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Plateosauria
Taxonomy
Plateosauria was named by Tornier (1913). It is not extant.
It was reranked as the infraorder Plateosauria by Colbert (1964), Colbert (1970) and Haubold (1974); it was synonymized subjectively with Prosauropoda by Kuhn (1966) and Steel (1970); it was reranked as the unranked clade Plateosauria by Galton and Upchurch (2004), Galton et al. (2005), Upchurch et al. (2007), Smith and Pol (2007), Martínez (2009), Yates (2010), Apaldetti et al. (2011), Novas et al. (2011) and Langer et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Dinosauria by Tornier (1913); to Palaeopoda by Colbert (1964), Colbert (1970) and Haubold (1974); to Saurischia by Zhao (1983); to Prosauropoda by Upchurch et al. (2007); to Prosauropoda by Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Galton (2001), Galton and Upchurch (2004), Galton et al. (2005) and Martínez (2009); to Sauropodomorpha by Smith and Pol (2007), Yates (2010), Apaldetti et al. (2011) and Novas et al. (2011); and to Bagualosauria by Langer et al. (2019).
It was reranked as the infraorder Plateosauria by Colbert (1964), Colbert (1970) and Haubold (1974); it was synonymized subjectively with Prosauropoda by Kuhn (1966) and Steel (1970); it was reranked as the unranked clade Plateosauria by Galton and Upchurch (2004), Galton et al. (2005), Upchurch et al. (2007), Smith and Pol (2007), Martínez (2009), Yates (2010), Apaldetti et al. (2011), Novas et al. (2011) and Langer et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Dinosauria by Tornier (1913); to Palaeopoda by Colbert (1964), Colbert (1970) and Haubold (1974); to Saurischia by Zhao (1983); to Prosauropoda by Upchurch et al. (2007); to Prosauropoda by Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Galton (2001), Galton and Upchurch (2004), Galton et al. (2005) and Martínez (2009); to Sauropodomorpha by Smith and Pol (2007), Yates (2010), Apaldetti et al. (2011) and Novas et al. (2011); and to Bagualosauria by Langer et al. (2019).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1913 | Plateosauria Tornier |
| 1964 | Plateosauria Colbert p. 20 fig. 6 |
| 1970 | Plateosauria Colbert p. 27 |
| 1974 | Plateosauria Haubold p. 41 |
| 1983 | Plateosauria Zhao p. 296 |
| 1997 | Plateosauria Sereno p. 444 |
| 1998 | Plateosauria Sereno p. 63 |
| 1999 | Plateosauria Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2 |
| 2001 | Plateosauria Galton p. 490 |
| 2004 | Plateosauria Galton and Upchurch p. 249 fig. 12.11 |
| 2005 | Plateosauria Galton et al. p. 30 |
| 2007 | Plateosauria Smith and Pol p. 668 fig. 7 |
| 2007 | Plateosauria Upchurch et al. p. 62 fig. 3 |
| 2009 | Plateosauria Martínez p. 162 fig. 22 |
| 2010 | Plateosauria Yates p. 750 |
| 2011 | Plateosauria Apaldetti et al. p. 16 fig. 13 |
| 2011 | Plateosauria Novas et al. p. 341 fig. 4 |
| 2019 | Plateosauria Langer et al. p. 56–57 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Plateosauria Tornier 1913
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Unr. †Anchisauria Galton and Upchurch 2004
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Unr. †Prosauropoda Huene 1920 [prosauropod]
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Fm. †Anchisauridae Marsh 1885 [anchisaurid]
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G. †Ammosaurus Marsh 1891
Invalid names: Amphisauridae Marsh 1882 [synonym], Gryponichidae Huene 1932 [synonym], Palaeosauridae Huene 1932 [synonym]
Fm. †Otozoidae Lull 1904
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G. †Evazoum Nicosia and Loi 2003
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†Evazoum gatewayensis Lockley and Lucas 2013
†Evazoum sirigui Nicosia and Loi 2003
G. †Kalosauropus Ellenberger 1970
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†Kalosauropus masitisii Ellenberger 1970
