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Pseudhipparion

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy
Pseudhipparion was named by Ameghino (1904). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Nannippus by Stirton (1940).

It was assigned to Equidae by Ameghino (1904), Webb (1969), Webb and Hulbert (1986) and Carroll (1988); to Hippotheriini by Prothero and Schoch (1989); and to Hipparionini by Kelly (1995), MacFadden (1998) and May (2019).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1904Pseudhipparion Ameghino
1955Griphippus Quinn p. 42
1969Pseudhipparion Webb
1986Pseudhipparion Webb and Hulbert, Jr.
1988Pseudhipparion Carroll
1989Pseudhipparion Prothero and Schoch p. 532
1995Pseudhipparion Kelly p. 26
1998Pseudhipparion MacFadden p. 547
2019Pseudhipparion May

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
subfamilyEquinae
tribeHipparionini
genusPseudhipparion

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Pseudhipparion Ameghino 1904
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†Pseudhipparion gratum Leidy 1869
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Invalid names: Neohipparion niobrarense Gidley 1906 [synonym]
†Pseudhipparion hessei Webb and Hulbert, Jr. 1986
†Pseudhipparion simpsoni Webb and Hulbert, Jr. 1986
†Pseudhipparion skinneri Webb and Hulbert, Jr. 1986
Invalid names: Griphippus Quinn 1955 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
J. H. Quinn 1955 (Griphippus)Slightly larger than Calippus; protocones oval and connected to partly disconnected; hypoconal groove closed nearly to summit of crowns; para- stylid present; pli cabal'linid absent or vestigial.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingsubf
Diet: grazerg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: grazer-browser based on stable isotopes (MacFadden and Cerling 1996) but C3-C4 grazer based on hypsodonty, isotopes, and microwear (MacFadden et al. 1999)g
Created: 2009-01-04 10:27:32
Modified: 2009-01-04 12:56:21
Source: g = genus, subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, MacFadden 1998

Age range: base of the Langhian to the top of the Piacenzian or 15.97000 to 2.58800 Ma

Collections (155 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Texas) P. hessei (18103) P. skinneri (18687)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Oklahoma) Nannippus sp. (18105)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (South Dakota) Nannippus gratus (18064) P. gratum (18038 18389 18390 18391 18392 18395) P. retrusum (18183) P. sp. (18113 18182 18184 18318 18370 18386 18387)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Colorado) P. sp. (18310)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Montana) P. sp. (18931)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Florida) P. skinneri (18510 18521 18540 18571 18574)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Nebraska) P. gratum (18213) P. retrusum (18274)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Neohipparion niobrarense (18165) P. retrusum (18124 18216 18442 18443)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (South Dakota) P. sp. (18117)
Barstovian - Clarendonian16.3 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) P. retrusum (18077)
Barstovian - Early/Lower Clarendonian16.3 - 9.4USA (Kansas) P. sp. (18187)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82USA (Florida) P. skinneri (18569)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608USA (Florida) P. skinneri (161381)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) P. gratum (18042 18060 18061 18092 18095 18108 18221 18222 18226 18233 18251 18324 18328 18440 18467 188779) P. gratum, P. skinneri (18468 18496) P. retrusum (18078 18082 18106 18148 18159 18176 18217 18242 18243 18260 18334 18372 18413 18414 18466) P. skinneri (18135 18214 18218 18227 18231 18245 18333 18425 18458) P. sp. (18314 18315 18316 18366)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Kansas) Griphippus sp. (18449) P. sp. (18186 18219)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (South Dakota) Nannippus gratus (18474 18475 18478 18481 18482 18485 18486 18487 18490 18492) P. gratum (18063 18200 18268 18344 18406) P. retrusum (18428) P. sp. (18249)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Texas) Nannippus gratus (18347) P. curtivallum (18610 18611 18623 18640 18645) P. hessei (18104 18149 18179 18244) P. sp. (18096 18127)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Oklahoma) P. gratum (18045) P. skinneri (18130) P. sp. (18463)
Early/Lower Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) P. curtivallum (18536 161374) P. sp. (161377)
Early/Lower Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) P. sp. (18129)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (New Mexico) Griphippus gratus (19528)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) P. gratum (18066 37803)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) P. skinneri (18554)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.9USA (Wyoming) Merychippus sp. (18424) P. retrusum (18146)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) P. gratum (18065 18134 18180 18236 18295)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.9USA (South Dakota) P. gratum (18352)
Clarendonian - Pliocene12.5 - 2.588USA (Oklahoma) P. gratum (170181) P. sp. (170182 170183)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (Florida) P. sp. (18509)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6USA (Florida) P. curtivallum (18501) P. skinneri (18568)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Kansas) P. sp. (18046)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Griphippus sp. (18556) Hippotherium gratum (216990) P. simpsoni (18577 18584) P. simpsoni, P. skinneri (18581) P. skinneri (18601) P. sp. (18560)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Georgia) P. simpsoni (93077)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Oklahoma) P. simpsoni (18076 125717)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) P. simpsoni (18532 18573)
early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) P. skinneri (18539)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588USA (North Carolina) P. simpsoni (18550)