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Turridae (turrid)

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Turridae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1840Turridae Swainson
1923Turritidae Clark and Arnold p. 157
1931Turridae Olsson p. 118
1938Turridae Turner p. 68
1941Turritidae Stephenson p. 369
1947Turridae Harris and Palmer p. 414
1957Turridae Rivera p. 186
1964Turridae Sohl p. 274
1970Turridae Addicott p. 127
1976Turridae Hickman p. 33
1977Turridae Adegoke p. 183
1980Turridae Hickman p. 80
1984Turridae Squires p. 36
1987Turridae Squires p. 47
1987Turridae Ward and Blackwelder p. 132
1988Turridae Ponder and Warén p. 307
1988Turridae Squires p. 16
1994Turridae Wilson p. 181
1996Turridae Sysoev p. 22
1998Turridae Beesley p. 847
1999Turridae Squires p. 21
2001Turridae Harzhauser and Mandic p. 714
2001Turridae Todd
2004Turridae Stilwell et al. p. 48
2005Turridae Bouchet et al. p. 256
2007Turridae Harzhauser p. 109
2007Turridae Wienrich and Janssen p. 654
2011Turridae Bouchet et al. pp. 296 - 297

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
RankNameAuthor
subclassCaenogastropoda(Cox 1959)
Sorbeoconcha(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
Hypsogastropoda(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorderLatrogastropodaRiedel 2000
orderNeogastropodaThiele 1929
superfamilyConoidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyTurridaeSwainson 1840
familyTurridaeSwainson 1840

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Turridae Swainson 1840 [turrid]
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G. †Adelocythara Woodring 1928
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Adelocythara primolevis Woodring 1928
G. †Amekicythara Eames 1957
G. †Amuletum Stephenson 1941
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Subg. Amuletum (Amuletum) Stephenson 1941
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Subg. †Amuletum (Lutema) Stephenson 1941
Amuletum costatum Sohl 1964
Amuletum fasciolatum Wade 1926
G. †Andicula
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Andicula colombiana Etayo-Serna 1979
Andicula occidentalis Woods 1922
Andicula olssoni Rivera 1957
G. Awateria Suter 1917
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Awateria retifera Gabb 1860
G. †Beretra Stephenson 1941
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Beretra gracilis Wade 1926
Beretra preclara Sohl 1964
Beretra ripleyana Conrad 1858
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Invalid names: Fusimilis ripleanus Conrad [synonym]
Beretra speciosa Sohl 1964
Subfm. Borsoniinae Bellardi 1875
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G. Aoteadrillia Powell 1942
G. Aphanitoma Bellardi 1875
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Aphanitoma fransi Janssen 1972
Aphanitoma quadricincta Cossmann 1883
G. Ophiodermella Bartsch 1944
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Moniliopsis incisa quinquecincta Grant, IV and Gale 1931
Ophiodermella cancellata Carpenter 1864
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Invalid names: Moniliopsis chacei Berry 1941 [synonym]
Ophiodermella graciosana Arnold 1908
Ophiodermella incisa Carpenter 1863
Ophiodermella olympicensis Addicott 1976
Ophiodermella temblorensis Anderson and Martin 1914
G. †Tomopleura Casey 1904
+
Subg. Tomopleura (Maoritomella) Powell 1942
Subg. †Tomopleura (Tomopleura) Casey 1904
G. †Cochlespirella Casey 1903
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Cochlespirella insignifica Heilprin 1879
G. †Cochlespiropsis Casey 1904
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Cochlespiropsis jenkinsi Squires 2001
G. Cryptogemma Dall 1918
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Cryptogemma senex Frassinetti and Covacevich 1995
G. Decollidrillia Habe and Ito 1965
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Decollidrillia strongi Arnold 1903
Subfm. Drilliinae Olsson 1964
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G. †Boreodrillia Sorgenfrei 1958
G. Brachytoma Swainson 1840
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Drillia (Brachytoma) buddhaica Vredenburg 1921
Drillia (Brachytoma) convexa Vredenburg 1921
Drillia (Brachytoma) gautama Vredenburg 1921
