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Neohipparion

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1903Neohipparion Gidley
1907Neohipparion Gidley p. 867
1913Neohipparion Scott p. 290
1933Hipparion sanjuanensis Frick p. 549
1940Neohipparion Stirton
1942Neohipparion Gregory
1955Neohipparion Quinn p. 63
1963Neohipparion Mooser p. 394
1969Neohipparion Webb
1975Neohipparion Forsten
1981Hesperohipparion Dalquest p. 506
1984Neohipparion MacFadden p. 75
1988Neohipparion Carroll
1989Neohipparion Prothero and Schoch p. 532
1991Neohipparion Baskin p. 999
1991Neohipparion (Hesperohipparion) Baskin p. 999
1995Neohipparion Kelly p. 26
1998Neohipparion MacFadden p. 548
2006Neohipparion Hulbert and Whitmore p. 13
2019Neohipparion May

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
subfamilyEquinae
tribeHipparionini
genusNeohipparion

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Neohipparion Gidley 1903
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Neohipparion affine Leidy 1869
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Invalid names: Hippotherium speciosum Leidy 1854 [synonym], Neohipparion dolichops Gidley 1906 [synonym], Neohipparion whitneyi Gidley 1903 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Hesperohipparion stirtoni Dalquest 1981 [synonym], Hippotherium rectidens Cope 1886 [synonym], Neohipparion arellanoi Stirton 1955 [synonym], Neohipparion floresi Stirton 1955 [synonym], Neohipparion molle Merriam 1915 [synonym], Neohipparion monias Mooser 1963 [synonym], Neohipparion otomii Mooser 1959 [synonym], Neohipparion phosphorum Simpson 1930 [synonym]
Neohipparion gidleyi Merriam 1915
Neohipparion leptode Merriam 1915
Neohipparion trampasense Edwards 1982
Invalid names: Hesperohipparion Dalquest 1981 [synonym], Neohipparion sanjuanensis Frick 1933 [nomen nudum]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
J. W. Gidley 1903
Generic characters.- Protocone free, except at base, as in Hip- parion. Protoconecomparativelylargeandmuchexpandedantero- posteriorly. Enamel foldings simple. The median external basal column present in the lower milk molars as in Hipparion, but much shorterandmoreexpandedanteroposteriorly. Lateraldigitsmuch reduced.
W. W. Dalquest 1981 (Hesperohipparion)ipparions withtheprotoconesoftheuppercheekteethisolated,except thattheprotoconeofp2issometimesconnectedtotheprotolophinveryearlyorverylate
stagesofwear;protoconesmuchantero-posteriorlyelongated,usuallywith pointedends andsinuous,concave orstraightlingualborders,but not convexlingualmargins;lower
cheek teeth very high-crowned and upper part of crown anteroposteriorlyexpanded;
metaconidandmetastylidalmostprostrateinearlystagesofwear,withlongaxesofcusps
paralleltolongaxisoftooth,andwidelyseparatedbylong,shallowlinguaflexid;median
lingualspuroftenpresentincenteroflinguaflexid,plicaballinidstronglydevelopedand plicated. In more advanced stages of wear, metaconid and metastylid column
converging. In lower part of crown, tooth shorter anteroposteriorly,metaconids and
metastylids shorter and rounder, and linguaflexids shorter and broadly "U" shaped. Ectoflexids of premolars shallow, with metaconid and metastylid appearing to be elevated on the isthmus; ectoflexids of molars shallow, not penetrating between
metaconid and metastylid at any stage of wear; parastylids moderately to strongly developed but not isolated in cementum.
B. J. MacFadden 1984Medium to large-size. Moderately to very hypsodont. Mean TRL 127.30mm to ca.150.00mm. Unworn or little-worn MlMSTHT range between ca. 35 to 71 mm. DPOF poorly developed (shallow) or absent. Anterior portion of DPOF, if present, is developed on the nasal and maxillary bones and fades into the surrounding facial region. Posterior portion of the DPOF if present, is developed on the nasal, maxillary, and sometimes lacrimal bones. Also, if present, posterior portion of the DPOF is very shallow and it usually lacks a well-developed rim or pocket (except in the dorsal and posterior margins in primitive forms). In the upper cheek teeth, protocones very elongate. In the lower cheek teeth of some species, e.g., N. eurystyle, there are well-developed pli hypoconids, pli caballinids, isthmuses, and elongate entoconids and hypolophids. The degree of enamel plications varies from simple to complex. Metapodials moderate to very long.
Neohipparion differs from most Holarctic species of Hipparion sensu stricto in numerous dental characters, e.g., relatively
elongated protocones and (except for N. coloradense and some N.affine) extreme development of the pli caballinid. Neohipparion
differs from most Old World species and all North American species of Hipparion sensu stricto in the morphology of the DPOF. Neohipparion differs from Nannippus in larger size, numerous dental characters, e.g., more elongate protocones and complex enamel plications, and, except for primitive species, the development of the DPOF. Neohipparion differs from Cormohipparion in numerous dental characters, e.g., development of the pli caballinid and ectoflexid, and morphology of the DPOF.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingsubf
Diet: grazerg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: mixed feeder based on stable isotopes (MacFadden and Cerling 1996) but C4 grazer based on hypsodonty, isotopes, and microwear (MacFadden et al. 1999)g
Created: 2009-01-04 10:29:14
Modified: 2009-01-04 12:54:35
Source: g = genus, subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, MacFadden 1998, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Barstovian to the top of the Early/Lower Pliocene or 15.97000 to 3.60000 Ma

