PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Actinacis

Anthozoa - Scleractinia - Actinacididae

Taxonomy

Actinacis was named by d'Orbigny (1849) [Sepkoski's age data: K Ceno-l T Mi-l-l Sepkoski's reference number: 2]. It is not extant. Its type is Actinacis martiniana.

It was assigned to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002); and to Actinacididae by Squires and Demetrion (1992), Turnsek (1997), Baron-Szabo (2002) and López-Pérez (2005).

Species

A. alabamensis, A. barretti (syn. A. caribiensis, Goniopora copoyensis), A. cognata, A. elegans, A. haueri, A. magna, A. martiniana (syn. A. parvistella, A. multipartita, A. cymatoclysta) (type species), A. miyakoensis, A. parvulina, A. phineus, A. remesi (syn. Litharaea distans), A. reussi, A. rollei (syn. A. conferta), A. sawkinsi, A. valverdensis

Species lacking formal opinion data

A. delicata, A. maitlandi, A. sumatrensis

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1849	Actinacis d'Orbigny
1992	Actinacis Squires and Demetrion p. 18
1997	Actinacis Turnsek
2002	Actinacis Baron-Szabo p. 100
2002	Actinacis Sepkoski
2005	Actinacis López-Pérez p. 82

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
phylum	Cnidaria	Hatschek 1888
class	Anthozoa	Ehrenberg 1834
—	Hexacorallia	()
order	Scleractinia	Bourne 1900

Rank	Name	Author
suborder	Fungiina	Verrill 1865
superfamily	Poriticae	Gray 1842
family	Actinacididae	Vaughan and Wells 1943
genus	Actinacis	d'Orbigny 1849

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Actinacis d'Orbigny 1849

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†Actinacis alabamensis Vaughan 1900

†Actinacis barretti Wells 1934

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Invalid names: Actinacis caribiensis Frost and Langenheim, Jr. 1974 [synonym], Goniopora copoyensis Frost and Langenheim, Jr. 1974 [synonym]

†Actinacis cognata Oppenheim 1901

†Actinacis elegans Reuss 1854

†Actinacis haueri Reuss 1854

†Actinacis magna Alloiteau 1958

†Actinacis martiniana d’Orbigny 1850

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Invalid names: Actinacis cymatoclysta Felix 1906 [synonym], Actinacis multipartita Oppenheim 1930 [synonym], Actinacis parvistella Oppenheim 1930 [synonym]

†Actinacis miyakoensis Eguchi 1951

†Actinacis parvulina Eliasova 1974

†Actinacis phineus Kolosvary 1956

†Actinacis remesi Felix 1903

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Invalid names: Litharaea distans Felix 1906 [synonym]

†Actinacis reussi Oppenheim 1930

†Actinacis rollei Reuss 1864

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Invalid names: Actinacis conferta Reuss 1868 [synonym]

†Actinacis sawkinsi Wells 1934

†Actinacis valverdensis Wells 1933

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragoniteo

Grouping:

colonialf

Clonal:

yesf

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

stationaryf

Attached:

yesf

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

photosymbioticf

Diet 2:

suspension feederf

Vision:

blindc

Reproduction:

alternatingo

Asexual:

yeso

Dispersal:

watero

Dispersal 2:

planktonico

Created:

2008-02-04 11:28:52

Modified:

2008-02-04 13:28:52

Source: f = family, o = order, c = class

Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Barremian to the top of the Chattian or 129.40000 to 23.03000 Ma

Collections (199 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Cretaceous	145.0 - 66.0	Iran (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari)	A. barretti (233111)
Early/Lower Barremian	130.0 - 125.45	Turkmenistan	A. remesi (91685)
Barremian	129.4 - 125.0	Ukraine	A. remesi (67457)
Barremian - Late/Upper Aptian	129.4 - 113.0	Poland	A. sp. (64107)
Late/Upper Aptian	122.46 - 113.0	Japan (Iwate)	A. miyakoensis (91325)
Early/Lower Aptian	121.4 - 122.46	Poland	A. remesi (69200)
Albian	113.0 - 100.5	USA (Texas)	A. valverdensis (123330)
Cenomanian - Santonian	100.5 - 83.6	Czech Republic	A. cymatoclysta, A. remesi (67562)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	Pakistan	A. sp. (146035) A. sp. A, A. sumatrensis (146037) A. sumatrensis (146034) A. sumatrensis, A. magna (146033)
Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Tunisia	A. sp. (74219)
Youngest occurrences
Time interval	Ma	Country or state	PBDB collection number
Late/Upper Oligocene	28.4 - 23.03	Puerto Rico	A. sp. (45402 45403 45404)
Chattian - Rupelian	28.1 - 28.1	Greece	A. sp. (166723 166724)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Antigua and Barbuda	A. sp. A (203876)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	USA (Georgia)	A. sp., A. alabamensis (71115)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	China	A. sp. (223349)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Saudi Arabia	A. sp. (34408)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Iran	A. rollei (41076)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Mexico (Chiapas)	Porites anguillensis (31271)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Antigua and Barbuda (Antigua)	A. alabamensis (124537) A. sp. A (203881 203918)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	Italy	A. rollei (27540 27541 27542 27545 27546 36251) A. sp. (25370 25372 25374 69702 211273 211274 211275 211276 211277)