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Batrachopus deweyi
Taxonomy
Sauroidichnites deweyi was named by Hitchcock (1843). It is considered to be a form taxon. Its type specimen is AC 26/5, 26/6, a footprint, and it is a trace fossil. Its type locality is below Turners Falls, tracksite, which is in a Hettangian/Sinemurian fluvial-lacustrine sandstone/shale in the Portland Formation of Massachusetts. It is the type species of Batrachopus.
It was recombined as Batrachoidichnites deweyi by Hitchcock (1844); it was recombined as Batrachopus deweyanus by Hitchcock (1845), Hay (1902), Hay (1930) and Demathieu (1970); it was recombined as Anisopus deweyanus by Hitchcock (1848), Hitchcock (1855), Hitchcock (1858), Deane (1861) and Lyman (1894); it was recombined as Anisichnus deweyanus by Hitchcock (1871), Hitchcock (1889) and Hitchcock (1898); it was recombined as Batrachopus deweyi by Lull (1904), Lull (1915), Lull (1917), Lull (1953), Kuhn (1963), Lapparent and Montenat (1967), Haubold (1969), Haubold (1971), Demathieu and Haubold (1974), Olsen (1980), Olsen and Galton (1984), Olsen and Padian (1986), Demathieu and Sciau (1992), Demathieu (1993), Demathieu et al. (2002), Demathieu (2003), Gand et al. (2005), Hunt and Lucas (2006), Gallagher and Hanczaryk (2006), Hunt and Lucas (2006), Rainforth (2007), Moreau et al. (2019), Kim et al. (2020) and Klein and Lucas (2021).
It was recombined as Batrachoidichnites deweyi by Hitchcock (1844); it was recombined as Batrachopus deweyanus by Hitchcock (1845), Hay (1902), Hay (1930) and Demathieu (1970); it was recombined as Anisopus deweyanus by Hitchcock (1848), Hitchcock (1855), Hitchcock (1858), Deane (1861) and Lyman (1894); it was recombined as Anisichnus deweyanus by Hitchcock (1871), Hitchcock (1889) and Hitchcock (1898); it was recombined as Batrachopus deweyi by Lull (1904), Lull (1915), Lull (1917), Lull (1953), Kuhn (1963), Lapparent and Montenat (1967), Haubold (1969), Haubold (1971), Demathieu and Haubold (1974), Olsen (1980), Olsen and Galton (1984), Olsen and Padian (1986), Demathieu and Sciau (1992), Demathieu (1993), Demathieu et al. (2002), Demathieu (2003), Gand et al. (2005), Hunt and Lucas (2006), Gallagher and Hanczaryk (2006), Hunt and Lucas (2006), Rainforth (2007), Moreau et al. (2019), Kim et al. (2020) and Klein and Lucas (2021).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1837 | Ornithichnites parvulus Hitchcock p. 175 |
1841 | Palamopus palmatus Hitchcock |
1843 | Ornithoidichnites rogersi Hitchcock p. 256 |
1843 | Sauroidichnites deweyi Hitchcock p. 261 figs. Pl. 11:9 |
1844 | Batrachoidichnites deweyi Hitchcock p. 308 |
1845 | Batrachopus parvulus Hitchcock |
1845 | Palamopus palmatus Hitchcock |
1845 | Sillimanius rogersianus Hitchcock p. 24 |
1845 | Batrachopus deweyanus Hitchcock p. 25 |
1848 | Anisopus deweyanus Hitchcock p. 226 |
1848 | Macropterna rhynchosauroidea Hitchcock p. 233 figs. Pl. 15:9 |
1855 | Anisopus deweyanus Hitchcock p. 394 |
1858 | Anisopus deweyanus Hitchcock p. 60 |
1858 | Orthodactylus floriferus Hitchcock p. 114 |
1858 | Orthodactylus introvergens Hitchcock p. 114 |
1858 | Antipus flexiloquus Hitchcock p. 115 |
1858 | Orthodactylus linearis Hitchcock p. 115 |
1858 | Stenodactylus curvatus Hitchcock p. 116 |
1858 | Arachichnus dehiscens Hitchcock p. 117 |
1858 | Macropterna vulgaris Hitchcock p. 128 |
1858 | Macropterna gracilipes Hitchcock p. 129–130 |
