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Mergini (seaduck)

Reptilia - Anseriformes - Anatidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1838Mergini Bonaparte
1930Merginae Hay p. 309
1933Merginae Lambrecht p. 353
1940Merginae Wetmore p. 28
1956Merginae Wetmore p. 34
1964Merginae Brodkorb p. 330
1972Merginae Howard p. 11
1978Mergini Alvarez and Olson p. 522
1987Mergini Howard and Barnes p. 3
1990Mergini Chandler p. 130
1992Mergini Emslie p. 257
2001Mergini Olson and Rasmussen p. 286
2009Mergini Gonzalez et al.
2011Mergini Zelenkov p. 194
2012Mergini Zelenkov p. 526
2014Mergini del Hoyo et al.
2015Mergini Watanabe and Matsuoka pp. e994745-4
2017Mergini Zelenkov p. 224
2020Mergini Watanabe et al. p. 3

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
RankNameAuthor
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
Maniraptora
Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
PangalloanseraeGauthier and de Queiroz 2001
GalloanseraeSibley and Ahlquist 1990
superorderGalloanserimorphae
orderAnseriformesWagler 1831
familyAnatidaeVigors 1825
subfamilyAnatinaeVigors 1825
tribeMerginiBonaparte 1838
tribeMerginiBonaparte 1838

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Tr. Mergini Bonaparte 1838 [seaduck]
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G. Bucephala Baird 1858
+
Bucephala albeola Linnaeus 1758 [bufflehead]
Bucephala angustipes Jánossy 1965
Bucephala clangula Linnaeus 1758 [common goldeneye]
Bucephala islandica Gmelin 1789 [Barrow's goldeneye]
Bucephala ossivallis Brodkorb 1955
Invalid names: Charitonetta Stejneger 1885 [synonym], Glaucionetta Someguy [synonym]
G. Clangula Leach 1819
+
Clangula hyemalis Linnaeus 1758 [long-tailed duck]
G. Lophodytes Reichenbach 1853
+
Lophodytes cucullatus Linnaeus 1758 [hooded merganser]
G. Melanitta Boie 1822 [scoter]
+
Subg. Melanitta (Pelionetta) Kaup 1829
Melanitta ceruttii Chandler 1990
Melanitta fusca Linnaeus 1758 [velvet scoter]
Melanitta fusca deglandi Bonaparte 1850 [white-winged scoter]
Melanitta nigra Linnaeus 1758 [common scoter]
Melanitta perspicillata Linnaeus 1758 [surf scoter]
Invalid names: Oidemia Fleming 1822 [synonym]
G. Mergus Linnaeus 1758 [merganser]
+
Mergus australis Hombron and Jacquinot 1841 [Auckland Islands merganser]
Mergus merganser Linnaeus 1758 [common merganser]
Mergus milleneri Williams and Tennyson 2014
Mergus miscellus Alvarez and Olson 1978
Mergus serrator Linnaeus 1758 [red-breasted merganser]
G. †Ocyplonessa Brodkorb 1961 [merganser]
+
Ocyplonessa shotwelli Brodkorb 1961
G. †Shiriyanetta Watanabe and Matsuoka 2015
+
Shiriyanetta hasegawai Watanabe and Matsuoka 2015
G. Somateria Leach 1819 [eider]
+
Somateria fischeri Brandt 1847 [Spectacled eider]
Somateria gravipes Harrison 1979
Somateria mollissima Linnaeus 1758 [common eider]
Somateria spectabilis Linnaeus 1758 [king eider]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: freshwatersubf
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: volantsubf
Diet: herbivoresubf
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 19:26:23
Modified: 2009-01-03 21:26:23
Source: subf = subfamily, o = order
References: Sedinger 1997, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Langhian to the top of the Holocene or 15.97000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 13.82 Ma