†Kalosauropus pollex Ellenberger 1970
G. †Otozoum Hitchcock 1847
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†Otozoum caudatum Hitchcock 1871
†Otozoum grandcombensis Gand et al. 2000
†Otozoum minus Lull 1915
†Otozoum moodii Hitchcock 1847
G. †Pseudotetrasauropus Ellenberger 1965
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†Pseudotetrasauropus andusiensis Ellenberger 1965
†Pseudotetrasauropus bipedoida Ellenberger 1970
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Invalid names: Pseudotetrasauropus augustus Ellenberger 1970 [synonym]
†Pseudotetrasauropus corbesiensis Ellenberger 1965
†Pseudotetrasauropus jaquesi Ellenberger 1970
Invalid names: Pseudotetrasauropus lehmani Ellenberger 1965 [nomen nudum], Pseudotetrasauropus mekalingensis Ellenberger 1970 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Aetonyx Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Aetonyx palustris Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Agrosaurus Seeley 1891 [nomen dubium], Aristosaurus Van Hoepen 1920 [nomen dubium], Aristosaurus erectus Van Hoepen 1920 [nomen dubium], Dimodosaurus Pidancet and Chopard 1862 [nomen dubium], Dromicosaurus Van Hoepen 1920 [nomen dubium], Dromicosaurus gracilis Van Hoepen 1920 [nomen dubium], Euskelesauridae Ellenberger 1970 [empty], Euskelosaurus africanus Haughton 1924 [nomen dubium], Fulengia Carroll and Galton 1977 [nomen dubium], Gigantoscelus Van Hoepen 1916 [nomen dubium], Gresslyosaurus Rütimeyer 1856 [nomen dubium], Gryponyx Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Gryponyx africanus Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Gryponyx taylori Haughton 1924 [nomen dubium], Gryponyx transvaalensis Broom 1912 [nomen dubium], Gyposaurus capensis Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Hortalotarsus Seeley 1894 [nomen dubium], Hortalotarsus skirtopodus Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Leptospondylus Owen 1854 [nomen dubium], Massospondylus browni Seeley 1892 [nomen dubium], Massospondylus harriesi Broom 1911 [nomen dubium], Massospondylus schwarzi Haughton 1924 [nomen dubium], Mussauridae Bonaparte and Vince 1979 [empty], Orinosaurus Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Orinosaurus capensis Lydekker 1889 [nomen dubium], Pachysauriscus Kuhn 1959 [nomen dubium], Pachysaurops Huene 1959 [nomen dubium], Pachysaurus Huene 1905 [nomen dubium], Pachyspondylus Owen 1854 [nomen dubium], Plateosauravidae Huene 1929 [empty], Plateosaurus stormbergensis Broom 1915 [nomen dubium], Pseudotetrasauropus acutunguis Ellenberger 1970 [nomen dubium], Pseudotetrasauropus curtus Ellenberger 1972 [nomen dubium], Pseudotetrasauropus elegans Ellenberger 1970 [nomen dubium], Pseudotetrasauropus francisci Ellenberger 1970 [nomen dubium], Tawasaurus Young 1982 [nomen dubium], Teratosaurus trossingensis Huene 1908 [nomen dubium], Thecodontosaurus dubius Haughton 1924 [nomen dubium], Thecodontosaurus minor Haughton 1918 [nomen dubium], Yunnanosauridae Young 1942 [empty], Zanclodon bavaricus Sandberger 1894 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Melanorosauridae Huene 1929 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Peczkis 1995, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Middle Triassic to the top of the Early/Lower Pliensbachian or 247.20000 to 183.00000 Ma
Collections (152 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Triassic | South Africa (Free State) | Rotodactylopus archaeus (206547) | |
| Middle Triassic | Argentina (Mendoza) | Tetrasauropus sp. (59670) | |
| Carnian | Lesotho (Mohale's Hoek) | Pseudotetrasauropus mekalingensis (206555) | |
| Carnian | Italy (Liguria) | Evazoum sirigui (68780) | |
| Carnian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Prosauropoda indet. (107286) | |
| Carnian - Norian | Italy (Veneto) | Prosauropoda indet. (68885) | |
