PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Centrosaurinae

Reptilia - Ceratopsidae

Taxonomy

Centrosaurinae was named by Lambe (1915). Its type is Centrosaurus. It was considered monophyletic by Sereno (2000).

It was assigned to Ceratopsia by Lambe (1915); and to Ceratopsidae by Dodson and Currie (1990), Lehman (1990), Nessov (1995), Sampson (1995), Lehman (1996), Dodson (1997), Dodson (1997), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Sereno (1999), Sereno (2000), Eberth et al. (2001), Dodson et al. (2004), Farke (2004), Ryan and Evans (2005), Ryan and Russell (2005), Ryan et al. (2007), Ryan (2007), Currie et al. (2008), Longrich (2010), Xu et al. (2010), Farke et al. (2011), Longrich (2014), Rivera-Sylva et al. (2017), Ryan et al. (2017), Dalman et al. (2018), Morschhauser et al. (2019) and Wilson et al. (2020).

Subtaxa

Albertaceratops, Brachyceratops, Centrosaurini, Diabloceratops, Machairoceratops, Menefeeceratops, Monoclonius, Nasutoceratopsini, Pachyrhinosaurini, Sinoceratops, Stellasaurus, Wendiceratops, Xenoceratops

Synonyms

Brachyceratops was named by Gilmore (1914).

It was synonymized subjectively with Monoclonius by Romer (1966) and Lehman (1990); it was considered a nomen dubium by McDonald (2011) and Farke et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Ceratopsia by Gilmore (1914) and Lull (1924); to Monocloniinae by Nopcsa (1928), Huene (1950) and Tatarinov (1964); to Ceratopsidae by Gilmore (1917), Joleaud (1922), Gregory and Mook (1925), Huene (1927), Hay (1930), Russell (1930), Lull (1933), Russell (1935), Gilmore (1939), Sternberg (1949), Romer (1956), Parsch (1963), Kuhn (1964), Russell (1964), Charig (1967), Swinton (1970) and Ostrom and Wellnhofer (1986); to Pachyrhinosaurinae by Olshevsky and Ford (1994); and to Centrosaurinae by Lambe (1915), Dodson and Currie (1990), Dodson (1990), Dodson (1997) and Dodson et al. (2004).
Brachyceratops montanensis was named by Gilmore (1914). Its type specimen is USNM 7951, a partial skeleton, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Milk River ceratopsian bonebed (USNM), which is in a Campanian terrestrial horizon in the Two Medicine Formation of Montana.

It was considered a nomen dubium by McDonald and Horner (2010), McDonald (2011) and Fowler et al. (2011).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1914	Brachyceratops montanensis Brown p. 378
1914	Brachyceratops Gilmore p. 1
1914	Brachyceratops montanensis Gilmore p. 1
1915	Brachyceratops montanensis Lambe p. 6
1915	Brachyceratops Lambe p. 20
1915	Centrosaurinae Lambe p. 20
1917	Brachyceratops Gilmore p. 7
1917	Brachyceratops montanensis Gilmore p. 7
1922	Brachyceratops montanensis Gilmore p. 1
1922	Brachyceratops Joleaud p. 65
1924	Brachyceratops Lull p. 245
1925	Brachyceratops Gregory and Mook p. 4
1927	Brachyceratops Huene p. 261
1927	Brachyceratops montanensis Huene p. 261
1928	Brachyceratops Nopcsa p. 185
1930	Brachyceratops Hay p. 220
1930	Brachyceratops montanensis Hay p. 221
1930	Brachyceratops Russell p. 146
1930	Brachyceratops montanensis Russell p. 146
1933	Brachyceratops Lull p. 97
1933	Brachyceratops montanensis Lull p. 97
1935	Brachyceratops Russell p. 117
1936	Brachyceratops montanensis Gilmore p. 4
1939	Brachyceratops Gilmore p. 12
1939	Brachyceratops montanensis Gilmore p. 12
1940	Brachyceratops montanensis Sternberg p. 471
1946	Brachyceratops montanensis Gray p. 797
1949	Brachyceratops Sternberg p. 41 fig. 1
1949	Brachyceratops montanensis Sternberg pp. 45-46
1950	Brachyceratops Huene p. 351
1956	Brachyceratops Romer p. 639
1963	Brachyceratops Parsch p. 8
1964	Brachyceratops Kuhn p. 55
1964	Brachyceratops montanensis Kuhn p. 55
1964	Brachyceratops Russell p. 7
1964	Brachyceratops montanensis Russell p. 13
1964	Brachyceratops Tatarinov p. 583
1964	Brachyceratops montanensis Tatarinov p. 583
1967	Brachyceratops Charig p. 717
1970	Brachyceratops Swinton p. 259
1970	Brachyceratops montanensis Swinton p. 260
1986	Brachyceratops Ostrom and Wellnhofer p. 116
1990	Brachyceratops montanensis Dodson p. 240
1990	Brachyceratops Dodson p. 241
1990	Brachyceratops Dodson and Currie p. 611
1990	Brachyceratops montanensis Dodson and Currie p. 611
1990	Centrosaurinae Dodson and Currie p. 611
1990	Centrosaurinae Lehman p. 212
1994	Brachyceratops Olshevsky and Ford
1995	Centrosaurinae Nessov p. 54
1995	Centrosaurinae Sampson p. 743
1996	Centrosaurinae Lehman p. 505 fig. 10
1997	Centrosaurinae Dodson p. 12
1997	Brachyceratops Dodson p. 476
1997	Centrosaurinae Dodson p. 476
1997	Centrosaurinae Sereno p. 443
1998	Centrosaurinae Sereno p. 62
1999	Centrosaurinae Sereno p. 2138 fig. 2
2000	Centrosaurinae Sereno p. 482
2001	Centrosaurinae Eberth et al. p. 59
2004	Brachyceratops Dodson et al. p. 495
2004	Brachyceratops montanensis Dodson et al. p. 495
2004	Centrosaurinae Dodson et al. p. 495
2004	Centrosaurinae Farke p. 5
2005	Centrosaurinae Ryan and Evans pp. 326-327
2005	Centrosaurinae Ryan and Russell p. 1370
2007	Centrosaurinae Ryan p. 376
2007	Centrosaurinae Ryan et al. p. 948
2008	Centrosaurinae Currie et al. p. 16
2010	Centrosaurinae Longrich p. 692 fig. 10
2010	Centrosaurinae Xu et al. p. 1634 fig. 3
2011	Centrosaurinae Farke et al. p. 699
2014	Centrosaurinae Longrich p. 303 fig. 8
2017	Centrosaurinae Rivera-Sylva et al.
2017	Centrosaurinae Ryan et al.
2018	Centrosaurinae Dalman et al.
2019	Centrosaurinae Morschhauser et al. p. 129 fig. 10
2020	Centrosaurinae Wilson et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Ornithischia	()
—	Genasauria
—	Cerapoda
—	Marginocephalia
—	Ceratopsia	()
infraorder	Neoceratopsia
—	Coronosauria
superfamily	Ceratopsoidea
family	Ceratopsidae
subfamily	Centrosaurinae
subfamily	Centrosaurinae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. †Centrosaurinae Lambe 1915