Drillia (Brachytoma) pinfoldi Vredenburg 1921
Drillia (Brachytoma) sarasvati Vredenburg 1921
Drillia (Brachytoma) yabei Vredenburg 1921
G. †Nitidiclavus Bernasconi and Robba 1984
G. Tylotiella Habe 1958
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Tylotiella sacra Reeve 1845
Subfm. Drillinae Olsson 1964
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G. †Austroclavus Powell 1942
G. Dallora Olsson 1964
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Dallora agina Olsson 1942
Dallora ecuadoria Olsson 1964
G. †Pachyturris Olsson 1964
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Pachyturris carissa Olsson 1964
G. †Eopleurotoma Cossmann 1889
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Eopleurotoma albirupsis Harris and Palmer 1947
Eopleurotoma bicatena Lamarck 1804
Eopleurotoma carya Harris 1937
Eopleurotoma cedilla Edwards 1861
Eopleurotoma comma Edwards 1861
Eopleurotoma expidita Deshayes 1865
Eopleurotoma gentilis Sowerby in Dixon 1850
Eopleurotoma julia Cooke 1926
Eopleurotoma lima Edwards 1861
Eopleurotoma nigeriensis Newton 1922
Eopleurotoma obscurata Edwards 1861
Eopleurotoma ornata Hickman 1976
Eopleurotoma paracasina Rivera 1957
Eopleurotoma paytensis Olsson 1930
Eopleurotoma prestwichii Edwards 1861
Eopleurotoma rotella Edwards 1861
Eopleurotoma sayi Lea 1833
Eopleurotoma scalarata Deshayes 1860
Eopleurotoma wetherellii Edwards 1861
Eopleurotoma wiedeyi Olsson 1930
Invalid names: Eoturris Finlay and Marwick 1937 [synonym]
G. †Eosurcula Casey 1904
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Eosurcula capayana Vokes 1939
Eosurcula cohni Dickerson 1915
Eosurcula inconstans Cooper 1894
Eosurcula moorei Gabb 1860
Eosurcula stena Edwards 1857
G. †Epalxis Cossmann 1889
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Subg. †Epalxis (Epalxis) Cossmann 1889
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Epalxis kempi Jeffery and Tracey 1997
G. Epidirella Iredale 1931
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Invalid names: Austrogemmula Laseron 1954 [synonym]
G. †Fusimilis Stephenson 1941
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Fusimilis kummeli Sohl 1964
Fusimilis novemcostatus Conrad 1858
Fusimilis proxima Wade 1926
Fusimilis tippanus Conrad 1858
G. Gemmula Weinkauff 1875
+
+
Coronia carmenensis Anderson 1928
Coronia childreni Lea 1833
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Invalid names: Pleurotoma denticulata Edwards 1860 [synonym], Surcula acutirostra Conrad 1854 [synonym]
Coronia conjuncta Casey 1904
Coronia montomeryensis Harris 1937
Coronia nodulina Casey 1904
Coronia weisbordi Harris 1937
Gemmula (Coronia) ludonorma Harris and Palmer 1947
Subg. Gemmula (Gemmula) Weinkauff 1875
Subg. †Gemmula (Pinguigemmula) MacNeil 1960
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Pinguigemmula okinavensis MacNeil 1960
Gemmula alazana Cooke 1928
Gemmula amica Casey 1903
Gemmula bentsonae Durham 1944
Gemmula congener Smith 1894
Gemmula crenulata Lamarck 1804
Gemmula cretacea Sohl 1964
Gemmula diabloensis Clark and Woodford 1927
Gemmula fasteni Weaver and Palmer 1922
Gemmula gajensis Vredenburg 1925
Gemmula guindana Merriam and Turner 1937
Gemmula hindsiana Berry 1958
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Invalid names: Pleurotoma gemmata Reeve 1843 [replaced]
Gemmula imitatrix Martin 1916
Gemmula machapoorensis Maury 1925
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Invalid names: Hemipleurotoma bitropis Gardner 1938 [synonym], Turris brassoensis Mansfield 1925 [synonym]
Gemmula macrobia Edwards 1861
Gemmula mekranica Vredenburg 1925
Gemmula mexa Cooke 1928
Gemmula monerma Edwards 1861
Gemmula plebeia Sowerby in Dixon 1850
Gemmula plentopsis Harris and Palmer 1947
Gemmula rockcreekensis Hickman 1976
Gemmula sindiensis Vredenburg 1925
Gemmula tumata Hanna 1927
Gemmula vaningeni Brown and Pilsbry 1913
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Invalid names: Hemipleurotoma eileta Gardner 1938 [synonym]
Gemmula violeta Hanna 1927
Gemmula wattsi Anderson and Hanna 1925
Turris (Gemmula) birmanica Vredenburg 1921
Turris (Gemmula) thyrsus Vredenburg 1921
Invalid names: Eugemmula Iredale 1931 [synonym], Hemipleurotoma [synonym]
G. Genotia Adams and Adams 1858
