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Anchisauria
Taxonomy
Anchisauria was named by Galton and Upchurch (2004). It is not extant.
It was assigned to Prosauropoda by Galton and Upchurch (2004) and Galton et al. (2005); to Sauropodomorpha by Upchurch et al. (2007) and Yates et al. (2010); and to Plateosauria by Yates (2010) and Apaldetti et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Prosauropoda by Galton and Upchurch (2004) and Galton et al. (2005); to Sauropodomorpha by Upchurch et al. (2007) and Yates et al. (2010); and to Plateosauria by Yates (2010) and Apaldetti et al. (2011).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 2004 | Anchisauria Galton and Upchurch pp. 249-250 fig. 12.11 |
| 2005 | Anchisauria Galton et al. p. 30 |
| 2007 | Anchisauria Upchurch et al. p. 62 fig. 3 |
| 2010 | Anchisauria Yates p. 750 |
| 2010 | Anchisauria Yates et al. |
| 2011 | Anchisauria Apaldetti et al. p. 16 fig. 13 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Anchisauria Galton and Upchurch 2004
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Unr. †Prosauropoda Huene 1920 [prosauropod]
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Fm. †Anchisauridae Marsh 1885 [anchisaurid]
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G. †Ammosaurus Marsh 1891
Invalid names: Amphisauridae Marsh 1882 [synonym], Gryponichidae Huene 1932 [synonym], Palaeosauridae Huene 1932 [synonym]
Fm. †Otozoidae Lull 1904
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G. †Evazoum Nicosia and Loi 2003
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†Evazoum gatewayensis Lockley and Lucas 2013
†Evazoum sirigui Nicosia and Loi 2003
G. †Kalosauropus Ellenberger 1970
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†Kalosauropus masitisii Ellenberger 1970
†Kalosauropus pollex Ellenberger 1970
G. †Otozoum Hitchcock 1847
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†Otozoum caudatum Hitchcock 1871
†Otozoum grandcombensis Gand et al. 2000
†Otozoum minus Lull 1915
†Otozoum moodii Hitchcock 1847
G. †Pseudotetrasauropus Ellenberger 1965
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†Pseudotetrasauropus andusiensis Ellenberger 1965
†Pseudotetrasauropus bipedoida Ellenberger 1970
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Invalid names: Pseudotetrasauropus augustus Ellenberger 1970 [synonym]
†Pseudotetrasauropus corbesiensis Ellenberger 1965
†Pseudotetrasauropus jaquesi Ellenberger 1970
Invalid names: Pseudotetrasauropus lehmani Ellenberger 1965 [nomen nudum], Pseudotetrasauropus mekalingensis Ellenberger 1970 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Aetonyx Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Aetonyx palustris Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Agrosaurus Seeley 1891 [nomen dubium], Aristosaurus Van Hoepen 1920 [nomen dubium], Aristosaurus erectus Van Hoepen 1920 [nomen dubium], Dimodosaurus Pidancet and Chopard 1862 [nomen dubium], Dromicosaurus Van Hoepen 1920 [nomen dubium], Dromicosaurus gracilis Van Hoepen 1920 [nomen dubium], Euskelesauridae Ellenberger 1970 [empty], Euskelosaurus africanus Haughton 1924 [nomen dubium], Fulengia Carroll and Galton 1977 [nomen dubium], Gigantoscelus Van Hoepen 1916 [nomen dubium], Gresslyosaurus Rütimeyer 1856 [nomen dubium], Gryponyx Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Gryponyx africanus Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Gryponyx taylori Haughton 1924 [nomen dubium], Gryponyx transvaalensis Broom 1912 [nomen dubium], Gyposaurus capensis Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Hortalotarsus Seeley 1894 [nomen dubium], Hortalotarsus skirtopodus Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Leptospondylus Owen 1854 [nomen dubium], Massospondylus browni Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Massospondylus harriesi Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Massospondylus schwarzi Haughton 1924 [nomen dubium], Mussauridae Bonaparte and Vince 1979 [empty], Orinosaurus Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Orinosaurus capensis Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Pachysauriscus Kuhn 1959 [nomen dubium], Pachysaurops Huene 1959 [nomen dubium], Pachysaurus Huene 1905 [nomen dubium], Pachyspondylus Owen 1854 [nomen dubium], Plateosauravidae Huene 1929 [empty], Plateosaurus stormbergensis Broom 1915 [nomen dubium], Pseudotetrasauropus acutunguis Ellenberger 1970 [nomen dubium], Pseudotetrasauropus curtus Ellenberger 1972 [nomen