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Palaeophiidae
Taxonomy
Palaeopheidae was named by Lydekker (1888). It is not extant.
It was corrected as Palaeophiidae by Kuhn (1946), Rage et al. (2008), Snetkov and Bannikov (2010), Snetkov (2011), Zvonok and Snetkov (2012), McCartney and Seiffert (2016), Georgalis (2023) and Garberoglio et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Serpentes by Lydekker (1888); to Cholophidia by Kuhn (1946); to Booidea by Holman and Case (1988), Holman et al. (1991) and Parmley and Reed (2003); to Alethinophidia by Parmley and DeVore (2005) and Head et al. (2005); to Acrochordoidea by Snetkov and Bannikov (2010), Snetkov (2011) and Zvonok and Snetkov (2012); to Alethinophidia by McCartney and Seiffert (2016); and to Serpentes by Rage et al. (2008), Georgalis (2023) and Garberoglio et al. (2024).
It was corrected as Palaeophiidae by Kuhn (1946), Rage et al. (2008), Snetkov and Bannikov (2010), Snetkov (2011), Zvonok and Snetkov (2012), McCartney and Seiffert (2016), Georgalis (2023) and Garberoglio et al. (2024).
It was assigned to Serpentes by Lydekker (1888); to Cholophidia by Kuhn (1946); to Booidea by Holman and Case (1988), Holman et al. (1991) and Parmley and Reed (2003); to Alethinophidia by Parmley and DeVore (2005) and Head et al. (2005); to Acrochordoidea by Snetkov and Bannikov (2010), Snetkov (2011) and Zvonok and Snetkov (2012); to Alethinophidia by McCartney and Seiffert (2016); and to Serpentes by Rage et al. (2008), Georgalis (2023) and Garberoglio et al. (2024).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1888 | Palaeopheidae Lydekker |
| 1946 | Palaeophiidae Kuhn p. 62 |
| 1988 | Palaeopheidae Holman and Case p. 329 |
| 1991 | Palaeopheidae Holman et al. p. 1 |
| 1997 | Palaeophiidae Averianov |
| 2003 | Palaeopheidae Parmley and Reed p. 224 |
| 2005 | Palaeopheidae Head et al. p. 246 |
| 2005 | Palaeopheidae Parmley and DeVore p. 706 |
| 2008 | Palaeophiidae Rage et al. p. 392 |
| 2010 | Palaeophiidae Snetkov and Bannikov p. 698 |
| 2011 | Palaeophiidae Snetkov p. 306 |
| 2012 | Palaeophiidae Zvonok and Snetkov p. 394 |
| 2016 | Palaeophiidae McCartney and Seiffert p. 4 |
| 2023 | Palaeophiidae Georgalis |
| 2024 | Palaeophiidae Garberoglio et al. p. 2 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Palaeophiidae Lydekker 1888
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Subfm. †Archaeophiinae Rage et al. 2003
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G. †Archaeophis Massalongo 1859
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†Archaeophis proavus Massalongo 1859
†Archaeophis turkmenicus Tatarinov 1963
G. †Palaeophis Owen 1841
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†Palaeophis africanus Andrews 1924
†Palaeophis casei Holman 1982
†Palaeophis colossaeus Rage 1983
†Palaeophis ferganicus Averianov 1997
†Palaeophis grandis Marsh 1869
†Palaeophis halidanus Cope 1868
†Palaeophis littoralis Cope 1847
†Palaeophis longus Owen 1849
†Palaeophis maghrebianus Arambourg 1952
†Palaeophis nessovi Averianov 1997
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Invalid names: Palaeophis udovichenkoi Averianov 1997 [synonym]
†Palaeophis oweni de Zigno 1881
†Palaeophis porcatus Owen 1849
†Palaeophis tamdy Averianov 1997
†Palaeophis toliapicus Owen 1841
†Palaeophis typhaeus Owen 1850
†Palaeophis vastaniensis Bajpai and Head 2008
†Palaeophis virginianus Lynn 1934
†Paleophis virginianus Lynn 1934
Invalid names: Dinophis Marsh 1869 [synonym], Nessovophis Averianov 1997 [synonym], Vialovophis Nessov 1984 [synonym]
G. †Pterosphenus Lucas 1898
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†Pterosphenus biswasi Rage et al. 2003
†Pterosphenus kutchensis Rage et al. 2003
†Pterosphenus schucherti Lucas 1898
†Pterosphenus schweinfurthi Andrews 1901
†Pterosphenus sheppardi Hoffstetter 1958
Invalid names: Moeriophis Andrews 1901 [synonym], Pterosphenus muruntau Averianov 1997 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Palaeopheinae Lydekker [empty], Palaeophiinae Lydekker 1888 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Holman 2000 | |||||
Age range: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Late/Upper Eocene or 72.10000 to 33.90000 Ma
Collections (93 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Campanian - Maastrichtian | Sudan | Palaeophiidae indet. (28491) | |
| Maastrichtian | Morocco (Tadla-Azilal) | Palaeophis sp. (136942) | |
| Maastrichtian | Niger (Tahoua) | Palaeophis sp. (104945) | |
| Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene | Colombia (Guajira) | Palaeophiinae indet. (106271) | |
| Thanetian | USA (New Jersey) | Palaeophis littoralis (3113) Pterosphenus schucherti (124965) | |
| Thanetian | USA (Virginia) | Palaeophis virginianus (13186) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | Kazakhstan (Chimkent) | Vialovophis zhylan (48888) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Mississippi) | Palaeophis virginianus, Palaeophis littoralis, Palaeophis casei (161862) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Virginia) | Paleophis virginianus (105244) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene | Denmark | Palaeophis sp. (138441) | |