1858 | Cheirotheroides pilulatus Hitchcock p. 130 figs. Pl. 23:4 |
1858 | Chelonoides incedens Hitchcock p. 140 |
1858 | Exocampe arcta Hitchcock p. 142 |
1858 | Exocampe ornata Hitchcock p. 143 |
1861 | Orthodactylus floriferus Deane p. 45 |
1861 | Anisopus deweyanus Deane p. 46 |
1861 | Macropterna gracilipes Deane p. 47 |
1861 | Macropterna vulgaris Deane p. 47 |
1861 | Exocampe arcta Deane p. 57 |
1861 | Exocampe ornata Deane p. 57 |
1861 | Orthodactylus linearis Deane p. 57 |
1862 | Exocampe minimus Hitchcock p. 86 |
1865 | Exocampe minima Hitchcock p. 11 figs. Pl. 18:3 |
1871 | Anisichnus deweyanus Hitchcock p. xxi |
1871 | Antipus flexiloquus Hitchcock p. xxi |
1871 | Arachichnus dehiscens Hitchcock p. xxi |
1871 | Cheirotheroides pilulatus Hitchcock p. xxi |
1871 | Chelonioides incedens Hitchcock p. xxi |
1871 | Exocampe arcta Hitchcock p. xxi |
1871 | Exocampe minima Hitchcock p. xxi |
1871 | Exocampe ornata Hitchcock p. xxi |
1871 | Macropterna gracilipes Hitchcock p. xxi |
1871 | Macropterna vulgaris Hitchcock p. xxi |
1871 | Orthodactylus floriferus Hitchcock p. xxi |
1871 | Orthodactylus introvergens Hitchcock p. xxi |
1871 | Orthodactylus linearis Hitchcock p. xxi |
1871 | Stenodactylus curvatus Hitchcock p. xxi |
1889 | Anisichnus deweyanus Hitchcock p. 119 |
1889 | Antipus flexiloquus Hitchcock p. 119 |
1889 | Arachichnus dehiscens Hitchcock p. 119 |
1889 | Cheirotheroides pilulatus Hitchcock p. 119 |
1889 | Chelonoides incedens Hitchcock p. 119 |
1889 | Exocampe arcta Hitchcock p. 119 |
1889 | Exocampe minima Hitchcock p. 119 |
1889 | Exocampe ornata Hitchcock p. 119 |
1889 | Macropterna gracilipes Hitchcock p. 119 |
1889 | Macropterna vulgaris Hitchcock p. 119 |
1889 | Orthodactylus floriferus Hitchcock p. 119 |
1889 | Orthodactylus introvergens Hitchcock p. 119 |
1889 | Orthodactylus linearis Hitchcock p. 119 |
1889 | Stenodactylus curvatus Hitchcock p. 119 |
1894 | Anisopus deweyanus Lyman p. 205 |
1894 | Arachichnus dehiscens Lyman p. 206 |
1894 | Cheirotheroides pilulatus Lyman p. 206 |
1894 | Chelonoides incedens Lyman p. 206 |
1894 | Exocampe arcta Lyman p. 206 |
1894 | Exocampe ornata Lyman p. 206 |
1894 | Macropterna gracilipes Lyman p. 206 |
1894 | Macropterna vulgaris Lyman p. 206 |
1894 | Orthodactylus floriferus Lyman p. 206 |
1894 | Orthodactylus introvergens Lyman p. 206 |
1894 | Orthodactylus linearis Lyman p. 206 |
1894 | Stenodactylus curvatus Lyman p. 206 |
1895 | Stenodactylus curvatus Lyman figs. Pl. 609 |
1898 | Anisichnus deweyanus Hitchcock p. 402 |
1898 | Antipus flexiloquus Hitchcock p. 402 |
1898 | Arachichnus dehiscens Hitchcock p. 402 |
1898 | Cheirotheroides pilulatus Hitchcock p. 402 |
1898 | Exocampe arcta Hitchcock p. 402 |
1898 | Exocampe minima Hitchcock p. 402 |
1898 | Exocampe ornata Hitchcock p. 402 |
1898 | Macropterna gracilipes Hitchcock p. 402 |
1898 | Macropterna vulgaris Hitchcock p. 402 |
1898 | Orthodactylus floriferus Hitchcock p. 402 |
1898 | Orthodactylus introvergens Hitchcock p. 402 |
1898 | Orthodactylus linearis Hitchcock p. 402 |
1898 | Stenodactylus curvatus Hitchcock p. 402 |
1902 | Antipus flexiloquus Hay p. 540 |
1902 | Arachichnus dehiscens Hay p. 540 |
1902 | Batrachopus deweyanus Hay p. 541 |
1902 | Cheirotheroides pilulatus Hay p. 541 |
1902 | Chelonoides incedens Hay p. 542 |
1902 | Exocampe arcta Hay p. 544 |
1902 | Exocampe minima Hay p. 544 |
