argoides minimus Hitchcock 1836
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Invalid names: Argoides isodactyletus Hitchcock 1841 [synonym], Argozoum paridigitatum Hitchcock 1848 [synonym], Plesiornis aequalipes Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
†Argoides redfieldii Hitchcock 1844
†Argoides robustus Hitchcock 1837
Invalid names: Argozoum Hitchcock 1848 [synonym]
G. †Avalonianus Kuhn 1961
G. †Coelurosaurichnus Huene 1941
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Subg. †Coelurosaurichnus (Dinosaurichnium) Weiss 1934
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†Coelurosaurichnus (Dinosaurichnium) schlehenbergense Rehnelt 1950
†Coelurosaurichnus arntzeniusi Rehnelt 1983
†Coelurosaurichnus grancieri Courel and Demathieu 2000
†Coelurosaurichnus kehli Beurlen 1950
†Coelurosaurichnus kronbergeri Rehnelt 1959
†Coelurosaurichnus largentierensis Courel and Demathieu 1976
†Coelurosaurichnus moeni Beurlen 1950
†Coelurosaurichnus palissyi Gand 1976
†Coelurosaurichnus palyssi Gand 1976
†Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi Demathieu and Gand 1972
†Coelurosaurichnus ratumensis Demathieu and Oosterink 1988
†Coelurosaurichnus romanovskyi Gabuniya and Kurbatov 1988
†Coelurosaurichnus sabinensis Gand et al. 1976
†Coelurosaurichnus sassendorfensis Kuhn 1958
†Coelurosaurichnus schlauersbachense Weiss 1934
†Coelurosaurichnus schlehenbergensis Rehnelt 1950
†Coelurosaurichnus toscanus Huene 1941
†Coelurosaurichnus ziegelangernensis Kuhn 1958
G. †Deuterotetrapous Nopcsa 1923
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†Deuterotetrapous plancus Sarjeant 1967
†Deuterotetrapous triassicus Nopcsa 1923
Unr. Eusaurischia Padian et al. 1999
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Unr. †Sauropodomorpha Huene 1932 [sauropodomorph]
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Unr. †Bagualosauria Langer et al. 2019
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G. †Efraasia Galton 1973
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†Efraasia minor Huene 1908
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Invalid names: Palaeosaurus diagnosticus Fraas 1912 [synonym], Sellosaurus fraasi Huene 1908 [synonym]
G. †Kholumolumo Peyre de Fabrègues and Allain 2020
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†Kholumolumo ellenbergerorum Peyre de Fabrègues and Allain 2020
Unr. †Massopoda Yates 2007
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G. †Anchisaurus Marsh 1885
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†Anchisaurus polyzelus Hitchcock 1865
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Invalid names: Ammosaurus major Marsh 1889 [synonym], Ammosaurus solus Marsh 1892 [synonym], Anchisaurus colurus Marsh 1891 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amphisaurus Marsh 1882 [replaced], Megadactylus Hitchcock 1865 [replaced], Yaleosaurus Huene 1932 [synonym]
Fm. †Massospondylidae Huene 1914
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G. †Adeopapposaurus Martínez 2009 [far eating lizard]
G. †Coloradisaurus Lambert 1983
G. †Glacialisaurus Smith and Pol 2007 [frozen lizard]
G. †Ignavusaurus Knoll 2010
G. †Leyesaurus Apaldetti et al. 2011
G. †Lufengosaurus Young 1940
G. †Massospondylus Owen 1854
G. †Ngwevu Chapelle et al. 2019
G. †Pradhania Kutty et al. 2007
G. †Sarahsaurus Rowe et al. 2011
Unr. †Riojasauridae Yates 2007
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Unr. †Sauropodiformes Martinez et al. 2011
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G. †Aardonyx Yates et al. 2010
G. †Blikanasaurus Galton and Van Heerden 1985
G. †Camelotia Galton 1985
G. †Gongxianosaurus He et al. 1998
G. †Irisosaurus Peyre de Fabrègues et al. 2020
G. †Ledumahadi McPhee et al. 2018
G. †Leonerasaurus Pol et al. 2011
