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Desmostylia (desmostylian)
Taxonomy
Desmostylia was named by Reinhart (1953).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Desmostylia by McKenna and Bell (1997).
It was assigned to Paenungulata by Reinhart (1953); to Eutheria by Carroll (1988); to Behemota by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Mammalia by Reinhart (1959), Domning et al. (1986), Inuzuka (2000), Saegusa (2002), Sepkoski (2002) and Domning and Barnes (2007); to Tethytheria by McKenna (1975), Ray et al. (1994), Hasegawa et al. (1995), Domning (1996), Gheerbrandt et al. (2005) and Hasegawa and Kimura (2008); and to Perissodactyla by Cooper et al. (2014).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Desmostylia by McKenna and Bell (1997).
It was assigned to Paenungulata by Reinhart (1953); to Eutheria by Carroll (1988); to Behemota by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Mammalia by Reinhart (1959), Domning et al. (1986), Inuzuka (2000), Saegusa (2002), Sepkoski (2002) and Domning and Barnes (2007); to Tethytheria by McKenna (1975), Ray et al. (1994), Hasegawa et al. (1995), Domning (1996), Gheerbrandt et al. (2005) and Hasegawa and Kimura (2008); and to Perissodactyla by Cooper et al. (2014).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1923 | Desmostyliformes Hay p. 109 |
| 1930 | Desmostyliformes Hay p. 654 |
| 1932 | Desmostyliformes Simpson p. 424 |
| 1937 | Desmostyliformes VanderHoof p. 189 |
| 1941 | Desmostyliformes Kretzoi p. 155 |
| 1942 | Desmostyliformes VanderHoof p. 301 |
| 1953 | Desmostylia Reinhart p. 187 fig. none |
| 1957 | Desmostyliformes Pronina p. 312 |
| 1959 | Desmostylia Reinhart p. 64 |
| 1959 | Desmostyliformes Reinhart p. 65 |
| 1975 | Desmostylia McKenna p. 43 |
| 1986 | Desmostylia Domning et al. p. 5 |
| 1988 | Desmostylia Carroll |
| 1994 | Desmostylia Ray et al. p. 205 |
| 1995 | Desmostylia Hasegawa et al. p. 5 |
| 1996 | Desmostylia Domning p. 378 |
| 1997 | Desmostylia McKenna and Bell p. 375 |
| 2000 | Desmostylia Inuzuka p. 91 |
| 2002 | Desmostylia Saegusa p. 4 |
| 2002 | Desmostylia Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Desmostylia Gheerbrandt et al. p. 297 |
| 2007 | Desmostylia Domning and Barnes p. 749 |
| 2008 | Desmostylia Hasegawa and Kimura p. 16 |
| 2014 | Desmostylia Cooper et al. p. 7 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. †Desmostylia Reinhart 1953 [desmostylian]
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G. †Behemotops Domning et al. 1986
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†Behemotops katsuiei Inuzuka 2000
†Behemotops proteus Domning et al. 1986
Or. †Desmostyloidea Abel 1933
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Fm. †Desmostylidae Osborn 1905
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G. †Desmostylus Marsh 1888
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†Desmostylus hesperus Marsh 1888
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Invalid names: Desmostylella typica Nagao 1937 [synonym], Desmostylus californicus Hay 1923 [synonym], Desmostylus cymatias Hannibal 1922 [synonym], Desmostylus minor Nagao 1937 [synonym], Desmostylus mirabilis Nagao 1935 [synonym], Desmostylus watasei Hay 1915 [synonym]
†Desmostylus japonicus Tokunaga and Iwasaki 1914
Invalid names: Desmostylella Nagao 1937 [synonym]
Fm. †Paleoparadoxiidae Reinhart 1959
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G. †Neoparadoxia Barnes 2013
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†Neoparadoxia cecilialina Barnes 2013
†Neoparadoxia repenningi Domning and Barnes 2007
G. †Paleoparadoxia Reinhart 1959
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†Paleoparadoxia media Inuzuka 2005
†Paleoparadoxia tabatai Tokunaga 1939
Invalid names: Behemotopsinae Inuzuka 1987 [empty], Paleoparadoxiinae Reinhart 1959 [empty]
G. †Jamilcotatus Aranda-Manteca and Barnes 1998
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†Jamilcotatus boreios Aranda-Manteca and Barnes 1998
†Jamilcotatus kumiaica Aranda-Manteca and Barnes 1998
Invalid names: Cornwalliidae Shikama 1966 [empty], Desmostyliformes Hay 1923 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order | |||||
| Reference: Domning et al. 1986 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Oligocene to the top of the Tortonian or 28.40000 to 7.24600 Ma
Collections (178 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rupelian | USA (Washington) | Behemotops proteus (58964) Desmostylidae indet. (58961) | |
