| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Colubrinae
Taxonomy
Colubrinae was named by Oppel (1811). It is extant.
It was reranked as the tribe Colubrinae by Perrier (1928).
It was assigned to Aglypha by Perrier (1928); to Proteroglypha by Kuhn (1946); and to Colubridae by Kuhn (1966), Underwood (1967), Parmley and Holman (1995), Vidal (2002), Böhme (2008), Parmley and Hunter (2010), Cernansky et al. (2015) and Ikeda et al. (2016).
It was reranked as the tribe Colubrinae by Perrier (1928).
It was assigned to Aglypha by Perrier (1928); to Proteroglypha by Kuhn (1946); and to Colubridae by Kuhn (1966), Underwood (1967), Parmley and Holman (1995), Vidal (2002), Böhme (2008), Parmley and Hunter (2010), Cernansky et al. (2015) and Ikeda et al. (2016).
Subtaxa
Ameiseophis, Arizona, Coluber (syn. Nanus, Bascanion), Coluber etruriae, Coronella, Cyclophiops, Dakotaophis, Dinodon, Drymobius, Elaphe (syn. Palaeoelaphe), Ficimia, Floridaophis, Lampropeltis, Liochlorophis, Macroprotodon, Masticophis, Miocoluber, Nebraskophis, Opheodrys, Oxybelis, Paracoluber, Phyllorhynchus, Pituophis, Salvadora, Stilosoma, Telescopus, Texasophis, Zelceophis, Zilantophis
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1811 | Colubrinae Oppel |
| 1890 | Coluber etruriae Portis p. 23 |
| 1928 | Colubrinae Perrier p. 3103 |
| 1946 | Colubrinae Kuhn p. 62 |
| 1966 | Colubrinae Kuhn p. 66 |
| 1967 | Colubrinae Underwood |
| 1995 | Colubrinae Parmley and Holman p. 80 |
| 2002 | Colubrinae Vidal p. 31 |
| 2008 | Colubrinae Böhme p. 170 |
| 2010 | Colubrinae Parmley and Hunter p. 529 |
| 2015 | Colubrinae Cernansky et al. p. 118 |
| 2016 | Colubrinae Ikeda et al. p. 147 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subfm. Colubrinae Oppel 1811
show all | hide all
G. Arizona Kennicott 1859
+
Arizona elegans Kennicott 1859 [glossy snake]
†Arizona voorhiesi Parmley and Holman 1995
G. Coluber Linnaeus 1758 [racer]
+
†Coluber acuminatus Cope 1899
†Coluber cadurci Rage 1974
†Coluber caspioides Szyndlar and Schleich 1993
Coluber caspius Gmelin 1789
Coluber constrictor Linnaeus 1758 [black racer]
†Coluber dolnicensis Szyndlar 1987
†Coluber hungaricus Bolkay 1913
†Coluber merkurensis Ivanov 2002
†Coluber planicarinatus Bachmayer and Szyndlar 1985
†Coluber robertmertensi Mlynarksi 1964
†Coluber suevicus Fraas 1870
†Coluber viridiflavus Lacépède 1789
Invalid names: Bascanion Baird and Girard 1853 [synonym], Coluber beggiatoi De Zigno 1889 [nomen dubium], Coluber lafonti Filhol 1877 [nomen dubium], Coluber ombonii De Zigno 1889 [nomen dubium], Nanus Bachmayer and Szyndlar 1985 [synonym]
G. Coronella Laurenti 1768
+
Coronella austriaca Laurenti 1768 [smooth snake]
Coronella girondica Daudin 1803 [southern smooth snake]
†Coronella miocaenica Venczel 1998
G. Cyclophiops Boulenger 1888
G. †Dakotaophis Holman 1976
G. Dinodon Duméril et al. 1854
G. Drymobius Fitzinger 1843
G. Elaphe Wagler 1833
+
†Elaphe algorensis Szyndlar 1985
Elaphe guttata Linnaeus 1766 [corn snake]
†Elaphe kansensis Gilmore 1938
†Elaphe kohfidischi Bachmayer and Szyndlar 1985
†Elaphe kormosi Bolkay 1913
†Elaphe longissima Laurenti 1768
†Elaphe nebraskensis Holman 1964
Elaphe obsoleta Say 1823 [black rat snake]
†Elaphe paralongissima Szyndlar 1984
†Elaphe praelongissima Venczel 1994
Elaphe quatuorlineata Lacépède 1789 [four-lined snake]
†Elaphe szyndlari Venczel 1998
Elaphe vulpina Baird and Girard 1853 [fox snake]
Invalid names: Elaphis boulei De Stefano 1905 [nomen dubium], Palaeoelaphe Gilmore 1938 [synonym]