G. †Melanorosaurus Haughton 1924
G. †Meroktenos Peyre de Fabrègues and Allain 2016
G. †Mussaurus Bonaparte and Vince 1979
G. †Schleitheimia Rauhut et al. 2020
G. †Sefapanosaurus Otero et al. 2015
G. †Seitaad Sertich and Loewen 2010
G. †Xingxiulong Wang et al. 2017
G. †Yizhousaurus Zhang et al. 2018
G. †Yunnanosaurus Young 1940
G. †Tuebingosaurus Regalado Fernández and Werneburg 2022
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†Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum Regalado Fernández and Werneburg 2022
G. †Navahopus Baird 1980
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†Navahopus coyoteensis Milàn et al. 2008
†Navahopus falcipollex Baird 1980
Fm. †Plateosauridae Marsh 1895 [plateosaurid]
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G. †Coloradia Bonaparte 1978
G. †Plateosaurus Meyer 1837
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†Plateosaurus elizae Sauvage 1907
†Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer 1837
†Plateosaurus erlenbergiensis Huene 1905
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Invalid names: Plateosaurus longiceps Jaekel 1913 [synonym]
†Plateosaurus gracilis Huene 1905
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Invalid names: Thecodontosaurus hermannianus Huene 1905 [synonym]
†Plateosaurus ingens Rütimeyer 1856
†Plateosaurus trossingensis Fraas 1913
Invalid names: Plateosaurus quenstedti Huene 1905 [nomen dubium], Plateosaurus reinigeri Huene 1905 [nomen dubium], Platysaurus Agassiz 1846 [synonym], Sellosaurus Huene 1905 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ammosauridae Huene 1914 [synonym], Sellosauridae Huene 1908 [synonym]
Subfm. †Saturnaliidae Ezcurra 2010
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Fm. †Thecodontosauridae Lydekker 1890
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G. †Pseudotrisauropus Ellenberger 1970
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†Pseudotrisauropus dieterleni Ellenberger 1970
†Pseudotrisauropus humilis Ellenberger 1970
†Pseudotrisauropus maserui Ellenberger 1970
†Pseudotrisauropus minusculus Ellenberger 1970
†Pseudotrisauropus molekoi Ellenberger 1970
†Pseudotrisauropus subengensis Ellenberger 1970
G. †Thecodontosaurus Riley and Stutchbury 1836
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†Thecodontosaurus antiquus Morris 1843
†Thecodontosaurus minimus Ellenberger 1970
Invalid names: Thecodontosaurus latespinatus Huene 1905 [nomen vanum], Thecodontosaurus subcylindrodon Huene 1905 [nomen vanum]
Unr. †Unaysauridae Müller et al. 2018
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Invalid names: Brontosauria Olshevsky 1991 [empty], Euskelosaurus Huxley 1866 [nomen dubium], Euskelosaurus brownii Huxley 1866 [nomen dubium], Melanorosauria Ellenberger 1972 [empty], Navahopodidae Olsen and Galton 1984 [empty], Pachysuchus Young 1951 [nomen dubium], Pentasauropodia Ellenberger 1972 [empty], Thotobolosaurus Ellenberger 1970 [nomen nudum]
Subor. †Palaeopoda Colbert 1964
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Infraor. †Trisauropodia Ellenberger 1972
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G. †Anatrisauropus Ellenberger 1965
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†Anatrisauropus camisardi Ellenberger 1965
†Anatrisauropus ginsburgi Ellenberger 1970
G. †Katosauropus Ellenberger 1972
G. †Paragrallator Ellenberger 1972
Invalid names: Palaeosauria Colbert 1964 [empty], Staurikosauridae Van Heerden 1978 [empty], Teratosauria Colbert 1970 [empty]
G. †Platypterna Hitchcock 1845
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†Platypterna concamerata Hitchcock 1848
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Invalid names: Platypterna varica Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