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Subg. Genotia (Genotia) Adams and Adams 1853
Genotia birmanica Vredenburg 1921
Genotia cruzensis Ihering 1907
Genotia garrowi Vredenburg 1921
Genotia irravadica Noetling 1895
Genotia peruviana Olsson 1930
Genotia singuensis Vredenburg 1921
Genotia staadti Cossmann 1910
G. †Glabrocythara Fargo 1953
G. †Hemisurcula Casey 1904
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Hemisurcula perexilis Aldrich 1886
G. †Hesperiturris Gardner 1945
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G. Iotyrris Medinskaya and Sysoev 2001
G. Kuroshioturris Shuto 1961
G. †Lepicythara Olsson 1964
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Lepicythara basilissa Gardner 1938
Lepicythara camaronensis Olsson 1964
Lepicythara heptagona Gabb 1873
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Invalid names: Cythara cercadica Maury 1917 [synonym], Cythara costaricensis Olsson 1922 [synonym]
Lepicythara terminula Dall 1890
Lepicythara turrita Mansfield 1930
Lepicythara veracruzana Perrilliat 1973
G. Lophiotoma Casey 1904
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Subg. Lophiotoma (Lophiotoma) Casey 1904
Lophiotoma abbreviata Reeve 1843
Invalid names: Lophioturris [synonym]
G. Lucerapex Iredale 1936
G. †Lurifax Warén and Bouchet 2001
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Lurifax goederti Kiel 2006
G. †Lutema Stephenson 1941
G. Megasurcula Casey 1904
+
+
Invalid names: Pleurotoma (Dolichotoma) cooperi Arnold 1903 [synonym], Pleurotoma (Surcula) tryoniana Gabb 1866 [synonym]
Megasurcula condonana Anderson and Martin 1914
Megasurcula howei Hanna and Hertlein 1938
Megasurcula keepi Arnold 1907
+
Invalid names: Pleurotoma (Genota) stearnsiana Raymond 1904 [synonym]
G. †Michela Gardner 1945
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Michela trabeatoides Harris 1895
G. †Muteluma Kiel and Bandel 2003
G. †Nasavusavuia Ladd 1982
G. †Pachycythara Woodring 1928
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Pachycythara cryptonata Woodring 1928
G. †Parasyngenochilus Long 1981
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G. Perrona Schumacher 1817
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Clavatula (Perrona) birmanica Vredenburg 1921
Clavatula (Perrona) munga Noetling 1901
Subg. Perrona (Perrona) Schumacher 1817
G. Polystira Woodring 1928
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Polystira albida Perry 1811
Polystira barretti Guppy 1866
Polystira bayeri Petuch 2001
Polystira coltrorum Petuch 1993
Polystira communis Conrad 1830
Polystira ecuadoriana Olsson 1964
Polystira englishi Addicott 1970
Polystira florencae Bartsch 1934
Polystira gruneri Philippi 1848
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Invalid names: Polystira phillipsi Usticke 1969 [synonym]
Polystira haitensis Sowerby 1850
Polystira jelskii Crosse 1865
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Invalid names: Polystira hilli Petuch 1988 [synonym]
Polystira lindae Petuch 1987
Polystira macra Bartsch 1934
Polystira opulenta Jung 1971
Polystira oxytropis Sowerby 1834
Polystira starretti Petuch 2002
Polystira tellea Dall 1889
Polystira tenagos Gardner 1947
Polystira vibex Dall 1889
Polystira virgo Lamarck 1822
Invalid names: Oxytropa Glibert 1955 [synonym]
G. †Procerapex Hickman 1976
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Procerapex bentsonae Durham 1944
G. †Protosurcula Casey 1904
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Protosurcula gabbii Conrad 1865
G. †Pseudoraphitoma Boettger 1895
G. Ptychosyrinx Thiele 1925
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Ptychosyrinx columbiana Anderson and Martin 1914
Ptychosyrinx facula Hickman 1976
Ptychosyrinx hertleini Durham 1944
G. †Remnita Stephenson 1941
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Remnita biacuminata Wade 1926
Remnita hastata Sohl 1964
G. †Scalaturris Brebion 1953
G. †Scobinella Conrad 1848
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Scobinella bartschi Olsson 1930
Scobinella caelata Conrad 1848
Scobinella coelata Conrad 1848
Scobinella ecuadoriana Olsson 1964
Scobinella famelica Casey 1903
Scobinella louisianae Harris 1937
Scobinella meloda Olsson 1931
Scobinella morierei Cossmann 1913
Scobinella newtonensis Aldrich 1911
