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Nannippus peninsulatus
Taxonomy
Hippotherium peninsulatum was named by Cope (1885). Its type specimen is AMNH 8345, a tooth (a right superior molar, ?M2), and it is a 3D body fossil.
It was recombined as Hipparion peninsulatum by Felix and Lenk (1891), Roger (1896), Trouessart (1898), Matthew (1899), Hay (1902), Osborn (1918) and Hay (1930); it was synonymized subjectively with Neohipparion montezuma by Gidley (1907); it was recombined as Neohipparion peninsulatum by Matthew (1909); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Nannippus peninsulatus by Stirton (1940), Lance (1950), Dalquest and Mooser (1980), MacFadden (1984), MacFadden (1998) and Albright et al. (2019).
It was recombined as Hipparion peninsulatum by Felix and Lenk (1891), Roger (1896), Trouessart (1898), Matthew (1899), Hay (1902), Osborn (1918) and Hay (1930); it was synonymized subjectively with Neohipparion montezuma by Gidley (1907); it was recombined as Neohipparion peninsulatum by Matthew (1909); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Nannippus peninsulatus by Stirton (1940), Lance (1950), Dalquest and Mooser (1980), MacFadden (1984), MacFadden (1998) and Albright et al. (2019).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1882 | Hippotherium montezumae Leidy p. 291 |
1885 | Hippotherium peninsulatum Cope |
1889 | Hippotherium montezumae Cope p. 435 |
1889 | Hippotherium peninsulatum Cope p. 436 |
1891 | Hipparion peninsulatum Felix and Lenk |
1893 | Equus minutus Cope p. 67 |
1896 | Hipparion montezuma Roger |
1896 | Hipparion peninsulatum Roger |
1898 | Hipparion montezuma Trouessart |
1898 | Hipparion peninsulatum Trouessart |
1899 | Equus phlegon Hay p. 345 |
1899 | Hipparion montezuma Matthew |
1899 | Hipparion peninsulatum Matthew |
1901 | Protohippus phlegon Gidley p. 127 figs. 18 - 19 |
1902 | Merychippus phlegon Hay p. 617 |
1902 | Hipparion montezumae Hay p. 620 |
1902 | Hipparion peninsulatum Hay p. 620 |
1904 | Equus montezuma Osborn |
1905 | Merychippus phlegon Trouessart |
1905 | Neohipparion montezuma Trouessart |
1907 | Neohipparion montezuma Gidley p. 899 |
1909 | Neohipparion montezuma Matthew |
1909 | Neohipparion peninsulatum Matthew |
1909 | Protohippus phlegon Matthew |
1915 | Neohipparion montezuma Merriam |
1917 | Hipparion cragini Hay |
1918 | Pliohippus phlegon Osborn |
1918 | Pliohippus minutus Osborn p. 169 figs. Plate 33.8. Text Fig. 136 |
1918 | Hipparion montezuma Osborn p. 197 figs. Text Fig. 162 |
1918 | Hipparion peninsulatum Osborn p. 198 figs. Text Fig. 163 |
1925 | Hipparion phlegon Matthew |
1925 | Hipparion montezuma Merriam et al. |
1926 | Hipparion phlegon Matthew |
1930 | Hipparion peninsulatum Hay |
1930 | Hipparion montezuma Matthew and Stirton |
1930 | Hipparion phlegon Matthew and Stirton |
1936 | Nannippus phlegon McGrew |
1937 | Nannippus phlegon Hibbard |
1940 | Nannippus cragini Stirton p. 186 |
1940 | Nannippus montezumae Stirton p. 186 |
1940 | Nannippus peninsulatus Stirton p. 186 |
1940 | Nannippus phlegon Stirton p. 186 |
1941 | Neohipparion montezuma Olson and McGrew |
1950 | Nannippus montezumae Lance |
1950 | Nannippus peninsulatus Lance |
1951 | Nannippus phlegon Hibbard |
1966 | Nannippus phlegon Strain |
1968 | Nannippus hesperides Mooser p. 10 fig. 13 |
1972 | Nannippus phlegon Skinner p. 117 |
1980 | Nannippus montezumae Dalquest and Mooser |
1980 | Nannippus peninsulatus Dalquest and Mooser |
1980 | Nannippus phlegon Kurten and Anderson p. 284 |
1980 | Nannippus phlegon MacFadden and Waldrop p. 4 figs. 1 - 14 |
1984 | Nannippus peninsulatus MacFadden p. 136 figs. 8, 89-91, 106-116, 148, 150 |
1993 | Nannippus montezumae Carranza-Castaneda |
1998 | Nannippus peninsulatus MacFadden p. 549 |
2019 | Nannippus peninsulatus Albright et al. p. 181 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Nannippus peninsulatus Cope 1885
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Invalid names: Equus minutus Cope 1893 [synonym], Equus phlegon Hay 1899 [synonym], Hipparion cragini Hay 1917 [synonym], Nannippus hesperides Mooser 1968 [synonym], Nannippus montezumae Leidy 1882 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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H. F. Osborn 1918 (Pliohippus minutus) | (Cope) (1) Inferior molar narrowly hypsodont; (2) investment of cement thin; (3) metaconid and