show all | hide all

G. †Albertaceratops Ryan 2007

†Albertaceratops nesmoi Ryan 2007

Unr. †Centrosaurini Ryan et al. 2017

G. †Centrosaurus Lambe 1905

†Centrosaurus apertus Lambe 1905

Invalid names: Centrosaurus longirostris Sternberg 1940 [synonym], Monoclonius cutleri Brown 1917 [synonym], Monoclonius dawsoni Lambe 1902 [synonym], Monoclonius flexus Brown 1914 [synonym]

G. †Coronosaurus Ryan et al. 2012

†Coronosaurus brinkmani Ryan and Russell 2005

G. †Rubeosaurus McDonald and Horner 2010

†Rubeosaurus ovatus Gilmore 1930

G. †Spinops Farke et al. 2011

†Spinops sternbergorum Farke et al. 2011

G. †Styracosaurus Lambe 1913

†Styracosaurus albertensis Lambe 1913

Invalid names: Monoclonius nasicornus Brown 1917 [synonym], Styracosaurus parksi Brown and Schlaikjer 1937 [synonym]

G. †Diabloceratops Kirkland and Deblieux 2010

†Diabloceratops eatoni Kirkland and Deblieux 2010

G. †Machairoceratops Lund et al. 2016

†Machairoceratops cronusi Lund et al. 2016

G. †Menefeeceratops Dalman et al. 2021

†Menefeeceratops sealeyi Dalman et al. 2021

G. †Monoclonius Cope 1876

†Monoclonius crassus Cope 1876

Invalid names: Monoclonius lowei Sternberg 1940 [synonym]

Invalid names: Monoclonius fissus Cope 1889 [nomen dubium], Monoclonius recurvicornis Cope 1889 [nomen dubium], Monoclonius sphenocerus Cope 1889 [nomen dubium]

Unr. †Nasutoceratopsini Ryan et al. 2017

G. †Avaceratops Dodson 1986

†Avaceratops lammersi Dodson 1986

G. †Crittendenceratops Dalman et al. 2018

†Crittendenceratops krzyzanowskii Dalman et al. 2018

G. †Furcatoceratops Ishikawa et al. 2023

†Furcatoceratops elucidans Ishikawa et al. 2023

G. †Nasutoceratops Sampson et al. 2013

†Nasutoceratops titusi Sampson et al. 2013

G. †Yehuecauhceratops Rivera-Sylva et al. 2017

†Yehuecauhceratops mudei Rivera-Sylva et al. 2017

Unr. †Pachyrhinosaurini Fiorillo and Tykoski 2012

G. †Achelousaurus Sampson 1994

†Achelousaurus horneri Sampson 1994

G. †Einiosaurus Sampson 1994

†Einiosaurus procurvicornis Sampson 1994

Invalid names: Styracosaurus makeli Czerkas and Czerkas 1990 [replaced]