Scobinella prionota Cooke 1928
Scobinella sculpturata Aldrich 1911
G. Sedilia Fargo 1953
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Sedilia aphanitoma Dall 1892
G. †Sinistrella Meyer 1887
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Subg. †Sinistrella (Infracoronia) Harris and Palmer 1947
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Sinistrella (Infracoronia) ludoviciana Harris and Palmer 1947
Sinistrella americana Aldrich 1885
G. †Sullivania Harris and Palmer 1947
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Sullivania danica Brotzen 1959
Sullivania perexilis Aldrich 1886
G. †Surculites Conrad 1865
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Surculites errans Solander 1766
Surculites kogbei Adegoke 1977
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Invalid names: Bela clathrata Gabb 1869 [synonym], Potamides davisiana Cooper 1894 [synonym]
Surculites sinuatus Gabb 1864
G. †Surculoma Casey 1904
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Trachelochetus desmia Cossmann 1889
Trachelochetus nodosarius Edwards 1861
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Trypanotoma stocki Dickerson 1916
G. †Turridrupa Hedley 1922
Subfm. Turrinae Swainson 1840
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G. Austroturris Laseron 1954
G. †Brachystoma Gardner 1876
G. †Cosmasyrinx Marwick 1931
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Subg. †Cosmasyrinx (Tholitoma) Finlay and Marwick 1937
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Cosmasyrinx (Tholitoma) antarctigera Stilwell et al. 2004
Tholitoma dolorosa Finlay and Marwick 1931
G. Fenimorea Bartsch 1934
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G. Fusiturris Thiele 1929
G. †Globidrillia Woodring 1928
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Globidrillia ula Woodring 1928
G. †Ingaunoturricula Bernasconi and Robba 1984
G. †Insolentia Finlay 1926
G. Micantapex Iredale 1936
G. †Oxyacrum Cossmann 1889
G. †Parasyrinx Finlay 1924
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Subg. †Parasyrinx (Lirasyrinx) Powell 1942
Subg. †Parasyrinx (Parasyrinx) Finlay 1924
Parasyrinx delicata Hickman 1976
Parasyrinx dickersoni Weaver 1916
Parasyrinx hickmani Zinsmeister 1983
Parasyrinx kincaidi Weaver 1916
G. †Pleuroliria Gregario 1890
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Pleuroliria oregonensis Hickman 1976
Pleuroliria waynensis Mansfield 1940
G. Taranis Jeffreys 1870
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G. †Viridoturris Powell 1964
G. Xenoturris Iredale 1929
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Xenoturris millepunctata Sowerby 1909
G. †Turrinosyrinx Hickman 1976
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Turrinosyrinx borgenae Tegland 1933
Turrinosyrinx nodifera Hickman 1976
Turrinosyrinx packardi Weaver 1916
G. Turris Röding 1798
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Subg. Turris (Turris) Röding 1798
Turris adendanii Abbass 1967
Turris ahmedi Abbass 1967
Turris altuscollus Clark 1918
Turris andersoni Dickerson 1913
Turris baudoni Deshayes 1866
Turris burroensis Nelson 1925
Turris carlsoni Anderson and Martin 1914
Turris clallamensis Weaver 1916
Turris cleopatrae Abbass 1967
Turris elsmerensis English 1914
Turris fernandoensis English 1914
Turris garoensis Mukerjee 1939
Turris gilchristi Dey 1961
Turris higoensis Nagao 1928
Turris hornesi Deshayes 1866
Turris inconstans Cooper 1894
Turris kaffraria Woods 1906
Turris kirkensis Clark 1915
Turris lincolnensis Anderson and Martin 1914
Turris lincolnensis Winkle 1918
Turris louderbacki Dickerson 1914
Turris monolifera Cooper 1894
Turris multigyrata Cossmann 1906
Turris plicata Waring 1917
Turris pulchra Dickerson 1915
Turris suturalis Cooper 1894
Turris worcesteri Winkle 1918
Invalid names: Pleurotoma Lamarck 1800 [synonym]
G. Unedogemmula MacNeil 1960
G. †Vaughanites Woodring 1928
+
Vaughanites leptus Woodring 1928
G. Xenuroturris Iredale 1929
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Xenuroturris antiselli Anderson and Martin 1914
Invalid names: Clamturris Iredale 1931 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cryptoconinae [empty], Daphinellinae Deshayes 1863 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
