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Canis lupus (gray wolf)

Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae

Taxonomy
Canis lupus was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant.

Subspecies
Canis occidentalis furlongi
Sister species lacking formal opinion data
C. kronstadtensis, C. multicuspus, C. ocropus, C. orientalis

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Canis lupus Linnaeus p. 39
1775Canis lycaon Schreber
1823Canis nubilus Say
1829Canis occidentalis Richardson
1831Canis pallipes Sykes
1839Canis hodophilax Temminck
1841Lupus orientalis Wagner
1841Canis variabilis Wied-Neuwied
1847Lupus laniger Hodgson
1850Lupus gigas Townsend
1863Canis chanco Gray
1873Canis occidentalis Leidy p. 230
1874Canis niger Sclater p. 654
1875Lupus chanco Bourguignat
1875Lupus occidentalis Bourguignat
1902Canis occidentalis Hay p. 776
1905Canis pambasileus Elliot
1908Lupus filchneri Matschie
1908Lupus karanorensis Matschie
1908Lupus tschiliensis Matschie
1911Lupus altaicus Noak
1911Canis lupus Thomas p. 134
1912Canis milleri Merriam
1912Canis occidentalis Merriam
1912Canis milleri Merriam p. 247 figs. Figures 27-31
1912Canis tundrarum Miller
1918Aenocyon milleri Merriam
1927Canis lupus Boule and De Villeneuve p. 50 figs. Pl 7
1927Canis furlongi Hay
1931Canis occidentalis Elftman p. 7
1935Canis nubilus Schultz and Howard p. 284
1938Canis petrolei Stock
1967Canis lupus Wilson p. 211
1968Canis lupus Kurten p. 109
1974Canis lupus Mech
1978Canis lupus van Gelder
1980Canis lupus Kurten and Anderson p. 169
1999Canis lupus Goodman and Pidgeon p. 261
2008Canis lupus Wang et al.
2009Canis lupus Tedford et al. p. 148
2018Canis lupus Jiangzuo et al. p. 95
2022Canis lupus Koufos