†Platypterna deanii Hitchcock 1837
†Platypterna delicatula Hitchcock 1841
†Platypterna digitigrada Hitchcock 1858
†Platypterna gracillima Hitchcock 1858
†Platypterna lockatong Bock 1952
†Platypterna recta Hitchcock 1848
†Platypterna tenuis Hitchcock 1837
Invalid names: Calopus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym], Harpedactylus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym]
Unr. †Sauropoda Marsh 1878 [sauropod]
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Fm. †Atlantosauridae Marsh 1877 [atlantosaurid]
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Invalid names: Apatosauridae Huene 1927 [synonym], Atlantosaurinae Steel 1970 [empty]
G. †Brontopodus Farlow et al. 1989
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†Brontopodus birdi Farlow et al. 1989
†Brontopodus changlingensis Chen and Huang 1993
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Invalid names: Chuxiongpus zheni Chen and Huang 1993 [synonym]
†Brontopodus oncalensis Meijide Fuentes et al. 2004
†Brontopodus pentadactylus Kim and Lockley 2012
†Brontopodus plagnensis Mazin et al. 2017
†Brontopodus triangularis Santos et al. 2000
Invalid names: Chuxiongpus Chen and Huang 1993 [synonym]
Superfm. †Camarasauroidea Dong 1998
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Invalid names: Barapasauridae Halstead and Halstead 1981 [empty]
G. †Eosauropoda Bonaparte 1986
Fm. †Faveoloolithidae Zhao and Ding 1976
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G. †Faveoloolithus Zhao and Ding 1976
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†Faveoloolithus ningxiaensis Zhao and Ding 1976
†Faveoloolithus zhangi Jin 2008
G. †Parafaveoloolithus Zhang 2010
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†Parafaveoloolithus guoqingsiensis Fang et al. 2000
†Parafaveoloolithus macroporus Zhang 2010
†Parafaveoloolithus microporus Zhang 2010
†Parafaveoloolithus pingxiangensis Zou et al. 2013
†Parafaveoloolithus tiansicunensis Zhang 2010
†Parafaveoloolithus xipingensis Fang 1998
Invalid names: Sphaerovum Mones 1980 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Gravisauria Allain and Aquesbi 2008
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G. †Cetiosaurus Owen 1841
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†Cetiosaurus philippsii Sauvage 1880
Invalid names: Cetiosaurus brevis Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Cetiosaurus mogrebiensis Lapparent 1955 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Eusauropoda Upchurch 1995
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Fm. †Cetiosauridae Lydekker 1888 [cetiosaurid]
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G. †Chebsaurus Mahammed et al. 2005
G. †Protognathosaurus Olshevsky 1991 [first jaw lizard]
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Invalid names: Protognathus Zhang 1988 [replaced]
Invalid names: Cardiodontidae Lydekker 1895 [objective synonym], Cardiodontinae Huene 1927 [empty], Cetiosaurinae Kuhn 1939 [empty], Shunosaurinae McIntosh 1990 [empty]
G. †Ferganasaurus Alifanov and Averianov 2003
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†Ferganasaurus verzilini Alifanov and Averianov 2003
Unr. †Mamenchisauridae Chao 1965 [mamenchisaurid]
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G. †Abrosaurus Ouyang 1989
G. †Analong Ren et al. 2021
G. †Anhuilong Ren et al. 2018
G. †Bellusaurus Dong 1990
G. †Chuanjiesaurus Fang et al. 2000
G. †Daanosaurus Ye et al. 2005
G. †Eomamenchisaurus Lü et al. 2008
G. †Huangshanlong Huang et al. 2014
G. †Hudiesaurus Dong 1997
G. †Jingia Ren et al. 2024
G. †Klamelisaurus Zhao 1993
G. †Mamenchisaurus Young 1954
G. †Omeisaurus Young 1939
G. †Qijianglong Xing et al. 2015
G. †Rhomaleopakhus Upchurch et al. 2021
G. †Tienshanosaurus Young 1937
