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Squalicorax (crow shark)
Taxonomy
Squalicorax was named by Whitley (1939) [Sepkoski's age data: K Albi K Maes-u Sepkoski's reference number: 525,863,884].
It was assigned to Isuridae by Miller (1967); to Anacoracoidei by Case (1979); to Lamnidae by Uyeno et al. (1981); to Lamniformes by Sepkoski (2002); and to Anacoracidae by Applegate (1970), Cappetta and Case (1975), Herman (1977), Case (1978), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Werner (1989), Case et al. (1990), Case (1991), Müller and Diedrich (1991), Siverson (1992), Siverson (1996), Shimada (1996), Siverson (1997), Cappetta and Case (1999), Zalmout and Mustafa (2001), Cappetta and Odin (2001), Cicimurri (2003), Niedźwiedzki and Kalina (2003), Forey et al. (2003), Shimada (2006), Shimada et al. (2006), Vullo et al. (2007), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Shimada and Martin (2008), Bogan and Agnolin (2010), Underwood et al. (2011), Bourdon et al. (2011), Guinot et al. (2013), Cicimurri et al. (2014), Corral et al. (2016), Bice and Shimada (2016), Siversson and Machalski (2017), Siversson and Cook (2018), Guinot and Carrillo-Briceño (2018), Hoganson et al. (2019), Amalfitano et al. (2020), Maisch et al. (2021), Ebersole et al. (2022) and Guinot et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Isuridae by Miller (1967); to Anacoracoidei by Case (1979); to Lamnidae by Uyeno et al. (1981); to Lamniformes by Sepkoski (2002); and to Anacoracidae by Applegate (1970), Cappetta and Case (1975), Herman (1977), Case (1978), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Werner (1989), Case et al. (1990), Case (1991), Müller and Diedrich (1991), Siverson (1992), Siverson (1996), Shimada (1996), Siverson (1997), Cappetta and Case (1999), Zalmout and Mustafa (2001), Cappetta and Odin (2001), Cicimurri (2003), Niedźwiedzki and Kalina (2003), Forey et al. (2003), Shimada (2006), Shimada et al. (2006), Vullo et al. (2007), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Shimada and Martin (2008), Bogan and Agnolin (2010), Underwood et al. (2011), Bourdon et al. (2011), Guinot et al. (2013), Cicimurri et al. (2014), Corral et al. (2016), Bice and Shimada (2016), Siversson and Machalski (2017), Siversson and Cook (2018), Guinot and Carrillo-Briceño (2018), Hoganson et al. (2019), Amalfitano et al. (2020), Maisch et al. (2021), Ebersole et al. (2022) and Guinot et al. (2023).
Species
Anacorax kugleri, Corax jaekeli, Corax maximus, Corax planus, Palaeoanacorax volgensis, Priscusurus adruptodontus, S. acutus, S. arnaudi, S. baharijensis, S. bazzii, S. benguerirensis, S. bernardezi, S. coquandi, S. crassidens, S. curvatus, S. dalinkevichiusi, S. deckeri, S. falcatus (syn. Corax boreaui, Corax obliquus, Galeocerdo hartwellii, Corax elongatus, Corax heterodon), S. intermedius, S. kaupi (syn. Corax bassanii, S. lindstromi), S. lalunaensis, S. microserratus, S. moodyi, S. mutabilis, S. parallelus, S. pawpawensis, S. primaevus, S. primigenius, S. primulus, S. priscoserratus, S. pristodontus, S. trapezoidalis, S. yangaensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1843 | Corax Agassiz p. 224 |
1889 | Corax Woodward p. 422 |
1896 | Corax Alessandri p. 722 |
1902 | Corax Hay p. 309 |
1939 | Squalicorax Whitley |
1940 | Anacorax White and Moy-Thomas p. 506 |
1946 | Corax Rapp p. 510 |