| Carnian - Norian | Lesotho | Otozoum sp. (202704) Senqutrisauropus priscus (84061) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | United Kingdom (Wales) | Otozoum sp. (74806) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | USA (Utah) | Evazoum sp. (229983) Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (219952) Tetrasauropus sp., Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (32300) | |
| Tuvalian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | Evazoum sp. (89860) | |
| Tuvalian - Lacian | Italy (Veneto) | Prosauropoda indet. (68833) | |
| Norian | France (Franche-Comté) | Plateosaurus poligniensis (142750) | |
| Norian | USA (Arizona) | Barrancapus sp. (84187) Prosauropoda indet. (62206) | |
| Norian | Argentina (La Rioja) | Prosauropoda indet. (85568) Strenusaurus procerus (52032) | |
| Norian | USA (Texas) | Prosauropoda indet. (48424) | |
| Norian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Euskelosaurus africanus (36735) | |
| Norian | Switzerland (Graubunden) | Prosauropoda indet. (69623) | |
| Norian | France (Jura) | Dimodosaurus poligniensis (25836 48640 48641) Gresslyosaurus sp. (48643) | |
| Norian | France (Occitanie) | Otozoum grandcombensis (194070) | |
| Norian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Prosauropoda indet. (99815) | |
| Norian | Lesotho (Mohale's Hoek) | Otozoum sp. (56030) Pseudotetrasauropus curtus (206548) | |
| Norian | Lesotho (Maseru) | Otozoum sp., Pseudotetrasauropus augustus, Pseudotetrasauropus acutunguis, Tetrasauropus jaquesi (56029) Tetrasauropus unguiferus, Pseudotetrasauropus elegans (149751) | |
| Norian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (57949) Tetrasauropus sp., Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (222914) | |
| Norian | France (Gard) | Prosauropoda indet. (59290) | |
| Norian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Otozoum minus (55414) | |
| Norian | USA (New Mexico) | Pentasauropus sp. (46560) Prosauropoda indet. (55248) Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (83959 83960 84023) Pseudotetrasauropus sp., Evazoum sirigui (52168) | |
| Norian | Germany (Bayern) | Otozoum sp. (139482) | |
| Norian | Australia (Queensland) | Eubrontes sp. (142852) | |
| Norian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Belodon sp. (48691) Gresslyosaurus robustus (48692) Pachysaurus ajax (48693) | |
| Norian | Italy (Pordenone) | Prosauropoda indet. (55365 55367 69526) | |
| Norian | USA (Colorado) | Prosauropoda indet., Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (55259) | |
| Norian | France | Reptilia indet. (117821) | |
| Norian | France (Rhône-Alpes) | Thecodontosaurus sp. (70425) | |
| Norian - Rhaetian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Orosaurus sp. (36610) Plateosaurus stormbergensis (36739) | |
| Norian - Rhaetian | Slovenia (Gorizia) | Prosauropoda indet. (166211) | |
| Norian - Rhaetian | Thailand (Loei) | Prosauropoda indet. (107182) | |
| Lacian | USA (New Mexico) | Barrancapus cresapi (83958) | |
| Alaunian | Greenland | Evazoum sp. (27008) Prosauropoda indet. (27006) | |
| Alaunian - Sevatian | Switzerland (Graubünden) | Prosauropoda indet. (220114 220115) | |
| Sevatian | Switzerland (Basel-Landschaft) | Dinosaurus gresslyi (47802) | |
| Rhaetian | United Kingdom (England) | Agrosaurus macgillivrayi, Plateosauria indet. (51970) | |
| Rhaetian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Gresslyosaurus robustus, Pachysaurus giganteus, Pachysaurus wetzelianus (22682) Gresslyosaurus sp. (131422) Pachysaurus magnus (48687) | |
| Rhaetian | France (Burgundy) | Actiosaurus gaudryi (144758) | |
| Rhaetian | Germany (Bayern) | Belodon sp. (48684) | |
| Rhaetian | France (Champagne-Ardennes) | Zanclodon sp. (139922) | |
| Rhaetian | USA (Utah) | Pseudotetrasauropus sp. (57063 57064) | |
| Rhaetian | Belgium (Gaume) | Prosauropoda indet. (68882 139198 139199 139202) | |
