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Enantiornithes

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Enantiornithes was named by Walker (1981). It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Ji et al. (1999) and Chiappe (2002).

It was reranked as the unranked clade Enantiornithes by Sereno (2000), Wang et al. (2010), Tykoski and Fiorillo (2010), Wang et al. (2014), Wang and Liu (2015), O'Connor et al. (2016), Liu et al. (2017), Wei and Li (2017), Wang et al. (2017), Hu and O'Connor (2017), Wang and Zhou (2019), Chiappe et al. (2019), Liu et al. (2019) and Wang et al. (2020); it was reranked as the infraclass Enantiornithes by Kurochkin (2000).

It was assigned to Sauriurae by Kurochkin (2000); to Aves by Walker (1981), Zhang and Zhou (2000), Zhou and Zhang (2006) and Li and Hou (2011); to Pygostylia by Kurochkin et al. (2013); to Aves by O'Connor and Sullivan (2014); to Ornithothoraces by Chiappe and Calvo (1994), Sanz et al. (1996), Sereno (1998), Ji et al. (1999), Sereno (1999), Sereno (2000), Chiappe (2002), Chatterjee and Templin (2007), Osi (2008), Cau and Arduini (2008), Wang et al. (2010), Tykoski and Fiorillo (2010), O'Connor and Zelenkov (2013), Wang et al. (2014), Zhang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Wang and Liu (2015), O'Connor et al. (2016), Liu et al. (2017), Wei and Li (2017), Wang et al. (2017), Hu and O'Connor (2017), Wang and Zhou (2019), Chiappe et al. (2019), Liu et al. (2019) and Wang et al. (2020); and to Avialae by Norell and Clarke (2001), Padian (2004), Clarke et al. (2005) and Álvarez Herrera et al. (2023).

Subtaxa
Aberratiodontuidae, Alexornithiformes, Avimaia, Avisauridae, Bohaiornithidae, Boluochiformes, Brevirostruavis, Castignovolucris, Cathayornis, Cathayornis aberransis, Cathayornis chabuensis, Cathayornithiformes, Concornis, Cruralispennia, Dunhuangia, Elektorornis, Elsornis, Enantiornithiformes, Eoalulavis, Eocathayornis, Eoenantiornis, Eoenantiornithiformes, Euenantiornithes, Euornithiformes, Evgenavis, Falcatakely, Feitianius, Flexomornis, Fortunguavis, Gobipipus, Gobipteryx, Gretcheniao, Holbotia, Houornis, Huoshanornis, Iberomesornis, Junornis, Lectavis, Linyiornis, Longipterygidae, Longipterygiformes, Longirostravisiformes, Microenantiornis, Mirusavis, Monoenantiornis, Musivavis, Noguerornis, Orienantius, Otogornis, Paraprotopteryx, Parvavis, Pengornithidae, Piscivorenantiornis, Protopterygiformes, Protopteryx, Pterygornis, Qiliania, Shangyang, Sinornis, Vescornis, Xiangornis, Yatenavis, Yuanjiawaornis, Yungavolucris, Yuornis

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1981Enantiornithes Walker p. 51
1994Enantiornithes Chiappe and Calvo p. 239 fig. 1
1996Enantiornithes Sanz et al. p. 442
1998Enantiornithes Sereno p. 65
1999Enantiornithes Ji et al. p. 5
1999Enantiornithes Sereno p. 2139 fig. 2
2000Enantiornithes Kurochkin p. 533
2000Enantiornithes Sereno
2000Enantiornithes Zhang and Zhou p. 1955
2001Enantiornithes Norell and Clarke p. 183
2002Enantiornithes Chiappe p. 451 fig. 20.1
2002Cathayornis aberransis HOu and et al.
2002Cathayornis aberransis Hou and et al.
2004Enantiornithes Padian p. 212
2005Enantiornithes Clarke et al. p. 307
2006Enantiornithes Zhou and Zhang p. 79
2007Enantiornithes Chatterjee and Templin p. 1577 fig. 4
2008Enantiornithes Cau and Arduini
2008Cathayornis chabuensis Li et al. p. 1116 figs. 3a, b; 4a, b
2008Enantiornithes Osi
2010Cathayornis aberransis O'Connor and Dyke p. 17
2010Enantiornithes Tykoski and Fiorillo p. 288
2010Enantiornithes Wang et al. p. 247
2011Enantiornithes Li and Hou p. 40
2013Enantiornithes Kurochkin et al.