| Oligocene - Miocene | Japan (Hokkaido) | Desmostylus japonicus (91510 91512) | |
| Arikareean | USA (California) | Desmostylus hesperus (59072) | |
| Arikareean | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Cornwallius sookensis (90463) | |
| Arikareean - Hemingfordian | USA (Oregon) | Desmostylus hesperus (90464) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (Alaska) | Cornwallius sookensis (91213) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (Oregon) | Cornwallius sookensis (91211) | |
| Chattian | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Cornwallius sookensis (66429) Cornwallius sp. (66427 66428) | |
| Chattian | Canada (British Columbia) | Behemotops proteus (173157) Cornwallius sookensis (91214) Desmostylus hesperus (63086) Desmostylus sookensis (63087) | |
| Chattian | USA (Washington) | Behemotops proteus (45809) Kronokotherium sp. (58963) | |
| Chattian | USA (Oregon) | Behemotops emlongi (58892) Cornwallius sookensis (45782 45788) Paleoparadoxiidae indet. (202148) | |
| Chattian | Japan (Hokkaido) | Ashoroa laticosta (58896) Behemotops katsuiei (45786) | |
| Aquitanian | USA (California) | Desmostylus sp., Paleoparadoxia weltoni, Desmostylus hesperus (58899) | |
| Aquitanian | USA (Alaska) | Cornwallius sp. (67659) | |
| Aquitanian | Japan (Hokkaido) | Paleoparadoxia sp. (171611 184791) | |
| Aquitanian | USA (Washington) | Kronokotherium sp., Desmostylidae indet. (45481) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Japan (Gihu) | Mammalia indet. (91500) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Japan (Hokkaido) | Desmostylus japonicus (91509) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Japan (Fukushima) | Desmostylus japonicus (91522) Desmostylus sp. (28589) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Japan (Miyagi) | Desmostylus japonicus (91519) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Russian Federation (Sakhalin) | Desmostylus japonicus (91503 91504 91505) Desmostylus minor (91506) | |
| Miocene | USA (California) | Desmostylus hesperus (91478 91480 91481 91486 91543 234513) Desmostylus sp. (91485) | |
| Miocene | Japan (Akita) | Paleoparadoxia tabatai (186479) | |
| Miocene | Russian Federation (Sakhalin) | Desmostylus japonicus (91501) Desmostylus sp. (124918) | |
| Miocene | Russian Federation | Kronokotherium brevimaxillare (91633) | |
| Miocene | Japan (Toyama) | Paleoparadoxia tabatai (91475) | |
| Miocene | Japan (Teshio) | Desmostylus japonicus (151921) | |
| Miocene | Japan (Shimane) | Paleoparadoxia tabatai (186477) | |
| Neogene | Japan (Hokkaido) | Desmostylus minor (101825) | |
| Burdigalian | Japan (Saitama) | Paleoparadoxia sp. (91601) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Oregon) | Desmostylus cymatias (107680) Desmostylus hesperus, Desmostylus cymatias (60339) Desmostylus sp. (18929) | |
| Burdigalian | Japan (Okayama) | Paleoparadoxia tabatai (76044) | |
| Burdigalian | Japan (Hokkaido) | Desmostylus japonicus (91507) | |
| Burdigalian | Japan (Gifu) | Paleoparadoxia tabatai (91465) Paleoparadoxiidae indet. (227082) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Japan (Saitama) | Paleoparadoxia sp. (133498) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (56956) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | USA (California) | Desmostylus hesperus (159670) Paleoparadoxia sp., Desmostylus hesperus (52180) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (California) | Desmostylus hesperus (59073) | |
| Barstovian | USA (California) | Desmostylus hesperus (91533 91534 91538 91539 91540 91541 91545) Desmostylus sp. (59074) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (19460) | |
| Langhian - Burdigalian | Japan (Aomori) | Paleoparadoxia sp. (171802) | |
| Langhian | Japan (Satiyama) | Paleoparadoxia sp. (171617) | |
| Langhian | Mexico (Baja California) | Desmostylus sp., Desmostylus hesperus, Paleoparadoxidae indet., Jamilcotatus kumiaica (52183) | |
| Langhian | Japan | Paleoparadoxia sp. (171613 171614 171621) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (93790 171620) | |
| Langhian | Japan (Satiama Prevecture) | Desmostylus sp., Paleoparadoxia sp., Paleoparadoxia tabatai (55826) | |
| Langhian | Japan (Iwate) | Desmostylus sp. (172170) | |
| Langhian | Japan (Saitama) | Cornwallius sp. (171618) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (54183) | |