Collections (146 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Langhian15.97 - 13.82USA (Virginia) Mergus miscellus (71797)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82USA (California) Mergini indet. (19595)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62USA (Virginia) Mergus miscellus (187324)
MN 6 - MN 7 + 813.65 - 11.1Hungary (Nograd) Mergus sp., Bucephala cereti, Clangula sp. (167497)
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (Oregon) Ocyplonessa shotwelli (18819 18820)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (Florida) Bucephala ossivallis (122351)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (California) Bucephala sp. (19446)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) Somateria sp., Somateria mollissima, Melanitta perspicillata, Melanitta nigra, Bucephala clangula, Bucephala albeola, Mergus serrator (52582)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588USA (Idaho) Bucephala sp. (181255)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (California) Melanitta ceruttii (178000)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Florida) Bucephala albeola, Mergus merganser (19753)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (Idaho) Bucephala sp. (176410)
Villanyian3.2 - 2.588Slovakia Mergus sp. (41026)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806United Kingdom (England) Clangula hyemalis (77632)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (Florida) Mergus sp., Bucephala albeola (19750)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Italy Somateria sp. (42867)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Egypt (Kom Ombo Plain) Mergus merganser (22508) Mergus serrator (22544) Mergus serrator, Mergus merganser (22545)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Egypt Mergus serrator, Mergus merganser (21888)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Japan (Chiba) Melanitta fusca (207857 207858)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (California) Melanitta perspicillata (176094 176101)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Mergus sp., Bucephala albeola, Somateria spectabilis (20400)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126United Kingdom (England) Melanitta nigra (77754 78015)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126United Kingdom Melanitta nigra, Mergus serrator (125088)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126Japan (Aomori) Shiriyanetta hasegawai, Melanitta fusca, Clangula hyemalis (101897)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126USA (California) Bucephala fossilis (192287) Melanitta perspicillata, Bucephala albeola, Melanitta deglandi (20639)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126Italy Mergus sp., Somateria sp. (197786)
Middle Pleistocene (interglacial)0.781 - 0.126USA (Maryland) Melanitta deglandi (125184)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126USA (Florida) Bucephala clangula (195048)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126Japan (Chiba) Clangula hyemala (56359)
Middle Pleistocene - Holocene0.781 - 0.0United Kingdom Bucephala clangula, Mergus serrator, Somateria gravipes (197163)
Rancholabrean (glacial)0.3 - 0.012USA (California) Melanitta deglandi (20624)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (California) Bucephala albeola (84885) Melanitta perspicillata, Bucephala clangula, Bucephala albeola (84881)
Rancholabrean - Holocene0.3 - 0.0USA (California) Melanitta perspicillata, Mergus serrator, Melanitta fusca (84904)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Bucephala albeola (82258) Bucephala sp., Lophodytes cucullatus (104697) Mergus sp., Lophodytes cucullatus (103991)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Oregon) Lophodytes cucullatus, Clangula hyemalis, Glaucionetta islandica (176222) Melanitta perspicillata, Mergus serrator, Mergus merganser, Melanitta deglandi, Clangula hyemalis, Charitonetta albeola (93251)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117New Zealand (North Otago) Mergus australis (87789)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Alabama) Mergus sp. (84181)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Idaho) Mergus merganser (20569)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Mergus sp. (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117New Zealand (South Island) Mergus australis (87814)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (California) Bucephala albeola (176267) Charitonetta albeola (44954) Melanitta fusca (120827 215552) Melanitta perspicillata, Melanitta fusca (120830 176102) Melanitta perspicillata, Mergus serrator, Melanitta fusca (120829 125236) Melanitta sp. (106400) Mergus merganser (20273)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Spain Mergus serrator (150207) Somateria mollissima, Melanitta nigra, Mergus serrator, Melanitta fusca, Somateria spectabilis (215694)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Japan (Aomori) Anser sp., Anas sp. (101898) Shiriyanetta hasegawai, Clangula hyemalis (210642) Shiriyanetta hasegawai, Melanitta fusca, Clangula hyemalis (195045)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117United Kingdom Mergus merganser (93837)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Bucephala albeola, Lophodytes cucullatus (84190)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Bucephala albeola, Lophodytes cucullatus, Clangula hyemalis (20595) Lophodytes cucullatus (20580) Mergus serrator (20636)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Spain (Santander) Melanitta perpicillata, Melanitta nigra, Mergus serrator (125320)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Jordan Bucephala clangula (197945)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117United Kingdom (Scotland) Somateria mollissima (125322)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Mergus merganser (93277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Mergus sp. (71670)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Portugal Somateria sp., Somateria mollissima, Melanitta nigra (197768)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Norway (Sunnmore) Somateria mollissima (125317)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Russian Federation Mergus serrator, Clangula hyemalis (194811)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Oklahoma) Lophodytes cucullatus (91527)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Bucephala albeola, Lophodytes cucullatus, Mergus merganser (154773)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Norway Clangula hyemalis (162578) Somateria mollissima, Melanitta nigra, Melanitta fusca, Somateria spectabilis (73689) Somateria sp. (227461)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0USA (Utah) Clangula hyemalis (93326)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0Russian Federation Melanitta deglandi (194812)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0Spain Clangula hyemalis (215722)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Newfoundland) Somateria mollissima, Mergus serrator (228844)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Estonia Somateria mollissima, Bucephala clangula, Mergus serrator, Clangula hyemalis (195026)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Russian Federation Bucephala clangula (194809)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Yukon) Melanitta deglandi (228443)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand Mergus australis (100554 194618 194619) Mergus sp. (198088)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Finland Bucephala clangula (209131) Clangula hyemalis (209153) Mergus sp., Somateria mollissima, Melanitta sp., Melanitta nigra, Mergus serrator, Mergus merganser, Melanitta fusca (177177) Somateria mollissima (209127 209155)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand (North Island) Mergus australis (215544)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Northwest Territories) Melanitta nigra, Clangula hyernalis (228921) Somateria sp., Clangula hyernalis (228492)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Alaska) Somateria mollissima (70585)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (California) Melanitta fusca (194880) Melanitta sp. (194909 194913 194915 194916 194918 194919 194921 194923 194925) Melanitta sp., Bucephala albeola (194926) Melanitta sp., Bucephala sp. (194905 194927 194928) Melanitta sp., Melanitta perspicillata, Bucephala sp., Bucephala albeola (194914) Melanitta sp., Melanitta perspicillata, Bucephala sp., Bucephala albeola, Melanitta fusca (194907) Melanitta sp., Melanitta perspicillata, Bucephala sp., Bucephala albeola, Mergus serrator, Melanitta fusca (194906) Melanitta sp., Mergus serrator (194908 194910) Mergus sp., Melanitta sp. (194917) Mergus sp., Melanitta sp., Bucephala albeola, Mergus serrator (194912)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Spain Somateria mollissima (215735)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Quebec) Somateria mollissima, Clangula hyemalis (51005)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Greenland Clangula hyernalis (227816) Clangula hyernalis, Somateria spectabilis (230120) Somateria mollissima (229885 229938 229939 229940) Somateria sp., Clangula hyernalis, Somateria spectabilis (226353) Somateria spectabilis (227826) Somateria spectabilis, Clangula hyemalis (162014)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Nunavut) Clangula hyemalis (73698) Somateria mollissima (229489) Somateria mollissima, Clangula hyernalis (228896) Somateria sp. (228756 228920 228928) Somateria sp., Clangula hyernalis (228898) Somateria sp., Somateria mollissima, Somateria spectabilis (160848) Somateria sp., Somateria mollissima, Somateria spectabilis, Clangula hyemalis (228927) Somateria sp., Somateria spectabilis (229484)