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Cormohipparion ingenuum
Taxonomy
Hippotherium ingenuum was named by Leidy (1885). Its type specimen is USNM 3306, a tooth (upper molar, perhaps the fotirth large one of the series), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Mixson's Bone Bed, which is in a Hemphillian terrestrial horizon in the Alachua Formation of Florida.
It was synonymized subjectively with Hippotherium gratum by Cope (1889), Leidy and Lucas (1896) and Lucas (1896); it was recombined as Hipparion ingenuum by Spencer (1895), Gidley (1907), Osborn (1918), Hay (1930) and Simpson (1930); it was synonymized subjectively with Hipparion gratum by Hay (1902); it was recombined as Neohipparion ingenuum by Matthew (1909); it was recombined as Nannippus ingenuus by Stirton (1940), Quinn (1955), MacFadden (1984) and MacFadden (1998); it was recombined as Nannippus ingenuum by Forsten (1975); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Cormohipparion ingenuum by Hulbert (1988), Woodburne (2007) and May (2019).
It was synonymized subjectively with Hippotherium gratum by Cope (1889), Leidy and Lucas (1896) and Lucas (1896); it was recombined as Hipparion ingenuum by Spencer (1895), Gidley (1907), Osborn (1918), Hay (1930) and Simpson (1930); it was synonymized subjectively with Hipparion gratum by Hay (1902); it was recombined as Neohipparion ingenuum by Matthew (1909); it was recombined as Nannippus ingenuus by Stirton (1940), Quinn (1955), MacFadden (1984) and MacFadden (1998); it was recombined as Nannippus ingenuum by Forsten (1975); it was considered a nomen dubium by Macdonald (1992); it was recombined as Cormohipparion ingenuum by Hulbert (1988), Woodburne (2007) and May (2019).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1885 | Hippotherium ingenuum Leidy p. 33 figs. text fig. on p. 33 |
1893 | Protohippus lenticularis Cope p. 41 |
1893 | Merychippus lenticularis Cummins |
1895 | Hipparion ingenuum Spencer |
1902 | Merychippus lenticularis Hay p. 617 |
1903 | Neohipparion lenticularis Gidley |
1905 | Merychippus lenticularis Trouessart |
1907 | Hipparion ingenuum Gidley p. 902 |
1907 | Hipparion lenticulare Gidley p. 915 |
1909 | Neohipparion ingenuum Matthew |
1909 | Neohipparion lenticularis Matthew |
1918 | Hipparion lenticulare Matthew |
1918 | Hipparion lenticulare Osborn p. 184 figs. Plates 32.2, 33.5,6,7. Text Figs. 147, 148 148a. |
1918 | Hipparion ingenuum Osborn p. 191 figs. Text Fig. 154 |
1924 | Hipparion lenticulare Matthew |
1930 | Hipparion ingenuum Hay |
1930 | Hipparion lenticulare Hay |
1930 | Hipparion lenticulare Matthew and Stirton |
1930 | Hipparion ingenuum Simpson |
1936 | Nannippus lenticulare Hesse p. 67 |
1940 | Nannippus ingenuus Stirton p. 186 |
1940 | Nannippus lenticularis Stirton p. 186 |
1941 | Nannippus lenticularis Savage |
1950 | Nannippus lenticularis Lance |
1955 | Nannippus ingenuus Quinn |
1973 | Nannippus lenticularis Dalquest and Donovan |
1975 | Nannippus ingenuum Forsten p. 61 figs. Tables 20, 37; Figs. 6, 7 |
1975 | Nannippus lenticulare Forsten p. 64 |
1981 | Nannippus lenticularis Thurmond and Jones p. 185 |
1983 | Nannippus lenticularis Dalquest p. 31 |
1984 | Nannippus ingenuus MacFadden p. 126 figs. 90-92, 97-102, 105, 148, 150 |
1988 | Cormohipparion ingenuum Hulbert, Jr. |
1988 | Nannippus lenticularis Hulbert, Jr. p. 264 |
1998 | Nannippus ingenuus MacFadden p. 549 |
2007 | Hippotherium ingenuum Alroy |
2007 | Cormohipparion ingenuum Woodburne |
2019 | Cormohipparion ingenuum May |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Cormohipparion ingenuum Leidy 1885
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Invalid names: Protohippus lenticularis Cope 1893 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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H. F. Osborn 1918 | (Leidy, 1885, Gidley, 1907) (1) An animal little more than half the size of the domestic horse, E.
cahallus. (2) Foldings of the metaloph within the pre- and postfossettes, four anterior, three posterior; (3) single anterior and posterior folds in pre- and postfossette respectively; (4) prominent crochet fold and pli caballin; (5) internal islet [protocone] elliptical instead of circular. (Gidley) (6) An animal little larger than the type of H. venustum Leidy; (7) difl'ering from H. venustum only in the characters pointed out by Leidy, which are slight and of little value. (8) Widely separated in size, in the form of the protocone, and in the enamel plications from H.-montezuma. | |
H. F. Osborn 1918 (Hipparion lenticulare) | (Cope, 1893, Gidley, 1907)·(I) by the absolutely len-
ticular section of the protocone, which presents acute angles anteriorly and posteriorly and convex surfaces internally and externally; (2) enamel borders of fossettes moder- ately complex [relatively simple], in type only three folds projecting into prefossette and three folds [in paratype] into postfossette; (3) crown quite strongly curved transversely. (4) An animal about the size of Hippodon speciosus Leidy. | |
A. -M. Forsten 1975 | Hypsodont. Protocone lenticular or long-oval, with spur or anterolabially oblique in early wear. Plication count high; pli dihypostyle but no hypoconallake. The crochet may remain disconnected in early wear. Lower teeth with wide, flaring metaconid-metastylid column; labial groove shallow or occasionally deep in premolars, deep in molars. Parastylid, pli caballinid, and additional plications in flexids common. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, MacFadden 1998 |
Age range: base of the Langhian to the top of the Early/Lower Clarendonian or 15.97000 to 9.40000 Ma
Collections (34 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Miocene | USA (Florida) | Cormohipparion ingenuum (18521 18534 18574 18600) Hipparion ingenuum (18544) | |
Miocene | USA (Texas) | Cormohipparion ingenuum (18687) | |
Langhian | USA (Florida) | Cormohipparion ingenuum (18569) | |
Clarendonian | USA (Texas) | Cormohipparion ingenuum, Nannippus sp. (18623) Nannippus sp. (18610 18640 18645) | |
Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | Cormohipparion ingenuum (18588) | |
Early/Lower Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | Cormohipparion ingenuum (18536 161375) | |
Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | Cormohipparion ingenuum (18554) | |
Early/Lower Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Cormohipparion ingenuum (18547) | |
Late/Upper Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | Nannippus sp. (18683) | |
Tortonian - Zanclean | USA (Florida) | Cormohipparion ingenuum (18501 18568) | |
Hemphillian | Honduras | Cormohipparion ingenuum (18732 18739 18750) | |
Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | Protohippus lenticularis (18175) | |
Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Cormohipparion ingenuum (18529 18560 18578 18581 18602) Cormohipparion sp. (18601) Hipparion ingenuum (type locality: 18563) Hipparion ingenuum, Cormohipparion ingenuum (18556) | |
Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Cormohipparion ingenuum (18533) | |
early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Cormohipparion ingenuum (18539) | |
late Early Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Cormohipparion ingenuum (18552) |