Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Taxonomy
Holomeniscus macrocephalus was named by Cope (1893).
It was synonymized subjectively with Camelops vitakerianus by Wortman (1898); it was recombined as Camelops macrocephalus by Hay (1902) and Hay (1913); it was recombined as Tanupolama macrocephala by Hibbard and Dalquest (1962), Webb (1965) and Slaughter (1966); it was recombined as Hemiauchenia macrocephala by Webb (1974), Breyer (1977), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Dalquest (1992), Honey et al. (1998) and Meachen (2005).
It was synonymized subjectively with Camelops vitakerianus by Wortman (1898); it was recombined as Camelops macrocephalus by Hay (1902) and Hay (1913); it was recombined as Tanupolama macrocephala by Hibbard and Dalquest (1962), Webb (1965) and Slaughter (1966); it was recombined as Hemiauchenia macrocephala by Webb (1974), Breyer (1977), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Dalquest (1992), Honey et al. (1998) and Meachen (2005).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1893 | Holomeniscus macrocephalus Cope p. 85 |
1898 | Camelus americanus Wortman p. 133 fig. 21 |
1902 | Camelops macrocephalus Hay p. 679 |
1902 | Camelus americanus Hay p. 680 |
1913 | Camelops macrocephalus Hay p. 276 |
1925 | Lama stevensi Merriam and Stock p. 39 figs. 1 - 4 |
1928 | Tanupolama americana Stock |
1928 | Tanupolama stevensi Stock |
1929 | Prochenia americana Frick |
1930 | Lama hollomani Hay and Cook |
1953 | Tanupolama hollomani Meade |
1962 | Tanupolama macrocephala Hibbard and Dalquest |
1962 | Tanupolama seymourensis Hibbard and Dalquest |
1965 | Tanupolama americana Webb |
1965 | Tanupolama macrocephala Webb |
1965 | Tanupolama stevensi Webb |
1965 | Tanupolama hollomani Webb p. 34 |
1965 | Tanupolama seymourensis Webb p. 34 |
1966 | Tanupolama hollomani Slaughter p. 84 |
1966 | Tanupolama macrocephala Slaughter p. 84 |
1968 | Tanupolama stevensi Miller |
1974 | Hemiauchenia macrocephala Webb |
1974 | Hemiauchenia seymourensis Webb |
1977 | Hemiauchenia macrocephala Breyer |
1980 | Hemiauchenia macrocephala Kurten and Anderson p. 308 |
1992 | Hemiauchenia macrocephala Dalquest |
1995 | Hemiauchenia seymourensis Webb and Stehli |
1998 | Hemiauchenia macrocephala Honey et al. |
2005 | Hemiauchenia seymourensis Cisneros p. 250 |
2005 | Hemiauchenia macrocephala Meachen p. 438 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Hemiauchenia macrocephala Cope 1893
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Invalid names: Camelus americanus Wortman 1898 [synonym], Lama hollomani Hay and Cook 1930 [synonym], Lama stevensi Merriam and Stock 1925 [synonym], Tanupolama seymourensis Hibbard and Dalquest 1962 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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J. C. Merriam and C. Stock 1925 (Lama stevensi) | Type approaching in size the existing llama. Lower molars with enamel of internal faces not as distinctly folded as in existing llama. MI with median external style. M2 and M3 with antero-external style not as well developed as in Lama. Posterior or third lobe in M3 not separated from second lobe as distinctly as in the corresponding tooth of the Recent Lama. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Nowak 1999, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range: base of the Gelasian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 2.58800 to 0.01200 Ma
Collections (65 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Blancan | USA (California) | Lama stevensi (19663) | |
Blancan | USA (Washington) | Hemiauchenia blancoensis (20062) | |
Blancan | USA (Nevada) | Hemiauchenia blancoensis (20006 20007) | |
Blancan | USA (Nebraska) | Tanupolama sp. (19955) | |
Blancan | El Salvador | Hemiauchenia seymourensis (70118) | |
Blancan | Mexico (Sonora) | Hemiauchenia blancoensis (20322) | |
Blancan | USA (Florida) | Hemiauchenia blancoensis (19753) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (19752 98320) | |
Blancan | USA (Kansas) | Hemiauchenia blancoensis (19936 19947) | |
Blancan | USA (Texas) | Hemiauchenia blancoensis (20033) Tanupolama blancoensis (20050 20052) | |
Blancan | USA (Colorado) | Tanupolama blancoensis (19744) | |
Blancan | USA (New Mexico) | Hemiauchenia blancoensis (19970 19981 19985) | |
Gelasian | USA (Florida) | Hemiauchenia blancoensis (19758) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20384) | |
Pleistocene | USA (Mississippi) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (162638) | |
Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (227368) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Oklahoma) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20382) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Kansas) | Hemiauchenia seymourensis (20390) Tanupolama macrocephala (20166) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (California) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20123) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20289 20299 20308 20385 20400 20402 20403 20475 20478 20482 20494 58089) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (New Mexico) | Hemiauchenia blancoensis (20558) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Texas) | Holomeniscus macrocephalus, Tanupolama macrocephala (20498) Tanupolama macrocephala (20530) Tanupolama seymourensis (20342) | |
Irvingtonian | Canada (Alberta) | Hemiauchenia hollomani (20417) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (South Carolina) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (79919) | |
Irvingtonian - Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20486) | |
Rancholabrean | USA (Florida) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20398 20491) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (154804) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Florida) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20571 20572 20573 20594 20595 20629 20634 79667) Tanupolama sp. (20581) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Florida) | Tanupolama americana (154771) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Idaho) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20569) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20273) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (80230 152904) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Florida) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (154722) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Utah) | Hemiauchenia macrocephala (93326) |