2013Enantiornithes O'Connor and Zelenkov
2014Enantiornithes O'Connor and Sullivan
2014Enantiornithes Wang et al.
2014Enantiornithes Wang et al.
2014Enantiornithes Wang et al.
2014Enantiornithes Zhang et al.
2015Enantiornithes Wang and Liu
2016Enantiornithes O'Connor et al.
2017Enantiornithes Hu and O'Connor
2017Enantiornithes Liu et al.
2017Enantiornithes Wang et al.
2017Enantiornithes Wei and Li
2019Enantiornithes Chiappe et al.
2019Enantiornithes Liu et al.
2019Enantiornithes Wang and Zhou
2020Enantiornithes Wang et al.
2023Enantiornithes Álvarez Herrera et al. p. 2

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
RankNameAuthor
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
—PygostyliaChiappe 2002
—Ornithothoraces
subclassEnantiornithes
subclassEnantiornithes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subcl. †Enantiornithes Walker 1981
show all | hide all
Or. †Alexornithiformes Brodkorb 1976
+
Fm. †Alexornithidae Brodkorb 1976
+
G. †Abavornis Panteleyev 1998
+
†Abavornis bonaparti Panteleyev 1998
G. †Alexornis Brodkorb 1976
+
†Alexornis antecedens Brodkorb 1976
G. †Explorornis Panteleyev 1998
+
†Explorornis nessovi Panteleyev 1998
G. †Incolornis Panteleyev 1998
+
†Incolornis silvae Panteleyev 1998
G. †Kizylkumavis Nessov 1984
+
†Kizylkumavis cretacea Nessov 1984
G. †Lenesornis Kurochkin 1996
+
†Lenesornis maltshevskyi Nessov 1986
G. †Nanantius Molnar 1986
+
†Nanantius eos Molnar 1986
G. †Sazavis Nessov 1989
+
†Sazavis prisca Nessov 1989
G. †Zhyraornis Nessov 1984
+
†Zhyraornis kashkarovi Nessov 1984
†Zhyraornis logunovi Nessov 1992
Invalid names: Gobipterygidae Elzanowski 1974 [synonym], Zhyraornithidae Nessov 1984 [synonym]
G. †Catenoleimus Panteleyev 1998
+
†Catenoleimus anachoretus Panteleyev 1998
+
G. †Gurilynia Kurochkin 1999
+
†Gurilynia nessovi Kurochkin 1999
G. †Avimaia Bailleul et al. 2019
+
†Avimaia schweitzerae Bailleul et al. 2019
Fm. †Avisauridae Brett-Surman and Paul 1985
+
G. †Avisaurus Brett-Surman and Paul 1985
+
†Avisaurus archibaldi Brett-Surman and Paul 1985
G. †Bauxitornis Dyke and Osi 2010
+
†Bauxitornis mindszentyae Dyke and Osi 2010
G. †Enantiophoenix Cau and Arduini 2008
+
†Enantiophoenix electrophyla Cau and Arduini 2008
G. †Gettyia Atterholt et al. 2018
+
†Gettyia gloriae Varricchio and Chiappe 1995
G. †Halimornis Chiappe et al. 2002
+
†Halimornis thompsoni Chiappe et al. 2002
G. †Intiornis Novas et al. 2010
+
†Intiornis inexpectatus Novas et al. 2010
G. †Mirarce Atterholt et al. 2018
+
†Mirarce eatoni Atterholt et al. 2018
G. †Neuquenornis Chiappe and Calvo 1994
+
†Neuquenornis volans Chiappe and Calvo 1994
G. †Soroavisaurus Chiappe 1993
+
†Soroavisaurus australis Chiappe 1993
Fm. †Bohaiornithidae Wang et al. 2014
+
G. †Bohaiornis Hu et al. 2011
+
†Bohaiornis guoi Hu et al. 2011
G. †Longusunguis Wang et al. 2014
+
†Longusunguis kurochkini Wang et al. 2014
G. †Parabohaiornis Wang et al. 2014
+
†Parabohaiornis martini Wang et al. 2014
G. †Shenqiornis Wang et al. 2010
+
†Shenqiornis mengi Wang et al. 2010
G. †Sulcavis O'Connor et al. 2013
+
†Sulcavis geeorum O'Connor et al. 2013
G. †Zhouornis Zhang et al. 2013
+
†Zhouornis hani Zhang et al. 2013
Or. †Boluochiformes Zhou and Zhang 2006
+
Invalid names: Boluochidae Zhou and Zhang 2006 [empty]
G. †Brevirostruavis Li et al. 2021
+
G. †Castignovolucris Buffetaut et al. 2023
+
†Castignovolucris sebei Buffetaut et al. 2023
G. †Cathayornis Zhou et al. 1992
+
†Cathayornis yandica Zhou et al. 1992
+
Invalid names: Cuspirostrisornis houi Hou 1997 [synonym], Largirostrornis sexdentornis Hou 1997 [synonym]
Or. †Cathayornithiformes Zhou et al. 1992
+
Fm. †Alethoalaornithidae Li et al. 2007
+
G. †Alethoalaornis Li et al. 2007 [true wing bird]
+
†Alethoalaornis agitornis Li et al. 2007
Fm. †Cathayornithidae Zhou et al. 1992
+
G. †Gracilornis Li and Hou 2011
+