1902 | Exocampe ornata Hay p. 544 |
1902 | Orthodactylus floriferus Hay p. 547 |
1902 | Orthodactylus introvergens Hay p. 547 |
1902 | Orthodactylus linearis Hay p. 547 |
1902 | Palamopus gracilipes Hay p. 548 |
1902 | Palamopus rogersianus Hay p. 548 |
1902 | Stenodactylus curvatus Hay p. 551 |
1904 | Batrachopus deweyi Lull p. 483 |
1904 | Chelonoides incedens Lull pp. 529-530 |
1904 | Palamopus gracilipes Lull p. 533 |
1904 | Palamopus rogersianus Lull p. 533 |
1904 | Exocampe arcta Lull p. 534 |
1904 | Exocampe minima Lull pp. 534-535 |
1904 | Exocampe ornata Lull p. 534 |
1904 | Orthodactylus floriferus Lull p. 535 |
1904 | Orthodactylus introvergens Lull p. 535 |
1904 | Antipus flexiloquus Lull p. 536 |
1904 | Orthodactylus linearis Lull p. 536 |
1904 | Sustenodactylus curvatus Lull p. 537 |
1904 | Arachichnus dehiscens Lull p. 539 |
1915 | Batrachopus deweyi Lull p. 175 |
1915 | Cheirotheroides pilulatus Lull p. 179 |
1917 | Batrachopus deweyi Lull p. 113 |
1917 | Cheirotheroides pilulatus Lull p. 114 |
1917 | Chelonoides incedens Lull p. 123 |
1917 | Exocampe arcta Lull p. 124 |
1917 | Exocampe minima Lull p. 124 |
1917 | Exocampe ornata Lull p. 124 |
1917 | Palamopus gracilipes Lull p. 124 |
1917 | Palamopus palmatus Lull p. 124 |
1917 | Palamopus rogersi Lull p. 124 |
1917 | Antipus flexiloquus Lull p. 125 |
1917 | Orthodactylus floriferus Lull p. 125 |
1917 | Orthodactylus introvergens Lull p. 125 |
1917 | Orthodactylus linearis Lull p. 125 |
1917 | Sustenodactylus curvatus Lull p. 125 |
1917 | Arachichnus dehiscens Lull p. 126 |
1927 | Orthodactylus floriferus Hitchcock and Grier p. 194 |
1927 | Palamopus gracilipes Hitchcock and Grier p. 194 |
1930 | Antipus flexiloquus Hay p. 5 |
1930 | Arachichnus dehiscens Hay p. 5 |
1930 | Batrachopus deweyanus Hay p. 8 |
1930 | Cheirotheroides pilulatus Hay p. 8 |
1930 | Chelonoides incedens Hay p. 9 |
1930 | Exocampe arcta Hay p. 12 |
1930 | Exocampe minima Hay p. 12 |
1930 | Exocampe ornata Hay p. 12 |
1930 | Orthodactylus floriferus Hay p. 16 |
1930 | Orthodactylus introvergens Hay p. 17 |
1930 | Orthodactylus linearis Hay p. 17 |
1930 | Palamopus gracilipes Hay p. 18 |
1930 | Palamopus palmatus Hay p. 18 |
1930 | Palamopus rogersianus Hay p. 18 |
1930 | Sustenodactylus curvatus Hay p. 21 |
1953 | Batrachopus deweyi Lull p. 237 |
1963 | Batrachopus deweyi Kuhn p. 66 |
1967 | Batrachopus deweyi Lapparent and Montenat p. 13 |
1969 | Batrachopus deweyi Haubold p. 98 fig. 7 |
1969 | Cheirotheroides pilulatus Haubold p. 98 fig. 7 |
1970 | Batrachopus deweyanus Demathieu p. 124 |
1971 | Batrachopus deweyi Haubold p. 61 |
1971 | Cheirotheroides pilulatus Haubold p. 62 |
1974 | Batrachopus deweyi Demathieu and Haubold p. 62 |
1974 | Cheirotheroides pilulatus Haubold p. 131 |
1980 | Batrachopus deweyi Olsen p. 32 |
1984 | Batrachopus deweyi Olsen and Galton p. 98 fig. 4 |
1986 | Batrachopus deweyi Olsen and Padian p. 261 |
1986 | Batrachopus parvulus Olsen and Padian p. 261 |
1992 | Batrachopus deweyi Demathieu and Sciau p. 1561 |
1993 | Batrachopus deweyi Demathieu p. 232 |
2002 | Batrachopus deweyi Demathieu et al. p. 12 |
2003 | Batrachopus deweyi Demathieu p. 59 |
2005 | Batrachopus deweyi Gand et al. p. 32 |
2006 | Batrachopus deweyi Gallagher and Hanczaryk p. 240 |
2006 | Batrachopus deweyi Hunt and Lucas p. 165 |
2007 | Batrachopus deweyi Rainforth p. 54 |
2019 | Batrachopus deweyi Moreau et al. p. 346 |