G. †Tonganosaurus Li et al. 2010
G. †Wamweracaudia Mannion et al. 2019
G. †Xinjiangtitan Wu et al. 2013
G. †Yuanmousaurus Lü et al. 2006
G. †Zigongosaurus Hou et al. 1976
Invalid names: Omeisauridae Wilson 2002 [synonym]
Unr. †Neosauropoda Bonaparte 1986
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G. †Archaeodontosaurus Buffetaut 2005
Unr. †Macronaria Sereno 1997
G. †Oobardjidama Salisbury et al. 2016
Superfm. †Titanosauroidea Upchurch 1995
Invalid names: Bothriospondylus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Bothriospondylus suffossus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Ischyrosaurus Hulke 1874 [nomen dubium], Ischyrosaurus manseli Lydekker 1888 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Turiasauria Royo-Torres et al. 2006
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G. †Losillasaurus Casanovas et al. 2001
G. †Mierasaurus Royo-Torres et al. 2017
G. †Moabosaurus Britt et al. 2017
G. †Narindasaurus Royo-Torres et al. 2021
G. †Tendaguria Bonaparte et al. 2000
G. †Turiasaurus Royo-Torres et al. 2006
G. †Zby Mateus et al. 2014
Invalid names: Algoasaurus Broom 1904 [nomen dubium], Algoasaurus bauri Broom 1904 [nomen dubium], Bothriospondylus madagascariensis Lydekker 1895 [nomen dubium], Ornithopsis leedsi Hulke 1887 [nomen dubium], Ornithopsis leedsii Hulke 1887 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Vulcanodontidae Cooper 1984 [empty]
Superfm. †Homalosauropodoidea Kuhn 1961
+
Invalid names: Amphicoeliidae Cope 1877 [empty], Huabeisauridae Pang and Cheng 2000 [empty]
Unr. †Lessemsauridae Apaldetti et al. 2018
+
G. †Megalobrontes Britt 1996
Fm. †Parabrontopodidae Apesteguía 2005
+
G. †Parabrontopodus Lockley et al. 1995
+
†Parabrontopodus barkhausensis Kaever and Lapparent 1974
†Parabrontopodus distercii Meijide Fuentes et al. 2001
†Parabrontopodus mcintoshi Lockley et al. 1995
Invalid names: Elephantopoides Kaever and Lapparent 1974 [synonym]
G. †Tapinosaurus Rabeck 1925
Unr. †Titanosauria Bonaparte and Coria 1993
+
Fm. †Balochisauridae Malkani 2003
+
Unr. †Colossosauria González Riga et al. 2019
+
Unr. †Aeolosaurini Franco-Rosas et al. 2004
+
G. †Aeolosaurus Powell 1987
G. †Caieiria Silva Junior et al. 2022
G. †Gondwanatitan Kellner and Azevedo 1999
G. †Panamericansaurus Calvo and Porfiri 2010
Unr. †Lognkosauria Calvo et al. 2007
+
G. †Austroposeidon Bandeira et al. 2016
G. †Drusilasaura Navarrete et al. 2011
G. †Futalognkosaurus Calvo et al. 2007
G. †Mendozasaurus González-Riga 2003
G. †Quetecsaurus González Riga and Ortiz David 2014
G. †Traukutitan Juárez Valieri and Calvo 2011
G. †Notocolossus González Riga et al. 2016
+
†Notocolossus gonzalezparejasi González Riga et al. 2016
Unr. †Rinconsauria Calvo et al. 2007
+
G. †Adamantisaurus Santucci and Bertini 2006
G. †Arrudatitan Silva Junior et al. 2022
G. †Brasilotitan Machado et al. 2013
G. †Bravasaurus Hechenleitner et al. 2020
G. †Maxakalisaurus Kellner et al. 2006
G. †Muyelensaurus Calvo et al. 2007
G. †Overosaurus Coria et al. 2013
G. †Pitekunsaurus Filippi and Garrido 2008
G. †Punatitan Hechenleitner et al. 2020
G. †Rinconsaurus Calvo and González Riga 2003
G. †Uberabatitan Salgado and Carvalho 2008
Unr. †Eutitanosauria Sanz et al. 1999
+
G. †Argentinosaurus Bonaparte and Coria 1993
+
†Argentinosaurus huinculensis Bonaparte and Coria 1993
Unr. †Saltasauroidea Powell 1992
+
Unr. †Diamantinasauria Poropat et al. 2021
G. †Isisaurus Wilson and Upchurch 2003
G. †Rapetosaurus Curry Rogers and Forster 2001
Fm. †Saltasauridae Sereno 1998 [saltasaurid]
G. †Tapuiasaurus Zaher et al. 2011
Unr. †Lithostrotia Wilson and Upchurch 2003
+
G. †Antarctosaurus Huene 1927
+
†Antarctosaurus wichmannianus Huene 1927
Invalid names: Antarctosaurus brasiliensis Arid and Vizotto 1971 [nomen dubium], Antarctosaurus giganteus Huene 1927 [nomen dubium]