| Clarkforkian | USA (South Carolina) | Palaeophis sp. (15074) | |
| Ypresian | USA (New Jersey) | Paleophis littoralis (123513) | |
| Ypresian | Kyrgyzstan (Osh) | Palaeophis ferganicus (28490) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Maryland) | Palaeophis grandis (55255) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Virginia) | Palaeophis sp., Palaeophis grandis (13187) | |
| Ypresian | Turkmenistan | Archaeophis turkmenicus (186444) | |
| Ypresian | Mali | Palaeophis colossaeus (48097 114961) | |
| Ypresian | Tajikistan (Khudzhand) | Palaeophis ferganicus (49136) | |
| Ypresian | Morocco (Chaouia-Ouardigha) | Palaeophis maghrebianus (87890) | |
| Ypresian | Mali (Gao) | Palaeophis colossaeus (175262) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Palaeophis longus (13299) Palaeophis toliapicus (76601) | |
| Ypresian | Italy | Archaeophis proavus (55239) | |
| Ypresian | Kazakhstan (Chimkent) | Nessovophis zhylga (49051) | |
| Ypresian | India (Gujarat) | Palaeophis sp., Pterosphenus sp., Palaeophiidae indet., Palaeophis vastaniensis (55494) Palaeophis vastaniensis (180565 180566) | |
| Ypresian | Morocco | Palaeophis maghrebianus (55249 55250) | |
| Eocene | USA (Mississippi) | Palaeophis casei (161750) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Virginia) | Palaeophis virginianus, Palaeophis casei, Palaeophis toliapicus (15595) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Mississippi) | Palaeophis virginianus, Palaeophis littoralis, Palaeophis casei (15719) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Mississippi) | Palaeophis virginianus, Palaeophis littoralis (27622) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | Germany | Palaeophis toliapicus (45802) | |
| MP 10 | France (Picardie) | Palaeophis toliapicus, Palaeophis typhaeus (68440) | |
| Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | Palaeophis porcatus (41847) Palaeophis typhaeus (41989 41992 41998) | |
| Lutetian | Angola (Cabinda) | Pterosphenus schweinfurthi (203528) | |
| Lutetian | USA (New Jersey) | Dinophis grandis (16411) | |
| Lutetian | Togo | Palaeophis africanus (32991) | |
| Lutetian | Angola | Palaeophis africanus (83988) Palaeophis typhaeus (209410) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | Palaeophis virginianus (13346) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (New Jersey) | Palaeophis halidanus (81778) Paleophis sp. (88090) | |
| Middle Eocene | Ukraine | Palaeophis nessovi (113113) | |
| Middle Eocene | Pakistan (Punjab) | Pterosphenus sp. (38498) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Texas) | Palaeophis sp. (37559) | |
| Middle Eocene | Ukraine (Crimea) | Palaeophis taliapicus, Palaeophis nessovi, Palaeophis tamdy (140018) | |
| Late/Upper Uintan | USA (Texas) | Pterosphenus schucherti (16542) | |
| Bartonian | USA (South Carolina) | Pterosphenus schucherti (134300) | |
| Bartonian | Nigeria | Pterosphenus sp. (32905) | |
| Bartonian | Western Sahara | Palaeophiidae indet. (206017 206019) Pterosphenus schweinfurthi (175734) | |
| Bartonian | Ukraine | Palaeophis sp. (113114) | |
| Bartonian | Italy (Verona) | Palaeophis oweni (48159) | |
| Bartonian | United Kingdom (England) | Palaeophis sp. (42636) | |
| Bartonian | Uzbekistan | Nessovophis tamdy, Pterosphenus muruntau (49137) | |
| Bartonian | Myanmar | Pterosphenus sp. (41460) | |
| Bartonian | Kazakhstan | Palaeophis nessovi (113115 113116 113117) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Louisiana) | Pterosphenus schucherti (3534) | |
| Bartonian | Kazakhstan (Mangyshlak) | Palaeophis sp., Palaeophis nessovi (49152) | |
| Bartonian | India (Gujarat) | Pterosphenus sp., Pterosphenus kutchensis, Pterosphenus biswasi (48074 48075) | |
| Bartonian - Late/Upper Eocene | Libya | Pterosphenus schweinfurthi (48077) | |
| Bartonian - Priabonian | USA (Florida) | Palaeophis sp. (81604) | |
| Bartonian - Priabonian | Ukraine | Palaeophis udovichenkoi (49160) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Arkansas) | Pterosphenus schucherti (16549 45641) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Georgia) | Pterosphenus schucherti, Palaeophis africanus (45640) Pterosphenus schucherti, Palaeophis virginianus (27508) | |
| Priabonian | Western Sahara | Pterosphenus sp. (159113) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Alabama) | Pterosphenus schucherti (28983) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Mississippi) | Pterosphenus schucherti (6802) | |
| Priabonian | Egypt | Pterosphenus schweinfurthi (67706 79700) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Louisiana) | Pterosphenus schucherti (55251 75638) | |
| Priabonian | Kazakhstan (Kustanay) | Palaeophis nessovi (49167) | |
| Priabonian | USA (South Carolina) | Pterosphenus schucherti (32908 206946) | |
| Priabonian | Egypt (Fayum) | Moeriophis sp. (74737) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Louisiana) | Pterosphenus schucherti (27623) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Mississippi) | Pterosphenus schucherti (162733) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Ecuador (Santa Elena) | Pterosphenus sheppardi (48076) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Florida) | Pterosphenus schucherti (27641) |