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Ficoidea
Taxonomy
Ficoidea was named by Meek (1864) [m. kosnik taxon no: 9966]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Hypsogastropoda by Harzhauser (2004); to Littorinimorpha by Todd (2001), Jeffery (2003) and Bouchet et al. (2005); to Caenogastropoda by Squires (2014); and to Latrogastropoda by Bouchet et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Hypsogastropoda by Harzhauser (2004); to Littorinimorpha by Todd (2001), Jeffery (2003) and Bouchet et al. (2005); to Caenogastropoda by Squires (2014); and to Latrogastropoda by Bouchet et al. (2017).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1864 | Ficoidea Meek |
| 2001 | Ficoidea Todd |
| 2003 | Ficoidea Jeffery |
| 2004 | Ficoidea Harzhauser p. 135 |
| 2005 | Ficoidea Bouchet et al. p. 250 |
| 2014 | Ficoidea Squires p. 4 |
| 2017 | Ficoidea Bouchet et al. p. 347 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. Ficoidea Meek 1864
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Fm. Ficidae Meek 1864 [fig shell]
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G. †Austroficopsis Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
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†Austroficopsis seymourensis Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
†Austroficopsis wimani Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
G. Ficus Röding 1798
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Subg. †Ficus (Trophosycon) Cooper 1894
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†Trophosycon clallamense Weaver 1912
†Trophosycon ocoyanum Conrad 1855
†Ficus affinis Van Winkle 1919
†Ficus aligera Lesquereux 1892
†Ficus allenmanae DeVries 1997
Ficus angustata Miquel 1848
†Ficus bernardi Beu 2010
†Ficus carolina d'Orbigny 1847
†Ficus carriacouensis Trechmann 1935
†Ficus chehalisensis Weaver 1916
†Ficus chinguensis Clark and Durham 1946
†Ficus chiraensis Olsson 1931
†Ficus colombiana Anderson 1929
Ficus communis Röding 1798
†Ficus concinnus Beyrich 1854
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Invalid names: Pyrula imbricata Sandberger 1860 [synonym], Pyrula simplex Beyrich 1854 [synonym]
†Ficus condita Brongniart 1823
†Ficus conditus Brongniart 1823
Ficus decussata Wood 1828
†Ficus distans Sowerby 1846
†Ficus gayana Covacevich and Frassinnetti 1980
†Ficus gesteri Wagner and Schilling 1923
†Ficus gibsonsmithi Beu 2010
†Ficus greenwoodi Sowerby 1825
†Ficus harrisi Martin 1904
†Ficus huzayeni Abbass 1967
†Ficus kachhensis Vredenburg 1925
†Ficus knowltoni Campbell 1961
Ficus lanceolata Buch 1814
†Ficus lanzi Olsson 1964
Ficus lindae Petuch 1988
†Ficus lisselonga Beu 2010
†Ficus lisselongata Beu 2010
†Ficus lucidus Chandler 1962
Ficus macrophylla Kunth and Bouché 1846
†Ficus mamillata Gabb 1864
Ficus maxima Miller 1768
Ficus membranacea Wright 1873
†Ficus merita Harris and Palmer 1947
Ficus microphylla Salzmann 1853
†Ficus mississippiensis Conrad 1848
†Ficus modesta Conrad 1848
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Invalid names: Ficus pyriformis Gabb 1869 [synonym], Ficus restorationensis Winkle 1918 [synonym]
Ficus montana Burmeister 1768
†Ficus multiformis Wrigley 1929
†Ficus multinervis Heer 1856
†Ficus myricoides Hollick 1895
Ficus nervosa Heyne 1821
†Ficus nexilis Solander and Brander 1766
Ficus ovalis Miquel 1867
†Ficus pamotanensis Martin 1899
†Ficus pamotanensis kachhensis Vredenburg 1925
†Ficus papyratia Say 1822
†Ficus paraensis White 1887
†Ficus pilsbryi Smith 1907
†Ficus posadasensis Chiesa et al. 1995
†Ficus remondii Gabb 1864
†Ficus rodeoensis English 1914
Ficus sinuosa Miquel 1848
Ficus spectabilis Kunth and Bouché 1847
†Ficus tricarinatus Lamarck 1803
Ficus variegata Röding 1798
†Ficus woodringi Olsson 1931
†Pirula condita singuensis Vredenburg 1921
Invalid names: Diconoficus Covacevich and Frassinnetti 1983 [synonym], Ficopsis Conrad 1866 [synonym], Ficula Swainson 1840 [synonym], Fusoficula Sacco 1890 [synonym], Gonysycon Woodring 1959 [synonym], Pyrula Lamarck 1799 [synonym], Sycotypus Gill 1867 [synonym]
G. †Priscoficus Conrad 1866
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†Priscoficus cooperiana Stewart 1927
†Priscoficus cowlitzensis Weaver 1912
†Priscoficus hornii Gabb 1864
†Priscoficus intermedia Melleville 1843
†Priscoficus johnstoni Rutsch 1943
†Priscoficus robustus Weaver 1905
†Priscoficus smithi Sowerby 1827
†Priscoficus vermeiji Perrilliat 2013
Invalid names: Ficopsis meganosensis packardi Merriam and Turner 1937 [synonym], Proficus Finlay and Marwick 1937 [synonym]
G. Thalassocyon Barnard 1960
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Famennian to the top of the Holocene or 372.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 358.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 358.9 Ma
Collections (845 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Famennian | Germany | Pyrula microtricha (156553) | |
| Coniacian | USA (California) | Ficus cypraeoides (44232) | |
| Santonian | South Africa (Eastern Cape) | Cypraea capensis (47109) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | Canada (British Columbia) | Sycodes glabra (210578) | |
| Campanian | USA (California) | Sycodes cypraeoides (158389) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Mozambique | Proficus capensis (174826) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Tennessee) | Perissolax whitfieldi (88357) | |
| Maastrichtian | Mexico (Baja California) | Perissolax sp. (158099) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (California) | Bulbificopsis garza (176930 220358) Priscoficus sp. (176785 185456 185457 185631 185635 185743) Priscoficus sp., Bulbificopsis garza (185453 185507 185509) Pseudogaleodea sp. (83790) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian - Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (California) | Pseudogaleodea bennisoni (215406) | |
| Danian | Poland | Ficopsis intermedia (27625) | |
| Danian | Belgium | Ficopsis bicarinata (22931) | |
| Danian | USA (Arkansas) | Priscoficus spp. (91872) | |
| Danian | Colombia (Guajira) | Priscoficus johnstoni, Fulguroficus hoffstetteri (99141) | |
| Danian | New Zealand (Southland) | Proficus obtusa (50176) | |
| Danian | Greenland | Ficus sp., Fulguroficus sp. (22943) | |
| Danian | USA (Texas) | Ficopsis sp., Priscoficus juvenis, Priscoficus johnfoxi, Priscoficus nodulina (205466) | |
| Danian | USA (Alabama) | Priscoficus spp. (98430) | |
| Puercan - Torrejonian | USA (New Mexico) | Ficus affinis (52936 52940) | |
| Danian - Selandian | USA (Arkansas) | Priscoficus spp. (99175) | |