| Langhian | USA (California) | Desmostylia indet. (19595) Desmostylus hesperus, Desmostylus japonicus (13297) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (59059) | |
| Langhian | Japan (Miyagi) | Paleoparadoxia tabatai (171612) | |
| Langhian | Japan (Hokkaido) | Desmostylus sp., Paleoparadoxia sp. (55652) | |
| Langhian | Japan (Fukushima) | Paleoparadoxia sp. (96896) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (75740) | |
| Langhian | USA (Alaska) | Desmostylia indet. (37337 59983 97625) | |
| Langhian | Japan (Ishikawa) | Paleoparadoxia tabatai (91470) | |
| Langhian | Japan (Okayama) | Paleoparadoxia media (171034) | |
| Langhian | Japan (Gunma) | Paleoparadoxia sp. (70548) Paleoparadoxia sp., Paleoparadoxia tabatai, Desmostylus japonicus (75729) | |
| Langhian | Japan (Fukui) | Paleoparadoxia sp. (89036) | |
| Langhian | Japan (Toyama) | Desmostylus japonicus (118942) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Russian Federation (Kamchatka) | Desmostylus hesperus (59165) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | USA (California) | Desmostylia indet., Desmostylus sp. (121152) Desmostylus sp. (225314) Desmostylus sp., Neoparadoxia cecillialina, Neoparadoxia cecilialina (151009) Desmostylus sp., Paleoparadoxia sp. (46069) Paleoparadoxia sp., Desmostylus hesperus (71072) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Desmostylus hesperus (13450) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Iwate) | Desmostylus japonicus (91517 91518) Desmostylus japonicus, Desmostylella typica (46041) Desmostylus sp. (186478) | |
| Middle Miocene | Russian Federation | Desmostylus hesperus (118952) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Fukushima) | Desmostylus sp. (186476) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan | Dugong sp. (65168) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Akita) | Desmostylus japonicus (91521) | |
| Middle Miocene | Russian Federation (Sakhalinskaya) | Desmostylus mirabilis (70452) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Shimane) | Desmostylus sp. (13068 102978) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Ishikawa) | Desmostylus japonicus (91524) Paleoparadoxia sp. (118412) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Hokuriku) | Paleoparadoxia sp. (161492 161494) | |
| Middle Miocene | USA (California) | Desmostylia indet., Desmostylia indet. (65985) Desmostylus hesperus (91479 91484 159600 159665 159666 159667 159668 159669 159671 159672) Paleoparadoxia sp. (65986) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (38027) Vanderhoofius coalingensis (40518) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Nagano) | Desmostylus hesperus (75730) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Hokkaido) | Desmostylus japonicus (91508 91511 91513 91514 91515 91516) Desmostylus sp. (55921) | |
| Langhian - Tortonian | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Desmostylia indet., Paleoparadoxia sp. (57778) | |
| Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | Japan | Paleoparadoxia tabatai (40519) | |
| Serravallian | USA (California) | Jamilcotatus boreios (91622) Paleoparadoxia sp., Paleoparadoxia repenningi (75060) | |
| Serravallian | Japan (Hokkaido) | Desmostylus sp. (72262) | |
| Serravallian | Mexico (Baja California) | Desmostylus sp. (57777) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | USA (California) | Desmostylus hesperus (13093 40517 159596 159597 159598 159599 159673) Desmostylus sp. (176780) | |
| Tortonian | USA (California) | Desmostylia indet. (168017) Desmostylus sp., Desmostylus hesperus, Paleoparadoxia sp. (46070) Desmostylus sp., Paleoparadoxia sp. (40514) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (46071) | |
| Tortonian | Japan (Gunma) | Paleoparadoxia sp. (200052) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Russian Federation (Sakhalin) | Desmostylus japonicus (91502) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Japan (Hokkaido) | Desmostylus sp. (91625) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Japan (Ishikawa) | Desmostylus japonicus (53883 91525) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | USA (California) | Desmostylus sp. (162458) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | USA (Alaska) | Desmostylia indet. (97626) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Japan (Toyama) | Desmostylus japonicus (91523 91526) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Japan | Desmostylus japonicus (51999 52000 52001) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (185111) |