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Cormohipparion plicatile

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy
Hippotherium plicatile was named by Leidy (1887). Its type specimen is USNM 3292, a tooth (an upper molar of the right side), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Mixson's Bone Bed, which is in a Hemphillian terrestrial horizon in the Alachua Formation of Florida.

It was recombined as Hipparion plicatile by Spencer (1895), Roger (1896), Trouessart (1898), Hay (1902), Gidley (1907), Sellards (1913), Osborn (1918), Matthew (1924), Simpson (1930), Stirton (1940) and Webb and Perrigo (1984); it was recombined as Neohipparion plicatile by Trouessart (1904), Matthew (1909) and Merriam (1913); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Cormohipparion plicatile by Hulbert (1988), MacFadden (1998) and Woodburne (2007).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1887Hippotherium plicatile Leidy p. 310 fig. yup
1889Hippotherium plicatile Cope p. 444
1895Hipparion plicatile Spencer
1896Hippotherium plicatile Leidy and Lucas p. 50
1896Hipparion plicatile Roger
1898Hipparion plicatile Trouessart
1902Hipparion plicatile Hay p. 620
1904Neohipparion plicatile Trouessart
1907Hipparion plicatile Gidley p. 905
1909Neohipparion plicatile Matthew
1913Neohipparion plicatile Merriam
1913Hipparion plicatile Sellards
1918Hipparion plicatile Osborn p. 192 figs. Text Figs. 155, 155a
1924Hipparion plicatile Matthew
1930Hipparion plicatile Simpson
1940Hipparion plicatile Stirton p. 184
1984Hipparion plicatile Webb and Perrigo
1988Cormohipparion plicatile Hulbert, Jr.
1998Cormohipparion plicatile MacFadden p. 549
2007Hippotherium plicatile Alroy
2007Cormohipparion plicatile Woodburne

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
RankNameAuthor
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
subfamilyEquinae
tribeHipparionini
genusCormohipparion
speciesplicatile()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
H. F. Osborn 1918(Leidy, 1887) (1) Size approximating that of Equus asinus, exceeding
that of H. ingenuum. (2) Triturating surface of metaloph exhibiting a complexly folded condition of.the enamel quite different from that of H. ingenuum. (Gidley, 1907) (3) Type apparently a true molar with the crown at least half worn away by use, hence the elaborate plications [of the metaloph and crochet region] are a distinctive feature; (4) double plicrochet and triple pli caballin folds; (5) single anterior and posterior folds into pre- and postfossettes respectively; (6) protocone oval like that of II. venustum and H. ingenuum. (7) Clearly distinguished from H. ingenuum by its much greater size and by the difference in the character of the enamel foldings.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingsubf
Diet: grazerg
Diet 2: browserg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2009-01-04 10:23:13
Modified: 2009-01-04 12:58:34
Source: g = genus, subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Carroll 1988, MacFadden 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: base of the early Early Hemphillian to the top of the Late/Upper Clarendonian or 10.30000 to 9.40000 Ma

Collections (20 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Florida) Cormohipparion plicatile (18521 18526 18534 18540 18574) Hipparion plicatile (18544)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) Cormohipparion plicatile (18554)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.9USA (Florida) Cormohipparion plicatile (18541)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6USA (Florida) Cormohipparion plicatile (18568)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Cormohipparion plicatile (18564 18578 18581 18602) Hipparion plicatile (18529 18560 type locality: 18563) Hippotherium plicatile (216990)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Honduras Cormohipparion plicatile (18739)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Cormohipparion plicatile (18533)
early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Cormohipparion plicatile (18539)