Collections (151 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Kansas) N. eurystyle (18338)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (California) Hipparion trampasense (19379) Nannippus tehonensis (19584) N. gidleyi (19420 19614) N. trampasense (19570)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Florida) N. eurystyle (18510) N. trampasense (18521 18574)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (South Dakota) N. whitneyi (18038 18113 18114)
Barstovian15.97 - 13.6USA (New Mexico) N. sp. (19435)
Barstovian15.97 - 13.6Canada (Saskatchewan) Hipparion sp. (18758 18761 18786 18788 18789 18790 18792 18797)
Barstovian15.97 - 13.6Mexico (Oaxaca) N. sp. (18722)
Early/Lower Barstovian15.97 - 13.6USA (Nebraska) N. sp. (17880 17904 17919 17955 18019)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608USA (Florida) N. trampasense (161381)
Barstovian - Clarendonian15.97 - 10.3USA (Nebraska) Hippotherium speciosum (190543)
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (Nebraska) N. affine (18095 18143 18324 18336 188779) N. affine, N. trampasense (18171 18221 18227) N. trampasense (18135 18214 18231 18245 18333 18425 18496)
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (Florida) N. eurystyle (18588)
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (California) Nannippus sp. (19378) Nannippus tehonensis (19391) N. sp. (19393)
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (South Dakota) N. affine (18325)
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (Kansas) N. affine (18449)
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (Texas) N. affine (18179 18244 18611) N. sp. (18610 207452 207489)
Early/Lower Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (Florida) N. sp. (161377)
Late/Upper Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (Florida) N. trampasense (18554)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian13.6 - 4.9USA (South Dakota) N. dolichops, N. whitneyi (18087)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian13.6 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) N. affine (18256) N. leptode (18181 18305 18326)
Late/Upper Clarendonian - Hemphillian13.6 - 4.9USA (Texas) N. sp. (18307)
Late/Upper Clarendonian - late Early Hemphillian13.6 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) N. eurystyle (18298)
Clarendonian - Pliocene13.6 - 2.588USA (Oklahoma) N. sp. (170194)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (Florida) Hipparion phosphorum, N. eurystyle (18505)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6USA (Florida) N. eurystyle (18548) N. trampasense (18568)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Guatemala N. affine (18716)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Alabama) Hipparion phosphorum (81498) N. eurystyle (18559)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Guanajuato) N. eurystyle (18718)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Michoacán) N. eurystyle (212337)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Oregon) N. leptode (19015)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) N. eurystyle (18520 18529 18560 18564 18577 18581 18584 18601 18602) N. phosphorum (18556)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Nayarit) N. eurystyle (212338 212339)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Kansas) N. eurystyle (18055 18140 18342 79633) N. leptode (18263) N. trampasense (18415)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nevada) N. leptode (19095)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Oklahoma) N. eurystyle, Hipparion sp. (18304) N. leptode (18034 18088)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Michoacan) N. sp. (18717)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Jalisco) N. eurystyle (18745 189788 189790 232513)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Hidalgo) N. rectidens (18746)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Zacatecas) N. eurystyle (212341 212342)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (California) N. eurystyle (19479) N. molle (19537)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Texas) Equus eurystylus (18175) N. eurystyle (18073 18377) N. leptode (18072 18198) N. leptode, N. eurystyle (18097)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Honduras N. sp. (18750)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) Hipparion eurystyle (18323) N. eurystyle (18158 18201 18225) N. leptode (18086)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Zacatecas) N. eurystyle (157349 157351 175256)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Texas) N. eurystyle (18036 18093 18110 18340)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (California) N. leptode (19582)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) N. eurystyle (18532 18553 18573 18599 18603)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Canada (Alberta) N. eurystyle (18757)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) N. eurystyle (18126 18247 18359)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Montana) N. sp. (18880 19121)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Guanajuato) N. eurystyle (18713 18740) N. eurystyle, N. monias, N. otomii (18737)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Hidalgo) N. eurystyle (18733)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9Mexico (Chihuahua) N. arellanoi (18755) N. floresi (18734)
early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) N. sp. (18539)
late Early Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (California) N. leptode (156740)
late Early Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) N. eurystyle (18552)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6USA (California) N. sp. (178906 178907)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) N. eurystyle (52582)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8Mexico (Hidalgo) N. eurystyle (20079)