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Mammut (mastodon)
Taxonomy
Mammut was named by Blumenbach (1799).
It was assigned to Elephantidae by Hay (1902); to Palaeomastodontidae by Madden (1980); to Mammutinae by McKenna and Bell (1997) and Shoshani and Tassy (2005); to Mastodontidae by Thurmond and Jones (1981) and Eshelman et al. (2018); and to Mammutidae by Blumenbach (1799), Wilson (1967), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Miller (1987), Carroll (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989), Abraczinskas (1993), Shoshani and Tassy (1996), Lambert and Shoshani (1998), Konidaris and Tsoukala (2019) and Dooley et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Elephantidae by Hay (1902); to Palaeomastodontidae by Madden (1980); to Mammutinae by McKenna and Bell (1997) and Shoshani and Tassy (2005); to Mastodontidae by Thurmond and Jones (1981) and Eshelman et al. (2018); and to Mammutidae by Blumenbach (1799), Wilson (1967), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Miller (1987), Carroll (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989), Abraczinskas (1993), Shoshani and Tassy (1996), Lambert and Shoshani (1998), Konidaris and Tsoukala (2019) and Dooley et al. (2019).
Species
M. americanum (syn. Tetracaulodon mastodontoideum, Tapirus mastodontoides, Pliomastodon adamsi, Elephas americanus, Elephas texianus, Elephas imperator, M. ohioticum, M. progenium, Mastodon giganteum), M. borsoni, M. cosoensis, M. floridanum, M. furlongi, M. matthewi (syn. Pliomastodon sellardsi, Pliomastodon vexillarius, M. nevadanus), M. mirificum, M. pacificus, Mastodon (Tetralophodon), Mastodon argentinus, Mastodon lydekkeri, Mastodon maderianus, Mastodon raki, Mastodon rectus, Mastodon spenceri, Mastodon tarijensis, Mastodon waringi
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1799 | Mammut Blumenbach |
| 1817 | Mastodon Cuvier |
| 1825 | Mastodon Gray p. 342 |
| 1830 | Tetracaulodon Godman |
| 1840 | Missourium Koch |
| 1841 | Leviathan Koch |
| 1848 | Mastodon Owen p. 139 |
| 1860 | Mastodon Leidy p. 108 |
| 1860 | Mastodon Nordmann p. 288 |
| 1873 | Mastodon Leidy p. 330 |
| 1880 | Mastodon Lydekker |
| 1902 | Mammut Hay p. 707 |
| 1916 | Mastodon Stefani p. 10 |
| 1918 | Mastodon Osborn |
| 1919 | Mastodon Abel p. 826 |
| 1926 | Mastodon Oliver Schneider p. 150 |
| 1926 | Pliomastodon Osborn |
| 1967 | Mammut Wilson p. 213 |
| 1980 | Mammut Kurten and Anderson p. 344 |
| 1980 | Mammut Madden p. 58 |
| 1980 | Pliomastodon Madden p. 58 |
| 1981 | Mammut Thurmond and Jones p. 180 |
| 1987 | Mammut Miller p. 171 |
| 1987 | Pliomastodon Tedford et al. |
| 1988 | Mammut Carroll |
| 1988 | Pliomastodon Carroll |
| 1989 | Mammut Shoshani et al. p. 436 |
| 1993 | Mammut Abraczinskas p. 345 |
| 1996 | Mammut Shoshani and Tassy p. 352 |
| 1997 | Mammut McKenna and Bell p. 500 |
| 1998 | Mammut Lambert and Shoshani p. 610 |
| 2005 | Mammut Shoshani and Tassy p. 9 figs. Table 2.1 |
| 2018 | Mammut Eshelman et al. p. 10 |
| 2019 | Mammut Dooley et al. p. 4 |
| 2019 | Mammut Konidaris and Tsoukala |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Mammut Blumenbach 1799 [mastodon]
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†Mammut americanum Kerr 1792 [American mastodon]
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†Mastodon americanus alaskensis Frick 1933
Invalid names: Elephas americanus De Kay 1842 [synonym], Mammut ohioticum Blumenbach 1797 [synonym], Mammut progenium Hay 1914 [synonym], Mastodon giganteum Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Pliomastodon adamsi Hibbard 1944 [synonym], Tapirus mastodontoides Harlan 1825 [synonym], Tetracaulodon mastodontoideum Godman 1830 [synonym]
†Mammut borsoni Hays 1834
†Mammut cosoensis Schultz 1937
†Mammut floridanum Leidy 1886
†Mammut furlongi Shotwell and Russell 1963
†Mammut matthewi Osborn 1921
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Invalid names: Mammut nevadanus [synonym], Pliomastodon sellardsi Simpson 1930 [synonym], Pliomastodon vexillarius Matthew 1930 [synonym]
†Mammut pacificus Dooley et al. 2019
Invalid names: Leviathan Koch 1841 [synonym], Mastodon Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Missourium Koch 1840 [synonym], Pliomastodon Osborn 1926 [synonym], Tetracaulodon Godman 1830 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Body mass estimates
| estimate | equation | reference |
|---|---|---|
| 8.02 tons | Mammalia femur circumference | Anderson et al. 1985 |
| 8.25 tons | Mammalia humerus circumference | Anderson et al. 1985 |
| mean: 8.13 tons | ||
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| femur circumference | 3 | 390.0 | 315.0 | 463.6 | 406.4 | 74.9 | |
| fibula circumference | 1 | 234.0 | - | - | - | - | |
| humerus circumference | 2 | 455.6 | 419.1 | 495.3 | 457.2 | 53.9 | |
| tibia circumference | 3 | 352.3 | 279.4 | 440.0 | 355.6 | 80.3 | |
| ulna circumference | 3 | 331.1 | 304.8 | 381.0 | 312.5 | 41.9 |
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| Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Lambert and Shoshani 1998, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Collections (607 total)