†Gracilornis jiufotangensis Li and Hou 2011
G. †Longchengornis Hou 1997
+
Fm. †Cuspirostrisornithidae Hou 1997
+
G. †Cuspirostrisornis Hou 1997
G. †Largirostrornis Hou 1997
G. †Concornis Sanz and Buscalioni 1992
+
†Concornis lacustris Sanz and Buscalioni 1992
G. †Cruralispennia Wang et al. 2017
+
†Cruralispennia multidonta Wang et al. 2017
G. †Dunhuangia Wang et al. 2015
+
†Dunhuangia cuii Wang et al. 2015
G. †Elektorornis Xing et al. 2019
+
†Elektorornis chenguangi Xing et al. 2019
G. †Elsornis Chiappe et al. 2007 [sand bird]
+
†Elsornis keni Chiappe et al. 2007
G. †Eoalulavis Sanz et al. 1996
+
†Eoalulavis hoyasi Sanz et al. 1996
G. †Eocathayornis Zhou 2002
+
†Eocathayornis walkeri Zhou 2002
G. †Eoenantiornis Hou et al. 1999
+
†Eoenantiornis buhleri Hou et al. 1999
Or. †Eoenantiornithiformes Hou et al. 1999
+
Fm. †Eoenantiornithidae Hou et al. 1999
+
G. †Dapingfangornis Li et al. 2006
+
Superor. †Euenantiornithes Chiappe 2002
+
Or. †Apsaraviformes Livezey and Zusi 2007
+
Invalid names: Apsaravidae Livezey and Zusi 2007 [empty]
G. †Cratoavis Carvalho et al. 2015
+
†Cratoavis cearensis Carvalho et al. 2015
G. †Dalingheornis Zhang et al. 2006
+
†Dalingheornis liweii Zhang et al. 2006
G. †Elbretornis Walker and Dyke 2009
+
†Elbretornis bonapartei Walker and Dyke 2009
G. †Enantiornis Walker 1981
+
†Enantiornis leali Walker 1981
†Enantiornis martini Nessov and Panteleyev 1993
†Enantiornis walkeri Nessov and Panteleyev 1993
G. †Grabauornis Dalsatt et al. 2014
+
†Grabauornis lingyuanensis Dalsatt et al. 2014
G. †Martinavis Walker et al. 2007
+
†Martinavis cruzyensis Walker et al. 2007
†Martinavis minor Walker and Dyke 2009
†Martinavis saltariensis Walker and Dyke 2009
†Martinavis vincei Walker et al. 2007
†Martinavis whetstonei Walker and Dyke 2009
Or. †Rahonaviformes Livezey and Zusi 2007
+
Invalid names: Rahonavidae Livezey and Zusi 2007 [empty]
Invalid names: Liaoxiornis Hou and Chen 1999 [nomen dubium], Liaoxiornis delicatus Hou and Chen 1999 [nomen dubium]
Or. †Euornithiformes Kurochkin 1996
+
Invalid names: Concornithidae Kurochkin 1996 [empty]
G. †Evgenavis O'Connor et al. 2014
+
†Evgenavis nobilis O'Connor et al. 2014
G. †Falcatakely O'Connor et al. 2020
+
†Falcatakely forsterae O'Connor et al. 2020
G. †Feitianius O'Connor et al. 2016
+
†Feitianius paradisi O'Connor et al. 2016
G. †Flexomornis Tykoski and Fiorillo 2010
+
†Flexomornis howei Tykoski and Fiorillo 2010
G. †Fortunguavis Wang et al. 2014
+
†Fortunguavis xiaotaizicus Wang et al. 2014
G. †Gobipipus Kurochkin et al. 2013
+
†Gobipipus reshetovi Kurochkin et al. 2013
G. †Gobipteryx Elzanowski 1974
+
†Gobipteryx minuta Elzanowski 1974
+
Invalid names: Nanantius valifanovi Kurochkin 1996 [synonym]
G. †Gretcheniao Chiappe et al. 2019
+
†Gretcheniao sinensis Chiappe et al. 2019
G. †Holbotia Zelenkov and Averianov 2015
+
†Holbotia ponomarenkoi Zelenkov and Averianov 2015
G. †Houornis Wang and Liu 2015
+
†Houornis caudatus Hou 1997
G. †Huoshanornis Wang et al. 2010
+
†Huoshanornis huji Wang et al. 2010
G. †Iberomesornis Sanz et al. 1990
+
†Iberomesornis romerali Sanz et al. 1990
G. †Junornis Liu et al. 2017
+
†Junornis houi Liu et al. 2017
G. †Lectavis Chiappe 1993
+
†Lectavis bretincola Chiappe 1993
G. †Linyiornis Wang et al. 2016
+
†Linyiornis amoena Wang et al. 2016
Fm. †Longipterygidae Zhang et al. 2000
+
G. †Boluochia Zhou 1995
+
†Boluochia zhengi Zhou 1995
G. †Camptodontornis Demirjian 2019
+
†Camptodontornis yangi Li et al. 2010
Invalid names: Camptodontus Li et al. 2010 [replaced]
G. †Longipteryx Zhang et al. 2000
+
†Longipteryx chaoyangensis Zhang et al. 2000
G. †Longirostravis Hou et al. 2004
+
†Longirostravis hani Hou et al. 2004
G. †Rapaxavis Morschhauser et al. 2009
+
†Rapaxavis pani Morschhauser et al. 2009
G. †Shanweiniao O'Connor et al. 2009 [fan-tail bird]
+
†Shanweiniao cooperorum O'Connor et al. 2009