P. Bouchet et al. 2011Shell of medium to large size (usually 20–30 mm, up to 110 mm high), short- to high-fusiform, usually with a high spire and a long (rarely short and truncated) siphonal canal. Axial sculpture weak or absent. Anal sinus on whorl periphery. Protoconch typically multispiral, up to six whorls, protoconch I smooth, protoconch II with arcuate axial riblets; reduced paucispiral protoconch usually smooth, may have arcuate axial riblets. Operculum fully developed, with terminal nucleus. Radular formula typically 1-(1:R:1)-1. Small and narrow rachidian and plate-like laterals are fused together, together constituting a central formation of different development (Kantor, 2006), varying from a well-defined broad central tooth (Fig. 21B) to a tooth clearly formed of three elements (Fig. 21A) through a gradual reduction of rachidian and/or laterals to complete absence (Fig. 21D). Marginals duplex, of variable morphology, from broadly oval and flattened (Fig. 21E, F) with nearly equally developed limbs to awl-shaped and divided only in basal part (Fig. 21A). In most cases, the major limb is large and knife-shaped, while the accessory limb is dorsal and more weakly developed (Fig. 21). In Iotyrris, marginal teeth have equally developed limbs that form a shallow broad trough (Fig. 21D).
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
height65.133.0012.05.003.43

Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: actively mobilef
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: carnivoref
Vision: limitedc
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: Predatory carnivores according to Todd (2001).f
Created: 2009-09-10 08:09:25
Modified: 2009-09-10 10:09:25
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Toarcian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 182.70000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 171.6 Ma

Collections (1700 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Toarcian - Early/Lower Aalenian182.7 - 171.6Chile (Huasco) Pleurotoma sp. (223376)
Berriasian145.0 - 139.8Poland Pachycythara compacta (2094)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Australia (Northern Territory) Amuletum praeturriformis (13946)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Gabon Scalaturris sp. (209530)
Turonian - Santonian93.9 - 83.6USA (California) Amuletum sp. (80943 80944)
Middle Turonian93.5 - 89.3USA (Arizona) Lutema hitzi (53504)
Coniacian89.8 - 86.3Cameroon Pleurotoma faxensis (209666) Pleurotoma faxensis, Turris kaffraria (209692)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6South Africa (Eastern Cape) Muteluma convexa (47109)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1New Zealand (South Island) Pleurotoma sp. (101382)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (North Carolina) Amuletum sp. (7612) Beretra sp. (7610)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Cameroon Scalaturris riedeli (94776)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Texas) Beretra sp. (7513)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Mississippi) Amuletum fasciolatum (32140) Amuletum fasciolatum, Amuletum costatum (32139 32141 32142) Amuletum sp., Amuletum costata, Amuletum fasciolatum, Beretra preclara (6660)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Texas) Amuletum curvocostatum (7580) Beretra contracta, Beretra firma, Amuletum venustum (7481) Beretra firma (7552) Beretra firma, Amuletum boylei, Lutema hubbardi (7472) Beretra firma, Lutema hubbardi, Lutema simpsonensis (7482) Beretra ornatula, Amuletum boylei, Remnita biacuminata (7579)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Delaware) Beretra sp. (6171)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Tennessee) Turris proxima, Turris constricta (88357)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (California) Turris plicata (193033)
Haumurian83.5 - 66.0New Zealand (Canterbury) Pleurotoma sp. (101408 101409)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0USA (Tennessee) Amuletum macnairyensis, Amuletum fasciolatum, Beretra gracilis, Beretra speciosa, Fusimilis proxima, Remnita anomalocostata, Remnita biacuminata (7515)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Russian Federation Amuletum obensis (66565)