metastylid appressed to hypoconid and protoconid, and spreading widely apart so as to be connected by an anteroposterior isthmus; (4) hypostylid also appressed to the hypoconid. | |
H. F. Osborn 1918 (Hipparion montezuma) | (Leidy, p. 291) (1) Type an animal about the size of H. venustum and of H. (Hippodon) speciosus; (2) distinguished by differences in the enamel plications; (3) protocone greatly elongated anteroposteriorly, compressed transversely; (Gidley, 1907) (4) relatively small size and comparative great length of crown; (5) in general related to the H. whitneyi types; (6) plications confined to the metaloph and crochet region of the protoconule the latter double in prefossette and double opposite the protocone. | |
H. F. Osborn 1918 | (Cope, 1885, p. 150) (1) The type an animal of small size. (2) Crown of superior molar long, curved; (3) grinding face with anteroposterior diameter considerably exceeding transverse; (4) protocone large and narrow anteroposteriorly,ovalinsection,withinnerandouterbordersconvex; (5)anteriorandposteriorbordersofbothpre-andpost- fossettes doubly or triply plicate, prominent crochet and pli caballin folds; (6) prominent para- and mesostyles; (7) enamel plication resembling that of H. venuatum, which is of similar dimensions but differs in the protocone section. (Gidley, 1907) (8) Type agrees very closely with that of H. montezuma Leidy; (9) t9-e type a true molar, somewhat smaller than that of H. montezuma, which is-a premolar, the difference in size such as might exist between molar and premolar teeth of one individual; (10) localities from which the types were obtained not widely separated. | |
O. Mooser 1968 (Nannippus hesperides) | Nannippus much larger than N. aztecus but distinctly smaller than the species of Neohipparion of the Ocote local fauna. | |
B. J. MacFadden and J. S. Waldrop 1980 (Nannippus phlegon) | Small and gracile hipparion. No preorbital facial fossa. Elongate rostrum and symphysis. Teeth very hypsodont, even more so than N. minor, and moderately curved in the anteroposterior plane; thick covering of cement above alveolar border; upper cheek teeth with oval protocones and moderately complex plications; lower cheek teeth with moderately deep ectoflexids and widely separated metaconids and metastylids; ectoparastylid absent in lower cheek teeth. Limbs functionally one-toed and metapodials relatively long and gracile. Facet for trapezium on the medial (Ill) metacarpal absent. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: subg = subgenus, subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Lillegraven 1979, MacFadden 1998, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Hemphillian to the top of the Early/Lower Pleistocene or 10.30000 to 0.78100 Ma
Collections (58 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Hidalgo) | Nannippus peninsulatus (18733) | |
Blancan | Mexico (Guanajuato) | Nannippus hesperides (20076) Nannippus peninsulatus (20077) | |
Blancan | Mexico (Michoacan) | Nannippus phlegon (20072) | |
Blancan | Mexico (Chihuahua) | Nannippus phlegon (20074) | |
Blancan | Mexico (Hidalgo) | Nannippus peninsulatus (18753 20079) | |
Blancan | USA (Kansas) | Nannippus peninsulatus (19934 19936) Nannippus phlegon (19924 19929 19937 19938 19939) | |
Blancan | USA (New Mexico) | Nannippus peninsulatus (19981 230461) Nannippus phlegon (19655) Nannippus sp. (19970) | |
Blancan | USA (Texas) | Nannippus peninsulatus (20023 20029 20033 20051 20053) Nannippus phlegon (20035 20040 20044) | |
Blancan | USA (Florida) | Nannippus peninsulatus (19746 19747 19749 19753 19754 19755 19760 19761 19764 98320 113275 113276) Nannippus phlegon (19752) | |
Blancan | USA (Arizona) | Nannippus peninsulatus (19618 19638 19650 19656 19657 19658) Nannippus phlegon (19624 19628 19642 19643 19644 19651 19654) | |
Blancan - Irvingtonian | Mexico (Jalisco) | Nannippus peninsulatus (20078) | |
Gelasian | USA (Florida) | Nannippus peninsulatus (19758) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | Nannippus peninsulatus (206956) | |
Pleistocene | Mexico (Jalisco) | Nannippus peninsulatus (192626 212356) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Kansas) | Hipparion cragini (191915) |