G. †Shengjingornis Li et al. 2012
+
†Shengjingornis yangi Li et al. 2012
Or. †Longirostravisiformes Zhou and Zhang 2006
+
Invalid names: Longirostravisidae Zhou and Zhang 2006 [empty]
G. †Microenantiornis Wei and Li 2017
+
†Microenantiornis vulgaris Wei and Li 2017
G. †Mirusavis Wang et al. 2020
+
†Mirusavis parvus Wang et al. 2020
G. †Monoenantiornis Hu and O'Connor 2017
+
†Monoenantiornis sihedangia Hu and O'Connor 2017
G. †Musivavis Wang et al. 2022
+
†Musivavis amabilis Wang et al. 2022
G. †Noguerornis Lacasa Ruiz 1989
+
†Noguerornis gonzalezi Lacasa Ruiz 1989
G. †Orienantius Liu et al. 2019
+
†Orienantius ritteri Liu et al. 2019
G. †Otogornis Hou 1994
+
†Otogornis genghisi Hou 1994
G. †Paraprotopteryx Zheng et al. 2007
+
†Paraprotopteryx gracilis Zheng et al. 2007
G. †Parvavis Wang et al. 2014
+
†Parvavis chuxiongensis Wang et al. 2014
Fm. †Pengornithidae Wang et al. 2014
+
G. †Chiappeavis O'Connor et al. 2016
+
†Chiappeavis magnapremaxillo O'Connor et al. 2016
G. †Eopengornis Wang et al. 2014
+
†Eopengornis martini Wang et al. 2014
G. †Parapengornis Hu et al. 2015
+
†Parapengornis eurycaudatus Hu et al. 2015
G. †Pengornis Zhou et al. 2008
+
†Pengornis houi Zhou et al. 2008
G. †Yuanchuavis Wang et al. 2021
+
†Yuanchuavis kompsosoura Wang et al. 2021
G. †Piscivorenantiornis Wang and Zhou 2017
+
†Piscivorenantiornis inusitatus Wang and Zhou 2017
Or. †Protopterygiformes Zhou and Zhang 2006
+
Invalid names: Protopterygidae Zhou and Zhang 2006 [empty]
G. †Protopteryx Zhang and Zhou 2000
+
†Protopteryx fengningensis Zhang and Zhou 2000
G. †Pterygornis Wang et al. 2014
+
†Pterygornis dapingfangensis Wang et al. 2014
G. †Qiliania Ji et al. 2011
+
†Qiliania graffini Ji et al. 2011
G. †Shangyang Wang and Zhou 2019
+
†Shangyang graciles Wang and Zhou 2019
G. †Sinornis Sereno and Rao 1992
+
†Sinornis santensis Sereno and Rao 1992
G. †Vescornis Zhang et al. 2004
+
†Vescornis hebeiensis Zhang et al. 2004
G. †Xiangornis Hu et al. 2012
+
†Xiangornis shenmi Hu et al. 2012
G. †Yatenavis Álvarez Herrera et al. 2023
+
†Yatenavis ieujensis Álvarez Herrera et al. 2023
G. †Yuanjiawaornis Hu et al. 2015
+
†Yuanjiawaornis viriosus Hu et al. 2015
G. †Yungavolucris Chiappe 1993
+
G. †Yuornis Xu et al. 2021
+
†Yuornis junchangi Xu et al. 2021
Invalid names: Aberratiodontuidae Gong et al. 2004 [empty], Cathayornis aberransis Hou 2002 [nomen dubium], Cathayornis chabuensis Li et al. 2008 [nomen dubium], Enantiornithiformes [empty], Longipterygiformes Zhang et al. 2000 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Barremian to the top of the Lancian or 130.00000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (108 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Jurassic - Barremian161.5 - 125.0China (Hebei) Shenqiornis mengi (96195)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5China (Liaoning) Yuanchuavis kompsosoura (233550)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4China (Hebei) Cruralispennia multidonta, Orienantius ritteri (194615) Eopengornis martini (163268) Protopteryx fengningensis, Paraprotopteryx gracilis (68022)
Hauterivian - Barremian132.9 - 125.0Mongolia (Bayankhongor) Holbotia ponomarenkoi (113357)
Early/Lower Barremian130.0 - 125.45Spain (Cataluña) Enantiornithes indet., Noguerornis gonzalezi (85293)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45China (Nei Mongol) Cathayornis chabuensis (91202) Enantiornithes indet. (85296)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Spain (Castilla-La Mancha) Eoalulavis hoyasi, Iberomesornis sp., Concornis lacustris, Aves indet. (28006)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian130.0 - 122.46China (Hebei) Vescornis hebeiensis (79520)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian130.0 - 122.46China (Liaoning) Enantiornithes indet. (67611 