G. †Pachyrhinosaurus Sternberg 1950

†Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis Sternberg 1950

†Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai Currie et al. 2008

†Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum Fiorillo and Tykoski 2012

Invalid names: Pachyrostra Fiorillo and Tykoski 2012 [empty]

G. †Sinoceratops Xu et al. 2010

†Sinoceratops zhuchengensis Xu et al. 2010

G. †Stellasaurus Wilson et al. 2020

†Stellasaurus ancellae Wilson et al. 2020

G. †Wendiceratops Evans and Ryan 2015

†Wendiceratops pinhornensis Evans and Ryan 2015

G. †Xenoceratops Ryan et al. 2012

†Xenoceratops foremostensis Ryan et al. 2012

Invalid names: Brachyceratops Gilmore 1914 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Maximum body mass:

3000 kgg

Minimum body mass:

1000 kgg

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

gregariouso

Environment:

terrestrialsubo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingsubo

Diet:

herbivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2005-09-15 11:08:09

Modified:

2005-09-15 13:08:09

Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order

References: Marsh 1875, Norman and Weishampel 1991, Peczkis 1995

Age range: base of the Campanian to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 83.60000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (119 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	Mexico (Chihuahua)	Centrosaurinae indet. (227180)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.8 - 83.5	Canada (Alberta)	Brachyceratops sp. (48834)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	China (Shandong)	Sinoceratops zhuchengensis (96815)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	Canada (Alberta)	Centrosaurus brinkmani (60364) Centrosaurus recurvicornis (64398) Monoclonius cutleri (13340) Monoclonius sp. (52483 52485 70055)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	USA (Montana)	Achelousaurus horneri (22652) Brachyceratops montanensis (50083) Brachyceratops sp., Styracosaurus sp. (22694) Centrosaurinae indet., Einiosaurus procurvicornis (59373) Monoclonius sp. (167423) Styracosaurus ovatus (45682) Styracosaurus sp., Centrosaurinae indet. (22693)
Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	USA (Colorado)	Centrosaurus sp. (189580)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Mexico (Coahuila)	Ceratopsidae indet. (113768)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Utah)	Centrosaurinae indet. (84300 84301 230892)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Utah)	Centrosaurinae indet. (230915)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (New Mexico)	Pachyrhinosaurinae indet. (13000 24924)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Mexico (Coahuila)	Centrosaurinae indet. (24261) Monoclonius sp. (51545)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Montana)	Achelousaurus horneri, Stellasaurus ancellae (52435) Furcatoceratops elucidans (231025)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Mexico (Chihuahua)	Centrosaurinae indet. (35707)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Alberta)	Centrosaurinae indet., Centrosaurus apertus (221937) Centrosaurus apertus (11894 22659 58758 58945 59016 59018 59046 64427 65827 65895 65901 65903 65908 65925 65926 65928 65931 65932) Centrosaurus sp. (22657 58910 58952 59109 59110 60363 64336 65904 65906 67893 163047) Centrosaurus sp., Ceratops sp. (59025) Ceratops sp. (58950 59039) Ceratopsidae indet. (65924 65927) Monoclonius dawsoni, Monoclonius dawsoni (74657) Monoclonius flexus (58962 191270) Monoclonius nasicornus (13339) Monoclonius sp. (35511 55352 75476) Pachyrhinosaurus sp. (22699 87125 220129) Styracosaurus albertensis (52487 65929 77259 77261 77265 77266 143007) Styracosaurus sp. (22655 59222)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Texas)	Brachyceratops sp. (191054)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Utah)	Centrosaurinae indet. (97803 192256)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (New Mexico)	Ceratopsia indet. (35518) Ceratopsidae indet. (62530) Monoclonius sp. (62528)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Arizona)	Crittendenceratops krzyzanowskii, Centrosaurinae indet. (68256)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Montana)	Centrosaurus sp., Ceratopsidae indet. (14437) Monoclonius crassus (46121) Monoclonius recurvicornis (228490) Styracosaurus albertensis (69152)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Utah)	Centrosaurinae indet. (178847)
Middle Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Alberta)	Centrosaurinae indet. (69151) Nasutoceratopsini indet. (206061) Spinops sternbergorum (123351) Wendiceratops pinhornensis (171408) Xenoceratops foremostensis (135811)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Alberta)	Centrosaurus sp. (53892) Monoclonius sp. (59118 64399 188846)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Montana)	Avaceratops sp. (206062) Centrosaurus sp. (50909) Monoclonius sphenocerus (46122)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	Ceratopsia indet. (64352) Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis (52071 52072 52249) Pachyrhinosaurus sp., Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis (34744)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Ceratopsidae indet. (52893)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Canada (Alberta)	Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis (220119) Pachyrhinosaurus sp. (96455 96457 161248)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Alaska)	Pachyrhinosaurus sp. (47787 51889)