G. Ficimia Gray 1849
G. Lampropeltis Fitzinger 1843
+
Lampropeltis calligaster Harlan 1827 [prairie kingsnake]
Lampropeltis getulus Linnaeus 1766 [kingsnake]
†Lampropeltis intermedius Brattstrom 1955
†Lampropeltis similis Holman 1964
Lampropeltis triangulum Lacépède 1788 [milk snake]
G. Liochlorophis Oldham and Smith 1991
G. Macroprotodon Guichenot 1850 [false smooth snake]
G. Masticophis Baird and Girard 1853 [whip snake]
G. Opheodrys Fitzinger 1843
G. Oxybelis Wagler 1830
G. Phyllorhynchus Stejneger 1890
G. Stilosoma Brown 1890 [short-tailed snake]
G. Telescopus Waner 1830 [tiger snake]
G. †Texasophis Holman 1977
+
†Texasophis bohemiacus Szyndlar 1987
†Texasophis fossilis Holman 1977
†Texasophis galbreathi Holman 1984
†Texasophis hecki Böhme 2008
†Texasophis meini Rage and Holman 1984
†Texasophis wilsoni Holman 1984
Invalid names: Coluber etruriae Portis 1890 [nomen vanum]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| E. Perrier 1928 | Bord supérieur de l'orbite formé par le frontal, le post-frontal étant relégué au bord postérieur. Tête couverte de 9 plaques constantes; écailles dorsales imbriquées, lisses ou légèrement carénées; une plaque frénale (post-nasale).Ces caractères communs aux tribus suivantes, toutes très voisines et réunies, notamment par Boulenger, dans une tribu des COLUBRINÆ au sens plus large. Des dents formant une série continue sur toute la longueur des maxillaires, égales ou décroissant très faiblement vers le fond de la bouche. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
| Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Behler and King 1979, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Priabonian to the top of the Holocene or 38.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Collections (360 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Priabonian | USA (Georgia) | Nebraskophis sp. (45640) | |
| Orellan | USA (Colorado) | Texasophis galbreathi (136087) | |
| MP 22 | France (Midi-Pyrenées) | Coluber cadurci (167513 167534 167537) | |
| MP 22 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Texasophis bohemiacus (118196) | |
| MP 22 | France (Quercy) | Coluber cadurci (179141 179142) | |
| MP 23 | France (Quercy) | Coluber cadurci (36709 36711 179147) | |
| Rupelian | France | Coluber cadurci (183381) | |
| MP 25 | France | Coluber cadurci (60214) | |
| Whitneyan | USA (Florida) | Nebraskophis oligocenicus, Floridaophis auffenbergi (17341) | |
| MP 30 | Germany (Bavaria) | Colubrinae indet., Texasophis hecki (84364) | |
| Chattian | France | Coluber sp., Coluber cadurci (60281) | |
| MN 1 | Turkey (Ankara) | Texasophis sp. (64382) | |
| MN 1 | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Coluber cadurci (69617) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | USA (Nebraska) | Colubrinae indet. (27510) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Namibia (Karas) | Colubrinae indet. (146601 168035 168036) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Turkey (Ankara) | Texasophis sp. (64377 64378) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Namibia | Colubrinae indet. (70807) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | Spain (Castile-La Mancha) | Coluber sp. (136269) | |
| MN 2 | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Coluber sp. 1, Coluber sp. 2, Coluber indet. (167464) | |
| Burdigalian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Coluber caspioides (69098) | |