79521) Eoenantiornis buhleri (79522) Euenantiornithes indet. (79657) Euenantiornithes indet., Liaoxiornis delicatus, Lingyuanornis parvus, Dalingheornis liweii, Grabauornis lingyuanensis (13937) Gretcheniao sinensis (132934) Longirostravis hani (123753) Shanweiniao cooperorum, Pengornis sp. (82783)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian130.0 - 122.46China (Nei Mongol) Junornis houi (203213)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Japan (Ishikawa) Enantiornithes indet. (32324)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0China (Hebei) Protopteryx fengningensis (156414)
Barremian - Aptian129.4 - 113.0Russian Federation (Kemerovo) Evgenavis nobilis (52808)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0China (Liaoning) Alethoalaornis agitornis, Longipteryx chaoyangensis, Dapingfangornis sp., Yuanjiawaornis viriosus (79941) Bohaiornis guoi, Parabohaiornis martini, Longusunguis kurochkini (153809) Bohaiornis guoi, Sulcavis geeorum, Chiappeavis magnapremaxillo (105772) Boluochia zhengi, Cathayornis yandica, Cathayornis caudatus, Longchengornis sanyanensis, Largirostrornis sexdentornis (79517) Camptodontus yangi (109245) Cuspirostrisornis houi, Largirostrornis sexdentoris (116136) Enantiornithes indet. (118207) Enantiornithes indet., Pengornis houi, Huoshanornis huji, Dapingfangornis sentisorhinus, Xiangornis shenmi, Piscivorenantiornis inusitatus (55536) Eocathayornis walkeri (85255) Fortunguavis xiaotaizicus, Brevirostruavis macrohyoideus (129475) Gracilornis jiufotangensis (151538) Linyiornis amoena (78922) Longipteryx chaoyangensis (85262) Longipteryx sp., Musivavis amabilis (79518) Microenantiornis vulgaris (85258) Monoenantiornis sihedangia (135798) Parapengornis eurycaudatus (169930) Pterygornis dapingfangensis (79523) Rapaxavis pani, Zhouornis hani (90046) Shangyang graciles (207034) Shengjingornis yangi (98449) Sinornis santensis (85285) Zhouornis hani (150275)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0China (Gansu) Enantiornithes indet., Euenantiornithes indet., Qiliania graffini, Dunhuangia cuii, Feitianius paradisi, Avimaia schweitzerae (62293)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Australia (Victoria) Enantiornithes indet. (51961)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Brazil (Ceará) Euenantiornithes indet. (169901)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 122.46China (Inner Mongolia) Enantiornithes indet. (193940)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Australia (Queensland) Enantiornithes indet. (122712) Nanantius eos, Enantiornithes indet. (85237)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan) Zhyraornis kashkarovi (58490)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Myanmar (Kachin) Elektorornis chenguangi (194175)
Early/Lower Cenomanian - Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Lebanon (Kesrouâne) Enantiornithes indet. (60285)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Texas) Flexomornis howei (94333)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Canada (Saskatchewan) Enantiornithes indet. (52997)
Turonian - Santonian93.9 - 83.6China (Yunnan) Parvavis chuxiongensis (153694)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian93.5 - 89.3Uzbekistan (Navoi) Abavornis bonaparti (93204) Ichthyornis maltshevskyi, Alexornithiformes indet., Sazavis prisca, Explorornis sp. 1, Explorornis sp. 2, Explorornis nessovi, Catenoleimus anchoretus (58168) Kizylkumavis cretacea (75943) Sazavis prisca, Zhyraornis logunovi, Enantiornis walkeri, Incolornis silvae, Enantiornis martini, Abavornis sp. (58166) Zhyraornis kashkarovi (58165)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6Argentina (Neuquén) Enantiornithes indet. (13305)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6Mexico (Baja California) Alexornis antecedens (13312)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6Hungary (Veszprém) Bauxitornis sp., Bauxitornis mindszentyae, Aves indet. (48722)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6Argentina (Río Negro) Neuquenornis volans (47798)