G. †Magyarosaurus Huene 1932
+
†Magyarosaurus dacus Nopcsa 1915
+
Invalid names: Magyarosaurus hungaricus Huene 1932 [synonym], Magyarosaurus transsylvanicus Huene 1932 [synonym]
Fm. †Nemegtosauridae Upchurch 1995
+
G. †Nemegtosaurus Nowinski 1971
G. †Quaesitosaurus Kurzanov and Bannikov 1983
Invalid names: Antarctosaurus jaxarticus Riabinin 1938 [nomen dubium]
G. †Malakhelisaurus Malkani 2008 [Malakhel lizard]
+
†Malakhelisaurus mianwali Malkani 2007
Invalid names: Malasaurus Malkani 2007 [replaced]
G. †Malarguesaurus González Riga et al. 2009 [Malargüe lizard]
+
†Malarguesaurus florenciae González Riga et al. 2009
Unr. †Poripuchia Malkani 2020
+
Fm. †Gspsauridae Malkani 2015
+
Subfm. †Gspsaurinae Malkani 2015
Subfm. †Saraikimasoominae Malkani 2015
Fm. †Pakisauridae Malkani 2003
+
Subfm. †Isisaurinae Malkani 2010
G. †Khanazeem Malkani 2023
Subfm. †Khetranisaurinae Malkani 2010
G. †Pakisaurus Malkani 2004
Invalid names: Pakisaurinae Malkani 2010 [empty]
G. †Pseudomegaloolithus Vianey-Liaud and Garcia 2003
+
†Pseudomegaloolithus atlasi Vianey-Liaud and Garcia 2003
G. †Titanopodus González Riga and Calvo 2009
+
†Titanopodus mendozensis González Riga and Calvo 2009
Fm. †Titanosauridae Lydekker 1885 [titanosaurid]
+
Invalid names: Antarctosauridae Olshevsky 1978 [synonym], Antarctosaurinae Powell 1986 [empty], Hypselosaurus Matheron 1869 [nomen dubium], Titanosaurinae Lydekker 1893 [empty]
Invalid names: Andesauridae Calvo and Bonaparte 1991 [empty], Andesauroidea Salgado 2003 [empty], Argyrosaurinae Powell 1986 [invalid subgroup], Titanosaurus Lydekker 1877 [nomen dubium], Titanosaurus indicus Lydekker 1877 [nomen dubium]
Unr. †Titanosauriformes Salgado et al. 1997
+
Fm. †Brachiosauridae Riggs 1904 [brachiosaurid]
+
G. †Brachiosaurus Riggs 1903
+
Subg. †Brachiosaurus (Brachiosaurus) Paul 1988
†Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903
G. †Galvesaurus Barco et al. 2005 [Galve lizard]
+
†Galvesaurus herreroi Barco et al. 2005
+
Invalid names: Galveosaurus herreroi Sánchez-Hernández 2005 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Astrodontidae Huene 1932 [synonym], Bellusaurinae Dong 1990 [empty], Brachiosaurinae Huene 1927 [empty], Camarasaurinae Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Euhelopodinae Romer 1956 [empty], Klamelisaurinae Zhao 1993 [empty], Ornithopsis eucamerotus Hulke 1882 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelidae Marsh 1888 [synonym]
G. †Ornithopsis Seeley 1870
+
†Ornithopsis hulkei Seeley 1870
+
Invalid names: Bothriospondylus magnus Owen 1875 [objective synonym]
G. †Pelorosaurus Mantell 1850
+
†Pelorosaurus conybeari Melville 1849
†Pelorosaurus praecursor Sauvage 1876
Unr. †Somphospondyli Wilson and Sereno 1998
+
Unr. †Euhelopodidae Romer 1956 [euhelopodid]
+
G. †Daxiatitan You et al. 2008
G. †Erketu Ksepka and Norell 2006
G. †Gobititan You et al. 2003
G. †Huabeisaurus Pang and Cheng 2000
G. †Phuwiangosaurus Martin et al. 1994
G. †Qiaowanlong You and Li 2009
G. †Ruixinia Mo et al. 2023
G. †Ruyangosaurus Lü et al. 2009
G. †Silutitan Wang et al. 2021
G. †Tambatitanis Saegusa and Ikeda 2014
G. †Tangvayosaurus Allain et al. 1999
G. †Xianshanosaurus Lü et al. 2009
G. †Yongjinglong Li et al. 2014
G. †Europatitan Torcida Fernández-Baldor et al. 2017
+
†Europatitan eastwoodi Torcida Fernández-Baldor et al. 2017
Invalid names: Arkharavia Alifanov and Bolotsky 2010 [nomen dubium], Arkharavia heterocoelica Alifanov and Bolotsky 2010 [nomen dubium], Huanghetitan ruyangensis Lü et al. 2007 [nomen dubium]
G. †Titanosaurimanus Dalla Vecchia and Tarlao 2000
+
†Titanosaurimanus nana Dalla Vecchia and Tarlao 2000