| Rhaetian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Plateosauridae indet. (22684) | |
| Rhaetian - Hettangian | South Africa (Free State) | Massospondylus sp. (220075) | |
| Rhaetian - Hettangian | USA (Utah) | Evazoum sp. (57066) | |
| Rhaetian - Early/Lower Jurassic | China (Sichuan) | Plateosauridae indet. (49781) | |
| Early/Lower Jurassic | Namibia (Otjozondjupa) | Prosauropoda indet. (143491) | |
| Early/Lower Jurassic | Morocco (Ouarzazate) | Otozoum sp., Prosauropoda indet. (206252) | |
| Early/Lower Jurassic | South Africa (Northern Cape) | Massospondylus harriesi (59215) | |
| Early/Lower Jurassic | Namibia (Otjozondupa) | Otozoum moodii (214425) | |
| Early/Lower Jurassic | China (Guizhou) | Anchisaurus sinensis (49780) | |
| Hettangian | USA (Colorado) | Otozoum sp. (193011) | |
| Hettangian | China (Yunnan) | Gyposaurus sinensis (49501 49503) Prosauropoda indet. (173377) Yimenosaurus youngi (56155) | |
| Early/Lower Hettangian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Ammosaurus sp. (74208 74212 74215) Otozoum sp. (138976 138977 146189) | |
| Early/Lower Hettangian - Middle Hettangian | Poland (Swietokrzyskie) | Otozoum pollex (56965) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | South Africa (Limpopo) | Gigantoscelus molengraaffi (36734) Gryponyx transvaalensis (107181) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | South Africa (Free State) | Dromicosaurus gracilis (36740) Gryponyx africanus, Massospondylus harriesi, Aetonyx palustris (36737) Gryponyx taylori (36736) Leptospondylus sp., Leptospondylus capensis, Pachyspondylus sp., Pachyspondylus orpenii (36741) Massospondylus browni (36672) Thecodontosaurus skirtopodus (36686) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Lesotho (Mohale's Hoek) | Melanorosauridae indet. (149710) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Zimbabwe (Matabeleland South) | Gryponyx africanus (24755) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Zimbabwe (Matabeleland North) | Gryponyx sp., Massospondylus harriesi (57185) Massospondylus harriesi (48392 50824 57184 80188) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | USA (Connecticut) | Homo sapiens (47200) Otozoum moodii (91574) Prosauropoda indet. (47197) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | USA (Massachusetts) | Otozoum minus (52985) Otozoum moodii (52994 52995 52998) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Lesotho (Mafeteng) | Melanorosauridae indet. (149709) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Anchisauridae indet. (149713) Massospondylus browni (36687) Reptilia indet. (69614) Thecodontosaurus minor (36701) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | Lesotho (Quthing) | Kalosauropus masitisii (84063) Pseudotetrasauropus francisci (56003) | |
| Sinemurian | China (Yunnan) | Gyposaurus sinensis (47081 49773 66926 78993) Gyposaurus sinensis, Yunnanosaurus huangi (72091) Prosauropoda indet. (137353) Saurischia indet. (49776) Tawasaurus minor (49778) | |
| Sinemurian | South Africa (Free State) | Aristosaurus erectus (36851) | |
| Late/Upper Sinemurian - Early/Lower Pliensbachian | Italy (Trentino-Alto Adige) | Prosauropoda indet. (88592) | |
| Pliensbachian | South Africa (Free State) | Hortalotarsus skirtopodus (36751) | |
| Pliensbachian | Lesotho | Anchisauridae indet. (84075 149714) | |
| Pliensbachian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Hortalotarsus skirtopodus (36753) | |
| Pliensbachian | Lesotho (Leribe) | Kalosauropus pollex (56001) | |
| Pliensbachian - Toarcian | USA (Arizona) | Ammosaurus major (47191) Prosauropoda indet. (38887) | |
| Pliensbachian - Toarcian | USA (Utah) | Otozoum sp. (184683 195176 195177 195178 201625 222902 222907) | |
| Pliensbachian - Toarcian | USA (Arizona/Utah) | Otozoum sp. (60455) | |
| Pliensbachian - Toarcian | USA (Idaho) | Otozoum sp. (195189) |