1958 | Anacorax Casier p. 55 |
1963 | Corax Jordan p. 599 |
1967 | Squalicorax Miller p. 223 |
1970 | Squalicorax Applegate p. 393 |
1971 | Palaeoanacorax Glickman |
1971 | Palaeoanacorax volgensis Glickman |
1971 | Eoanacorax Glikman and Shvazhaite |
1975 | Squalicorax Cappetta and Case p. 7 |
1977 | Squalicorax Herman p. 105 |
1978 | Squalicorax Case p. 186 |
1979 | Squalicorax Case p. 79 |
1981 | Squalicorax Thurmond and Jones p. 57 |
1981 | Squalicorax Uyeno et al. pp. 83-84 figs. pl. 1, fg. F-I |
1988 | Squalicorax Case and Schwimmer p. 294 |
1989 | Squalicorax Werner p. 35 |
1990 | Squalicorax Case et al. p. 1088 |
1991 | Squalicorax Case p. 6 |
1991 | Squalicorax primulus Müller and Diedrich |
1991 | Squalicorax Müller and Diedrich p. 38 |
1992 | Squalicorax Siverson p. 548 |
1996 | Squalicorax Shimada p. 10 |
1996 | Squalicorax Siverson p. 844 |
1996 | Squalicorax volgensis Siverson p. 845 figs. Pl 6, figs 1-12 |
1997 | Squalicorax Siverson p. 461 |
1999 | Squalicorax Cappetta and Case p. 12 |
1999 | Squalicorax volgensis Cappetta and Case p. 14 figs. Pl 4, figs 7,8; pl 5, fig 1 |
2001 | Squalicorax Cappetta and Odin p. 647 |
2001 | Squalicorax Zalmout and Mustafa pp. 395-397 figs. 5-8, plate 3 |
2002 | Squalicorax Sepkoski |
2003 | Squalicorax Cicimurri p. 9 figs. 5, C |
2003 | Squalicorax Forey et al. p. 227 |
2003 | Squalicorax Niedźwiedzki and Kalina p. 21 figs. 4.5; 5.3 |
2006 | Priscusurus Kriwet |
2006 | Priscusurus adruptodontus Kriwet |
2006 | Squalicorax Shimada p. 167 |
2006 | Squalicorax Shimada et al. p. 8 |
2007 | Squalicorax Cahuzac et al. p. 22 |
2007 | Squalicorax Vullo et al. p. 105 |
2008 | Squalicorax Shimada and Martin p. 91 |
2008 | Squalicorax volgensis Shimada and Martin p. 92 fig. 5C |
2010 | Squalicorax Bogan and Agnolin |
2010 | Palaeoanacorax Underwood and Cumbaa p. 932 |
2010 | Palaeoanacorax primulus Underwood and Cumbaa p. 932 |
2010 | Palaeoanacorax volgensis Underwood and Cumbaa p. 932 |
2011 | Squalicorax Bourdon et al. p. 15 |
2011 | Squalicorax Underwood et al. p. 547 |
2013 | Palaeoanacorax Guinot et al. p. 625 |
2013 | Squalicorax Guinot et al. p. 629 |
2014 | Squalicorax Cicimurri et al. pp. 16-18 figs. 11A-H |
2016 | Squalicorax Bice and Shimada p. 178 |
2016 | Squalicorax Corral et al. p. 645 |
2017 | Squalicorax Siversson and Machalski p. 456 |
2018 | Squalicorax Guinot and Carrillo-Briceño p. 5 |
2018 | Squalicorax Siversson and Cook p. 92 |
2019 | Squalicorax Hoganson et al. p. 28 |
2020 | Squalicorax Amalfitano et al. p. 266 |
2021 | Squalicorax Maisch et al. p. 12 |
2022 | Squalicorax Ebersole et al. p. 381 |
2023 | Squalicorax Guinot et al. pp. 5-6 figs. 3A-B |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Squalicorax Whitley 1939 [crow shark]
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†Squalicorax acutus Siversson and Cook 2018
†Squalicorax arnaudi Coquand 1859
†Squalicorax baharijensis Stromer 1927
†Squalicorax bazzii Siversson and Cook 2018
†Squalicorax benguerirensis Cappetta et al. 2014
†Squalicorax bernardezi Guinot et al. 2013
†Squalicorax coquandi Vullo et al. 2007
†Squalicorax crassidens Cope 1872
Squalicorax curvatus Williston 1900
†Squalicorax dalinkevichiusi Glikman and Shvazhaite 1971
†Squalicorax deckeri Bice and Shimada 2016
†Squalicorax falcatus Agassiz 1843