Invalid names: Brohisaurus Malkani 2003 [nomen dubium], Brohisaurus kirthari Malkani 2003 [nomen dubium], Eucamerotus Hulke 1871 [nomen dubium], Huanghetitanidae Lü et al. 2007 [empty], Iuticosaurus Le Loeuff 1993 [nomen dubium], Iuticosaurus valdensis Huene 1929 [nomen dubium], Jiutaisaurus Wu et al. 2006 [nomen dubium], Jiutaisaurus xidiensis Wu et al. 2006 [nomen dubium], Laurasiformes Royo-Torres 2009 [empty], Macrurosaurus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Macrurosaurus semnus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelus Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Pukyongosaurus Dong et al. 2001 [nomen dubium], Pukyongosaurus millenniumi Dong et al. 2001 [nomen dubium], Rugocaudia Woodruff 2012 [nomen dubium], Rugocaudia cooneyi Woodruff 2012 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Acanthopholis platypus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Aepisaurus Gervais 1852 [nomen dubium], Agustiniidae Bonaparte 1999 [empty], Allophagi Jaekel 1914 [synonym], Asiatosaurus Osborn 1924 [nomen dubium], Astrodon johnstoni Leidy 1865 [nomen dubium], Atlantosaurus Marsh 1877 [nomen dubium], Barosaurus affinis Marsh 1899 [nomen dubium], Blikanasauridae Galton and Van Heerden 1985 [empty], Bothriospondylidae Lydekker 1895 [empty], Bothriospondylus elongatus Owen 1875 [nomen dubium], Bothrosauropodidae Janensch 1929 [empty], Bothrosauropodoidea Kuhn 1961 [empty], Brachiosaurus nougaredi Lapparent 1960 [nomen dubium], Brontopodidae Apesteguía 2005 [empty], Brontosauridae Jaekel 1911 [empty], Bruhathkayosaurus Yadagiri and Ayyasami 1987 [nomen dubium], Campylodoniscus Kuhn 1961 [nomen dubium], Cetiosauria Seeley 1874 [synonym], Cetiosaurus epioolithicus Owen 1842 [nomen nudum], Cetiosaurus hypoolithicus Owen 1842 [nomen nudum], Cetiosaurus longus Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Cetiosaurus medius Owen 1842 [nomen dubium], Chiayusaurus Bohlin 1953 [nomen dubium], Chondrosteosaurus Owen 1876 [nomen dubium], Chubutisauridae del Corro 1975 [empty], Clasmodosaurus Ameghino 1898 [nomen dubium], Clasmodosaurus spatula Ameghino 1898 [nomen dubium], Gigantosaurus Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Hamanosauripus Kim 1986 [nomen nudum], Haplocanthosauridae Bonaparte 1999 [empty], Herrerasauridae Van Heerden 1978 [empty], Homalosauropodidae Janensch 1929 [empty], Iguanodon praecursor Sauvage 1876 [nomen dubium], Koreanosauripus Kim 1986 [nomen nudum], Kunmingosaurus Zhao 1985 [nomen dubium], Lancanjiangosaurus Zhao 1985 [nomen nudum], Mamenchisauroidea Dong 1998 [empty], Mamenchisaurus fuxiensis Hou et al. 1976 [nomen dubium], Mamenchisaurus guangyuanensis Zhang 1981 [nomen dubium], Mamenchisaurus yunnanensis Fang et al. 2004 [nomen dubium], Morinosaurus Sauvage 1874 [nomen dubium], Morinosaurus priscus Sauvage 1874 [nomen dubium], Morosauridae Marsh 1882 [empty], Neosodon de la Moussaye 1884 [nomen dubium], Nurosaurus Dong 1992 [nomen nudum], Opisthocoelia Owen 1859 [synonym], Ornithopsidae Lydekker 1887 [empty], Pleurocoelus altus Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelus nanus Marsh 1888 [nomen dubium], Pleurocoelus valdensis Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Qinlingosaurus Xie et al. 1996 [nomen dubium], Rotundichnus Hendricks 1981 [nomen dubium], Tendaguriidae Bonaparte et al. 2000 [empty], Titanosaurus lydekkeri Huene 1929 [nomen dubium], Titanosaurus montanus Marsh 1877 [nomen dubium], Ultrasaurus Kim 1981 [nomen dubium], Zizhongosaurus Dong et al. 1983 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Aristosuchia Seeley 1892 [empty], Pachypodes Meyer 1845 [synonym], Pachypodosauria Huene 1914 [empty], Pachypodosauroidea Nopcsa 1928 [empty], Streptospondylus recentior Owen 1851 [nomen dubium], Thecospondylus Seeley 1882 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
---|---|---|