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
—CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
familyCanidae
subfamilyCaninaeGill 1872
genusCanis
specieslupus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758 [gray wolf]
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Invalid names: Canis chanco Gray 1863 [synonym], Canis furlongi Hay 1927 [synonym], Canis hodophilax Temminck 1839 [synonym], Canis lycaon Schreber 1775 [synonym], Canis milleri Merriam 1912 [synonym], Canis niger Sclater 1874 [synonym], Canis nubilus Say 1823 [synonym], Canis occidentalis Richardson 1829 [synonym], Canis pallipes Sykes 1831 [synonym], Canis pambasileus Elliot 1905 [synonym], Canis petrolei Stock 1938 [synonym], Canis tundrarum Miller 1912 [synonym], Canis variabilis Wied-Neuwied 1841 [synonym], Lupus altaicus Noak 1911 [synonym], Lupus filchneri Matschie 1908 [synonym], Lupus gigas Townsend 1850 [synonym], Lupus karanorensis Matschie 1908 [synonym], Lupus laniger Hodgson 1847 [synonym], Lupus orientalis Wagner 1841 [synonym], Lupus tschiliensis Matschie 1908 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: carnivores
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2009-01-04 14:11:38
Modified: 2009-01-04 16:11:38
Source: s = species, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Van Valkenburgh 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: base of the Villanyian to the top of the Holocene or 3.20000 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (125 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Russian Federation Canis lupus (76530)
Villanyian3.2 - 2.588Hungary (Barany) Canis lupus (35369)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Hungary (Barany) Canis lupus (35442)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Italy (Verona) Canis lupus (43644)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781France (Alpes Maritimes) Canis lupus (50342)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Turkey Canis lupus (39314)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Greece (Peloponnisos) Canis lupus (34766)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.588 - 0.129Greece (Thessaly) Canis lupus (34808)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.588 - 0.129Czech Republic Canis lupus (35907)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Italy (Sicily) Canis lupus (94328)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Italy (Puglia) Canis lupus (44091)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Tajikistan Canidae indet. (34102) Canis mosbachensis (34104)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Italy Canis lupus (197961)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Poland Canis lupus (197960)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Germany (Thuringia) Canis lupus (22728)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Italy (Verona) Canis lupus (43656)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Germany (Baden-Wuerttemberg) Canis lupus (50242)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Mexico (Jalisco) Canis dirus (20285) Canis lupus (212356)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Alaska) Canis sp. (20297 20346)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Iowa) Canis lupus (20556)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3Canada (Yukon) Canis lupus (20434)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129United Kingdom (Suffolk) Canis lupus (49814)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Spain Canis lupus (34926)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Japan (Aomori) Canis lupus (101897)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Baden-Wuerttemberg) Canis lupus (50199 50259)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy (Verona) Canis lupus (43649 43650 43651 43653 43654 43664)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy (Lazio Region) Canis lupus (36134)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Turkey Canis lupus (43008)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Spain (Valencia) Canis lupus (221422 221425)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129United Kingdom (Norfolk) Canis lupus (49816)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Canis lupus (49999 50196 50198)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Czech Republic Canis lupus (36214 36219)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Austria (Niederoesterreich) Canis lupus (50258)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Spain (Soria) Canis lupus (73761)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Spain (Castilla-Leon) Canis lupus (34927)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129China (Guizhou) Canis lupus (51100)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy (Roma) Canis lupus (44090)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129France (Haute-Garonne) Canis lupus (49089)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Niedersachsen) Canis lupus (50249)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Canis lupus (36206)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Bayern) Canis lupus (36220)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy (Trieste) Canis lupus (40808 43699)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Kazakhstan Canis lupus (40497)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Italy (Trieste) Canis lupus (43702)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Monaco Canis lupus (191730)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117France (Poitou-Charentes) Canis lupus (43618)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (California) Canis milleri, Canis occidentalis (150336)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Canis lupus (90036 197938)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain (Valencia) Canis lupus (205285 221415)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Hungary (Barany) Canis lupus (197461)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece Canis lupus (203847)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Canis lupus (82258)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Canis lupus (93181)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Canis lupus (155393)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Canis lupus (93277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Canis lupus (74292)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Japan (Aomori) Canis lupus (101898 101899 195045)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (South Dakota) Canis lupus (93333)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117United Kingdom (England) Canis lupus (93828)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Russian Federation (Respublika Saha (Jakutija)) Canis lupus (48587)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Oklahoma) Canis nubilus (216271)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Ioannina) Canis lupus (208564 208565)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Canis lupus (154921)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Indiana) Canis lupus (20600)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Portugal Canis lupus (197768)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Oregon) Canis occidentalis (93251)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Canis lupus (13066)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Yukon) Canis sp. (20626)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117France (Poitou-Charentes) Canis lupus (43619 43629 43631 43632)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Peloponnesus) Canis lupus (184245 208563)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117France Canis lupus (43630)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Russian Federation Canis lupus (79548)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Utah) Canis lupus (93329)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Norway Canis lupus (227461)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Netherlands Canis lupus (82530)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Canis lupus (93141) Canis nubilus (93281)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Michigan) Canis lupus (200622)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Italy (Vicenza) Canis lupus (43689)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Saskatchewan) Canis lupus (20590)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Montana) Canis lupus (93182)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Alberta) Canis lupus (20615)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117China (Heilongjiang) Canis lupus (230983)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Portugal (Leiria) Canis lupus (230380)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Canis lupus (104689)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Greece (Peloponnesus) Canis lupus (184243)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (New Mexico) Canis lupus (93376)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Utah) Canis lupus (93326)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0North Atlantic Canis lupus (102954)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Netherlands Canis lupus (55533)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Manitoba) Canis lupus (229538)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sudan Canis lupus (208787)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Maine) Canis occidentalis (122450)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Ontario) Canis lupus (221863)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Greenland Canis lupus (162014)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Washington) Canis lupus (215546)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Nunavut) Canis lupus (228928)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Ohio) Canis lupus (195062)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Alaska) Canis lupus (220460)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0France Canis lupus (59150)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Greece (Attica) Canis lupus (183130)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Russian Federation Canis lupus (175940)