Santonian - Campanian86.3 - 72.1Mongolia (Dornogov) Neoceratopsia indet. (80183)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Mongolia (Ömnögovi Aimag) Gobipteryx sp. B (130798)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Argentina (Salta) Intiornis inexpectatus (133219)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (Montana) Avisaurus sp. (22689)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Mongolia (Omnogov) Enantiornithes indet. (168986)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Chile (Magallanes y Antártica Chilena) Enantiornithes indet. (228863)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Alabama) Halimornis thompsoni (80890)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) Pterodactyloidea indet. (34750)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (British Columbia) Enantiornithes indet. (132556) Euenantiornithes indet. (84196)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Mongolia (Omnogov Aimak) Gobipteryx sp. (37184)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Utah) Avisaurus sp. (197478) Enantiornithes indet. (132512)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Aves indet. (28454)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Mongolia (Omnogovi) Nanantius valifanovi (58105)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Mongolia (Omnogov) Enantiornithes indet. (153543) Gobipteryx minuta (13776 13777)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Brazil (São Paulo) Enantiornithes indet. (231015)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0France (Languedoc-Roussillon) Enantiornithes indet. (59686) Enantiornithes indet., Martinavis cruzyensis (48870)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Argentina (Chubut) Enantiornithes indet. (121187)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Mongolia (Omnogov) Gobipteryx sp. (168983)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Mongolia Gurilynia nessovi (84444)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Madagascar (Mahajanga) Enantiornithes indet. (25074 39266) Enantiornithes indet., Falcatakely forsterae (85063)
Maastrichtian - Danian72.1 - 61.6New Zealand (Chatham Islands Territory) Neotheropoda indet. (58498)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Romania (Alba) Enantiornithidae indet. (80859)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Argentina (Salta) Enantiornis sp., Enantiornis leali, Euenantiornithes indet., Lectavis bretincola, Yungavolucris brevipedalis, Soroavisaurus australis, Martinavis sp., Martinavis saltariensis, Martinavis minor, Martinavis whetstonei, Elbretornis sp., Elbretornis bonapartei, Aves indet. (13307)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Enantiornithes indet. (206969 206970) Yatenavis ieujensis (230107)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Avisaurus archibaldi (14610)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Avisaurus archibaldi (14515)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Brazil (Minas Gerais) Enantiornithes indet. (32346)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0China (Henan) Aves indet. (84996)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Belgium (Liège) Enantiornithes indet. (67130)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Romania Enantiornithes indet. (132350)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Romania (Hunedoara) Euenantiornithes indet. (26369)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0France (Haute-Garonne) Aves indet. (118194)