R. S. Lull 1924 | dinosaurs with triradiate pelvis resembing that of crocodiles, except that the publs forms part of acetabular boundary; skull small, with preorbital fenestra, carried at right angles to neck; large vacuity through mandible, as in crocodiles; marginal socketed teeth compressed and either knife-like, with serrated margins, or pencil-like, present in anterior portion of mouth and generally along its sides as well; no predentary bone; no calcified (ossified) tendons preserved in vertebral column. | |
B. F. Nopcsa 1928 | pubes directed forwards, pubic protuberance of ilium long | |
F. v. Huene 1948 | They represent an orthogenetic continuation of certain Pseudosuchia without break, systematic separation is artificial, but preferable for practical reasons. Open acetabulum; no armature; hind legs stronger than in Pseudosuchians and skull smaller; shoulder girdle shifted backward and first caudal added to sacrum; about 25 presacrals as in normal Thecodonts; in shoulder girdle secondary elements disappearing. Upper Triassic to Upper Cretaceous. | |
S. J. Nesbitt 2011 | The most inclusive clade containing Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758, and Saltasaurus loricatus Bonaparte and Powell, 1980, but not Triceratops horridus (Marsh, 1889) |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Peczkis 1995, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Olenekian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 251.20000 to 66.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma
Collections (3298 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Early/Lower Triassic | United Kingdom (England) | Deuterotetrapous triassicus (164930) | |
Olenekian | United Kingdom (England) | Coelurosaurichnus ziegelangernensis, Coelurosaurichnus sp. A, Coelurosaurichnus sp. B (184045) | |
Anisian | Spain (Castilla-La Mancha) | Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (74513) | |
Anisian | Germany | Thecodontosaurus latespinatus (137641) | |
Anisian | Netherlands (Gelderland) | Coelurosaurichnus ratumensis (96875) | |
Anisian | United Kingdom (England) | Deuterotetrapous plancus (186039) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Saône-et-Loire) | Coelurosaurichnus palyssii, Coelurosaurichnus sp. (36226) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) | Coelurosaurichnus largentierensis (192151) Coelurosaurichnus sp. (31310) | |
Anisian - Ladinian | France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) | Coelurosaurichnus largentierensis, Coelurosaurichnus sp. (68226) Coelurosaurichnus palissyi (31312 68222) Coelurosaurichnus palissyi, Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (68223) Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (62182 68906) Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi, Coelurosaurichnus sp. (28462) Coelurosaurichnus sp. (199928) Dinosauria indet. (24834 199911) | |
Middle Triassic | Argentina (Mendoza) | Tetrasauropus sp. (59670) | |
Middle Triassic | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Thecodontosaurus latespinatus (187582) | |
Middle Triassic | South Africa (Free State) | Rotodactylopus archaeus (206547) | |
Middle Triassic | France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté) | Coelurosaurichnus perriauxi (28092) | |
Middle Triassic | Lesotho (Mokhotlong) | Trichristolopus dubius (206537) | |
Ladinian | France (Grand Est) | Thecodontosaurus latespinatus (137680) | |
Carnian | India (Andhra Pradesh) | Walkeria maleriensis (57059) | |
Carnian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Thecodontosaurus sp. (27012) | |
Carnian | France | Coelurosaurichnus grancieri (55316 68225) | |
Carnian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Coelurosaurichnus sp. 2 (55416) Prosauropoda indet. (107286) | |
Carnian | Lesotho (Maseru) | Pseudotrisauropus maserui (206556) |