dubium], Pseudotetrasauropus elegans Ellenberger 1970 [nomen dubium], Pseudotetrasauropus francisci Ellenberger 1970 [nomen dubium], Tawasaurus Young 1982 [nomen dubium], Teratosaurus trossingensis Huene 1908 [nomen dubium], Thecodontosaurus dubius Haughton 1924 [nomen dubium], Thecodontosaurus minor Haughton 1918 [nomen dubium], Yunnanosauridae Young 1942 [empty], Zanclodon bavaricus Sandberger 1894 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Melanorosauridae Huene 1929 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Peczkis 1995, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Middle Triassic to the top of the Early/Lower Pliensbachian or 247.20000 to 183.00000 Ma
Collections (151 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Triassic | South Africa (Free State) | Rotodactylopus archaeus (206547) | |
| Middle Triassic | Argentina (Mendoza) | Tetrasauropus sp. (59670) | |
| Carnian | Lesotho (Mohale's Hoek) | Pseudotetrasauropus mekalingensis (206555) | |
| Carnian | Italy (Liguria) | Evazoum sirigui (68780) | |
| Carnian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Prosauropoda indet. (107286) | |
| Carnian - Norian | Lesotho | Otozoum sp. (202704) Senqutrisauropus priscus (84061) | |
| Carnian - Norian | Italy (Veneto) | Prosauropoda indet. (68885) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | USA (Utah) | Evazoum sp. (229983) Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (219952) Tetrasauropus sp., Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (32300) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | United Kingdom (Wales) | Otozoum sp. (74806) | |
| Tuvalian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | Evazoum sp. (89860) | |
| Tuvalian - Lacian | Italy (Veneto) | Prosauropoda indet. (68833) | |
| Norian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Otozoum minus (55414) | |
| Norian | USA (Colorado) | Prosauropoda indet., Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (55259) | |
| Norian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (57949) Tetrasauropus sp., Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (222914) | |
| Norian | USA (Arizona) | Barrancapus sp. (84187) Prosauropoda indet. (62206) | |
| Norian | Italy (Pordenone) | Prosauropoda indet. (55365 55367 69526) | |
| Norian | France | Reptilia indet. (117821) | |
| Norian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Euskelosaurus africanus (36735) | |
| Norian | Australia (Queensland) | Eubrontes sp. (142852) | |
| Norian | USA (New Mexico) | Pentasauropus sp. (46560) Prosauropoda indet. (55248) Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (83959 83960 84023) Pseudotetrasauropus sp., Evazoum sirigui (52168) | |
| Norian | France (Jura) | Dimodosaurus poligniensis (25836 48640 48641) Gresslyosaurus sp. (48643) | |
| Norian | France (Rhône-Alpes) | Thecodontosaurus sp. (70425) | |
| Norian | Lesotho (Mohale's Hoek) | Otozoum sp. (56030) Pseudotetrasauropus curtus (206548) | |
| Norian | France (Occitanie) | Otozoum grandcombensis (194070) | |
| Norian | USA (Texas) | Prosauropoda indet. (48424) | |
| Norian | France (Franche-Comté) | Plateosaurus poligniensis (142750) | |
| Norian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Belodon sp. (48691) Gresslyosaurus robustus (48692) Pachysaurus ajax (48693) | |
| Norian | Switzerland (Graubunden) | Prosauropoda indet. (69623) | |
| Norian | Argentina (La Rioja) | Prosauropoda indet. (85568) Strenusaurus procerus (52032) | |
| Norian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Prosauropoda indet. (99815) | |
| Norian | France (Gard) | Prosauropoda indet. (59290) | |
| Norian | Lesotho (Maseru) | Otozoum sp., Pseudotetrasauropus augustus, Pseudotetrasauropus acutunguis, Tetrasauropus jaquesi (56029) Tetrasauropus unguiferus, Pseudotetrasauropus elegans (149751) | |
| Norian | Germany (Bayern) | Otozoum sp. (139482) | |
| Norian - Rhaetian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Orosaurus sp. (36610) Plateosaurus stormbergensis (36739) | |
| Norian - Rhaetian | Thailand (Loei) | Prosauropoda indet. (107182) | |
| Norian - Rhaetian | Slovenia (Gorizia) | Prosauropoda indet. (166211) | |
| Lacian | USA (New Mexico) | Barrancapus cresapi (83958) | |
| Alaunian | Greenland | Evazoum sp. (27008) Prosauropoda indet. (27006) | |
| Alaunian - Sevatian | Switzerland (Graubünden) | Prosauropoda indet. (220114 220115) | |
| Sevatian | Switzerland (Basel-Landschaft) | Dinosaurus gresslyi (47802) | |