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Invalid names: Corax boreaui Coquand 1860 [synonym], Corax elongatus Coquand 1860 [synonym], Corax heterodon Reuss 1845 [synonym], Corax obliquus Reuss 1845 [synonym], Galeocerdo hartwellii Cope 1872 [synonym]
†Squalicorax intermedius Glickman 1971
†Squalicorax kaupi Agassiz 1843
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Invalid names: Corax bassanii Gemmellaro 1919 [synonym], Squalicorax lindstromi Davis 1890 [synonym]
†Squalicorax lalunaensis Guinot and Carrillo-Briceño 2018
†Squalicorax microserratus Cappetta et al. 2014
†Squalicorax moodyi Guinot and Carrillo-Briceño 2018
†Squalicorax mutabilis Siversson and Cook 2018
†Squalicorax parallelus Coquand 1859
†Squalicorax pawpawensis Siverson et al. 2007
†Squalicorax primaevus Dalinkevičius 1935
†Squalicorax primigenius Landemaine 1991
†Squalicorax priscoserratus Siverson et al. 2007
†Squalicorax pristodontus Agassiz 1835 [crow shark]
†Squalicorax trapezoidalis Coquand 1859
†Squalicorax yangaensis Dartevelle and Casier 1943
Invalid names: Anacorax White and Moy-Thomas 1940 [objective synonym], Eoanacorax Glikman and Shvazhaite 1971 [synonym], Palaeoanacorax Glickman 1971 [synonym], Palaeoanacorax volgensis Glickman 1971 [nomen dubium], Priscusurus Kriwet 2006 [synonym], Priscusurus adruptodontus Kriwet 2006 [nomen dubium], Squalicorax primulus Müller and Diedrich 1991 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Wagner 2023, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Albian to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 105.30000 to 66.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma
Collections (314 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Cretaceous | USA (New Jersey) | Squalicorax pristodontus (125224) | |
Albian | Australia (Western Australia) | Squalicorax primaevus (90688) | |
Albian | Switzerland | Corax falcatus (2237) | |
Albian - Cenomanian | Mexico (Hidalgo) | Squalicorax sp. (135815) | |
Albian - Maastrichtian | USA (Louisiana) | Squalicorax pristodontus (161201) | |
Late/Upper Albian | Ukraine | Squalicorax sp. (214236) | |
Late/Upper Albian | Lithuania | Corax falcatus, Oxyrhina primaeva (213710) Oxyrhina primaeva (213709) | |
Late/Upper Albian | USA (Texas) | Squalicorax sp. (52126) Squalicorax volgensis (213307) | |
Late/Upper Albian | Poland | Squalicorax sp. (213375) | |
Late/Upper Albian | Australia (Western Australia) | Squalicorax sp. (215557) Squalicorax sp. A, Squalicorax sp. B (215556) | |
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian | Kazakhstan | Palaeoanacorax volgensis, Squalicorax baharijensis (175010) | |
Cenomanian | Germany (Westphalia) | Squalicorax falcatus (210063) | |
Cenomanian | USA (Arkansas) | Squalicorax falcatus (223862) | |
Cenomanian | Australia (Western Australia) | Squalicorax curvatus, Squalicorax volgensis (215794) | |
Cenomanian | United Kingdom (England) | Corax falcatus (81062) | |
Cenomanian | Venezuela (Trujillo) | Squalicorax sp. 2, Squalicorax lalunaensis (213629) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | Argentina (Mendoza) | Squalicorax pristodontus (200128) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | Brazil (Pernambuco) | Corax pristodontus (167994) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | France | Squalicorax sp. (187578) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | Japan (Amakusa) | Squalicorax sp. (161437) |