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Gopherus (gopher tortoise)

Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1832Gopherus Rafinesque
1857Xerobates Agassiz
1930Gopherus Hay p. 101
1937Bysmachelys Johnston p. 447
1953Gopherus Galbreath p. 38
1961Testudo milleri Brattstrom p. 546
1971Gopherus Auffenberg p. 116
1982Scaptochelys Bramble p. 853
1988Gopherus Carroll
1989Gopherus Swingland and Klemens p. 124
1992Xerobates Hutchison
1996Gopherus Frank and Ramus
1996Gopherus Hutchison p. 348
1996Gopherus (Oligopherus) Hutchison p. 348
1998Gopherus Wall and Maddox p. 11
2004Gopherus Joyce et al.
2004Gopherus Reynoso and Montellano-Ballesteros p. 823
2009Gopherus Anquetin et al.
2014Gopherus de la Fuente et al.
2014Gopherus van Dijk et al.
2018Gopherus Vlachos
2018Oligopherus Vlachos
2018Gopherus Vlachos and Rabi p. 663
2019Gopherus May

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderCryptodira
Pantestudinoidea
superfamilyTestudinoidea
familyTestudinidaeBatsch 1788
genusGopherusRafinesque 1832

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Gopherus Rafinesque 1832 [gopher tortoise]
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Subg. †Gopherus (Gopherus) Rafinesque 1832
Gopherus agassizii Cooper 1863 [Mojave desert tortoise]
Gopherus auffenbergi Mooser 1972
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Invalid names: Gopherus pargensis Mooser 1980 [synonym]
Gopherus berlandieri Agassiz 1857
Gopherus brevisternus Loomis 1909
Gopherus depressus Brattstrom 1961
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Invalid names: Gopherus dehiscus Des Lauriers 1965 [synonym]
Gopherus donlaloi Reynoso and Montellano-Ballesteros 2004
Gopherus edae Hay 1906
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Invalid names: Testudo hollandi Hay 1906 [synonym], Testudo pansa Hay 1908 [synonym], Testudo vaga Hay 1908 [synonym]
Gopherus hexagonatus Cope 1893
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Invalid names: Bysmachelys canyonensis Johnston 1937 [synonym], Gopherus huecoensis Strain 1966 [synonym], Testudo campester Hay 1908 [synonym]
Gopherus laticuneus Cope 1873
Gopherus mohavensis Merriam 1919
Gopherus morafkai Murphy et al. 2011 [Sonoran desert tortoise]
Gopherus polyphemus Daudin 1802 [Florida gopher tortoise]
Invalid names: Bysmachelys Johnston 1937 [synonym], Gopherus (Oligopherus) Hutchison 1996 [invalid subgroup], Scaptochelys Bramble 1982 [synonym], Testudo milleri Brattstrom 1961 [nomen dubium], Xerobates Agassiz 1857 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialf
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: herbivoref
Diet 2: herbivoref
Reproduction: oviparousf
Created: 2005-08-26 07:16:55
Modified: 2005-09-09 16:16:46
Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Ernst and Barbour 1989, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Uintan to the top of the Holocene or 46.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 40.4 Ma

Collections (90 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Uintan46.2 - 40.4USA (Utah) Gopherus uintensis (186888)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Nebraska) Gopherus laticuneus (99591 99593 99595)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Testudo laticuneus (16977)
Chadronian - Orellan37.2 - 33.3USA (Nebraska) Gopherus laticuneus (99594)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (Nebraska) Gopherus laticuneus (99590 99592)
Orellan33.9 - 33.3USA (Wyoming) Testudo laticunea (99850 99851)
Arikareean30.8 - 20.43USA (Wyoming) Testudo brevisterna (191902)
Harrisonian24.8 - 20.43USA (Nebraska) Testudo edae (191903)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Wyoming) Gopherus edae (19073 19074)
Hemingfordian - Barstovian20.43 - 13.6USA (California) Gopherus dehiscus (19235) Gopherus depressus (19197)
Hemingfordian - Barstovian20.43 - 13.6USA (Colorado) Testudo pansa (191836)
Barstovian15.97 - 13.6USA (California) Testudo milleri (99598) Testudo milleri, Gopherus mohavense (99597)
Barstovian15.97 - 13.6USA (Wyoming) Testudo vaga (191921)
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (Texas) Gopherus sp. (18623)
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (California) Gopherus mohavense (19553)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Oklahoma) Gopherus sp. (170191)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Chihuahua) Gopherus sp. (18755)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Texas) Bysmachelys canyonensis (20033) Gopherus huecoensis (20037)
Blancan (interglacial)4.9 - 1.8USA (Florida) Gopherus polyphemus (98315)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Florida) Gopherus polyphemus (98317 101742)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (New Mexico) Gopherus sp. (230461)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (Texas) Bysmachelys canyonensis (99817) Testudo campester (191451)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (Florida) Gopherus polyphemus (20384)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Gopherus hexagonatus (22642)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Gopherus polyphemus (206227 227368)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Mexico (Santiago chazumba) Gopherus sp. (190089)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Gopherus polyphemus (77590) Gopherus sp. (65405)
Quaternary2.588 - 0.0Mexico (Santiago Chazumba) Gopherus sp. (190088)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Kansas) Gopherus sp. (20166 20167)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Texas) Gopherus sp. (20318)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (California) Gopherus sp. (20272) Xerobates agassizi (20327)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Gopherus polyphemus (20289 20351 20385 20400 20524 26550)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3Mexico (Aguascalientes) Gopherus auffenbergi, Gopherus pargensis (20283)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Nevada) Gopherus agassizii (20280)
Irvingtonian - Rancholabrean1.8 - 0.012USA (California) Gopherus sp. (20321)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012Mexico (Hidalgo) Gopherus sp. (113410)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012Mexico (Tamaulipas) Gopherus donlaloi (74498)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012Mexico (Puebla) Gopherus berlandieri (230717)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Florida) Gopherus polyphemus (20398 20440 20491 195112 195113)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Nevada) Gopherus agassizi (99602)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Gopherus polyphemus (20604)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Mexico (Puebla) Gopherus berlandieri (226915)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Gopherus polyphemus (20594 20650)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Gopherus sp. (230753) Testudo sp. (93527)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Gopherus agassizi (76059)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Mississippi) Gopherus polyphemus (164396)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (California) Gopherus agassizi (99601)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Gopherus hexagonatus (196664 196665 196666 196667)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Gopherus polyphemus (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Mexico (Hidalgo) Gopherus sp. (226914)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Gopherus polyphemus (20638 34269 154805 195110 195111)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Gopherus agassizi (99599 99600)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Georgia) Gopherus polyphemus (100349)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Florida) Gopherus polyphemus (100344 100346 100347 122303)