| Rhaetian | Belgium (Gaume) | Prosauropoda indet. (68882 139198 139199 139202) | |
| Rhaetian | France (Champagne-Ardennes) | Zanclodon sp. (139922) | |
| Rhaetian | France (Burgundy) | Actiosaurus gaudryi (144758) | |
| Rhaetian | United Kingdom (England) | Agrosaurus macgillivrayi, Plateosauria indet. (51970) | |
| Rhaetian | Germany (Bayern) | Belodon sp. (48684) | |
| Rhaetian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Plateosauridae indet. (22684) | |
| Rhaetian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Gresslyosaurus robustus, Pachysaurus giganteus, Pachysaurus wetzelianus (22682) Gresslyosaurus sp. (131422) Pachysaurus magnus (48687) | |
| Rhaetian | USA (Utah) | Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (57063 57064) | |
| Rhaetian - Hettangian | South Africa (Free State) | Massospondylus sp. (220075) | |
| Rhaetian - Hettangian | USA (Utah) | Evazoum sp. (57066) | |
| Rhaetian - Early/Lower Jurassic | China (Sichuan) | Plateosauridae indet. (49781) | |
| Early/Lower Jurassic | China (Guizhou) | Anchisaurus sinensis (49780) | |
| Early/Lower Jurassic | Morocco (Ouarzazate) | Otozoum sp., Prosauropoda indet. (206252) | |
| Early/Lower Jurassic | Namibia (Otjozondjupa) | Prosauropoda indet. (143491) | |
| Early/Lower Jurassic | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Massospondylus harriesi (59215) | |
| Early/Lower Jurassic | Namibia (Otjozondupa) | Otozoum moodii (214425) | |
| Hettangian | China (Yunnan) | Gyposaurus sinensis (49501 49503) Prosauropoda indet. (173377) Yimenosaurus youngi (56155) | |
| Hettangian | USA (Colorado) | Otozoum sp. (193011) | |
| Early/Lower Hettangian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Ammosaurus sp. (74208 74212 74215) Otozoum sp. (138976 138977 146189) | |
| Early/Lower Hettangian - Middle Hettangian | Poland (Swietokrzyskie) | Otozoum pollex (56965) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | USA (Connecticut) | Homo sapiens (47200) Otozoum moodii (91574) Prosauropoda indet. (47197) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Lesotho (Quthing) | Kalosauropus masitisii (84063) Pseudotetrasauropus francisci (56003) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Anchisauridae indet. (149713) Massospondylus browni (36687) Reptilia indet. (69614) Thecodontosaurus minor (36701) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Lesotho (Mohale's Hoek) | Melanorosauridae indet. (149710) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | South Africa (Limpopo) | Gigantoscelus molengraaffi (36734) Gryponyx transvaalensis (107181) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Lesotho (Mafeteng) | Melanorosauridae indet. (149709) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | USA (Massachusetts) | Otozoum minus (52985) Otozoum moodii (52994 52995 52998) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | South Africa (Free State) | Dromicosaurus gracilis (36740) Gryponyx africanus, Massospondylus harriesi, Aetonyx palustris (36737) Gryponyx taylori (36736) Leptospondylus sp., Leptospondylus capensis, Pachyspondylus sp., Pachyspondylus orpenii (36741) Massospondylus browni (36672) Thecodontosaurus skirtopodus (36686) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Zimbabwe (Matabeleland South) | Gryponyx africanus (24755) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Zimbabwe (Matabeleland North) | Gryponyx sp., Massospondylus harriesi (57185) Massospondylus harriesi (48392 50824 57184 80188) | |
| Sinemurian | China (Yunnan) | Gyposaurus sinensis (47081 49773 66926 78993) Gyposaurus sinensis, Yunnanosaurus huangi (72091) Prosauropoda indet. (137353) Saurischia indet. (49776) Tawasaurus minor (49778) | |
| Sinemurian | South Africa (Free State) | Aristosaurus erectus (36851) | |
| Late/Upper Sinemurian - Early/Lower Pliensbachian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | Prosauropoda indet. (88592) | |
| Pliensbachian | Lesotho | Anchisauridae indet. (84075 149714) | |
| Pliensbachian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Hortalotarsus skirtopodus (36753) | |
| Pliensbachian | South Africa (Free State) | Hortalotarsus skirtopodus (36751) | |
| Pliensbachian | Lesotho (Leribe) | Kalosauropus pollex (56001) | |
| Pliensbachian - Toarcian | USA (Idaho) | Otozoum sp. (195189) | |
| Pliensbachian - Toarcian | USA (Arizona/Utah) | Otozoum sp. (60455) | |
| Pliensbachian - Toarcian | USA (Utah) | Otozoum sp. (184683 195176 195177 195178 201625 222902 222907) | |
| Pliensbachian - Toarcian | USA (Arizona) | Prosauropoda indet. (38887) |