2020 | Batrachopus deweyi Kim et al. p. 4 |
2021 | Batrachopus deweyi Klein and Lucas p. 52 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Batrachopus deweyi Hitchcock 1843
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Invalid names: Antipus flexiloquus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Arachichnus dehiscens Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Batrachopus parvulus Hitchcock 1837 [synonym], Cheirotheroides pilulatus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Chelonoides incedens Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Exocampe arcta Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Exocampe minima Hitchcock 1862 [synonym], Exocampe ornata Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Orthodactylus floriferus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Orthodactylus introvergens Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Orthodactylus linearis Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Palamopus gracilipes Hitchcock 1858 [synonym], Palamopus palmatus Hitchcock 1845 [synonym], Palamopus rogersi Hitchcock 1843 [synonym], Sustenodactylus curvatus Hitchcock 1858 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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H. Klein and S. G. Lucas 2021 | Trackways of a quadruped with relatively low pace angulation. Pes imprints are functionally tetradactyl and digitigrade, with moderately spread digits. Digit III is longest, and digit I shortest. Digit V is reduced to an oval pad posterior to and nearly in line with digit III. The manus is pentadactyl and shows a wide digit divarication. It is strongly rotated outward relative to the pes, with digit V pointing backward. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: subo = suborder, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Benton 1983, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range: base of the Rhaetian to the top of the Hettangian or 208.50000 to 199.30000 Ma
Collections (17 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Rhaetian | USA (New Jersey) | Batrachopus deweyi (194093) | |
Rhaetian - Hettangian | USA (Arizona) | Batrachopus deweyi (137291) | |
Hettangian | USA (Massachusetts) | Anisopus deweyanus, Antipus flexiloquus, Chelonoides incedens, Macropterna gracilipes, Macropterna vulgaris, Exocampe arcta, Exocampe ornata, Orthodactylus floriferus, Orthodactylus introvergens (52986) | |
Hettangian | USA (Utah) | Batrachopus sp. (56131 121305) | |
Hettangian | USA (Connecticut) | Batrachopus deweyi (51257) | |
Hettangian | France (Region Midi-Pyrenees) | Batrachopus deweyi (31306) | |
Hettangian - Sinemurian | USA (Massachusetts) | Anisopus deweyanus (52994) Anisopus deweyanus, Orthodactylus linearis, Stenodactylus curvatus, Arachichnus dehiscens, Exocampe minima (52987) Batrachopus deweyi (52999) Batrachopus deweyi, Macropterna vulgaris (52995) Exocampe ornata (52998) Macropterna rhynchosauroidea, Macropterna vulgaris, Ornithoidichnites rogersi (52985) Sauroidichnites deweyi, Palamopus gracilipes, Macropterna vulgaris, Exocampe arcta, Exocampe ornata, Palamopus palmatus, Palamopus rogersi (type locality: 52996) | |
Hettangian - Sinemurian | USA (Connecticut) | Anisopus deweyanus (53033) Exocampe ornata (53000) Macropterna rhynchosauroidea, Macropterna vulgaris, Exocampe ornata, Arachichnus dehiscens, Palamopus rogersi (53023) |