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Hippotherium

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy
Hippotherium was named by Kaup (1832) [named as a subgenus of Equus; type European E. gracilis; date also said to be 1833]. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hipparion by Hay (1902), Osborn (1918), MacFadden (1998) and Pesquero et al. (2006).

It was assigned to Perissodactyla by Owen (1848); to Solipedia by Leidy (1860); to Palaeotheriinae by Cope (1881); to Hippotheriinae by Cope (1889); to Hippotheriini by Prothero and Schoch (1989); to Hipparionini by Alroy (2002) and Alroy (2008); and to Equidae by Kaup (1833) and Böhme et al. (2017).

Species
H. primigenium
Species lacking formal opinion data
H. brachypus, H. catalaunicum

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1832Hippotherium Kaup
1833Hippotherium Kaup
1848Hippotherium Owen p. 139
1860Hippotherium Leidy p. 105
1881Hippotherium Cope p. 399
1889Hippotherium Cope p. 429
1989Hippotherium Prothero and Schoch p. 532
2002Hippotherium Alroy
2008Hippotherium Alroy
2017Hippotherium Böhme et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
subfamilyEquinae
tribeHipparionini
genusHippotheriumKaup 1832

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Hippotherium Kaup 1832
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†Hippotherium primigenium von Meyer 1829
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingsubf
Diet: grazersubf
Diet 2: browsersubf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-31 14:56:53
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:56:53
Source: subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, MacFadden 1998

Age range: base of the Langhian to the top of the Piacenzian or 15.97000 to 2.58800 Ma

Collections (143 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (South Dakota) Neohipparion occidentale (18388 18389 18390 18392)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (California) Hipparion mohavense (19147) H. sp. (19293)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Nevada) H. sp. (18857)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Texas) Cormohipparion occidentale (18103) Neohipparion occidentale (18606 18678 18687 18689)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Georgia) Cormohipparion sp. (18592)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333India (Madhya Pradesh) Equus primigenius (232179)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Maryland) Cormohipparion sp. (18593)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Florida) H. sp. (18507)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Mexico (Chiapas) Cormohipparion sp. (18726)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Mexico (Oaxaca) Cormohipparion sp. (18727)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333Pakistan Equus primigenius (232178)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333USA (Oregon) Hipparion anthonyi (18930)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (New Mexico) H. sp. (19435)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Texas) Neohipparion occidentale (18629)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Cormohipparion sp. (18123) Cormohipparion sphenodus (18443)
Barstovian - Clarendonian16.3 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) H. sp. (18077)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82USA (Florida) Cormohipparion occidentale (18569)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene15.97 - 5.333Spain (Catalonia) H. primigenium (199537)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Moldova (Chișinău) H. sarmaticum (210536) H. sp. (210590)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Ethiopia Hipparion primigenium (22157)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Tunisia (Gafsa) Hipparion primigenium (35277 35279 35280)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246France (Maine-et-Loire) Hipparion primigenium (54136)
Sarmatian12.7 - 11.608Romania (Vaslui) H. sp. (197472)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Oregon) Hipparion condoni (18816 18821 18822 18825 18830)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (South Dakota) Cormohipparion occidentale (18200) Hipparion occidentale (18428) H. sp. (18268) Neohipparion occidentale (18406 18475 18476 18478 18482 18485 18486 18490)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Oklahoma) Cormohipparion occidentale (18130 18463) Neohipparion coloradense (18045)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Kansas) Neohipparion occidentale (18449)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Texas) Cormohipparion occidentale (18104 18179 18623) Cormohipparion sp. (18096) H. sp. (18244 18355) Neohipparion occidentale (18610) Neohipparion sp. (18611 18640 18645)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nevada) Neohipparion occidentale (18835 18888)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (California) Hipparion mohavense (19190 19454 19515 19539)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Cormohipparion occidentale (18092 18171 18222) Cormohipparion sp. (18257 18260) Hipparion occidentale (18299) H. sp. (18095 18214 18217 18496) Neohipparion occidentale (18060 18108 18156 18221 18226 18233 18251 18294)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Neohipparion occidentale (18066)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.9USA (Oklahoma) Cormohipparion occidentale (70119)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) Cormohipparion occidentale (18065 18236 18295) Cormohipparion sp. (18134) Neohipparion occidentale (18023)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (Florida) Cormohipparion sphenodus (18509)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (California) Cormohipparion sp. (19302)
Tortonian - Messinian11.62 - 5.333Kenya H. primigenium (22241)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6Ethiopia Hipparion primigenium (22158)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6Kenya Hipparion primigenium (22236)
Vallesian11.608 - 8.7Spain (Catalonia) H. catalaunicum (193491 193495)
Vallesian11.608 - 8.7Iraq Hipparion primigenium (41735)
Vallesian11.608 - 8.7Spain (Segovia) Hipparion primigenium (40768)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Greece (Attica) H. brachypus (202630 202631)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Turkey Hipparion primigenium (56563)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333El Salvador Cormohipparion occidentale (18720)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Morocco H. primigenium (210194)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Bulgaria (Blagoevgrad) H. brachypus (197445)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Algeria Hipparion primigenium (34642 34643)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Greece (Attiki) H. brachypus (195555)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333South Africa Hipparion primigenium (22219)
MN 911.1 - 9.7Hungary (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén) H. intrans, H. sp. (75481)
MN 911.1 - 9.7Slovakia H. primigenium (69718)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Kansas) Cormohipparion occidentale (18237 18263 18415)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Oklahoma) Cormohipparion occidentale (18034)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Texas) Cormohipparion occidentale (18072 18073 18097 18198 18211)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Oregon) H. sp. (19015)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Cormohipparion ingenuum (18553)
MN 109.7 - 8.7Turkey (Thrace) H. primigenium (67661 67662)
MN 109.7 - 8.7Slovakia H. primigenium (69717)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Turkey H. brachypus (151910)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Greece (Makedonia Thraki) H. brachypus (157582)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Bulgaria H. brachypus (208566 208567 208568 208569)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Ravenna) H. malpassii (144566)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588Kenya (Turkana District) Hipparion primigenium (21332)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya Hipparion primigenium (22234)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya (Turkana District) Hipparion primigenium (21336)
Zanclean - Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Kenya Hipparion primigenium (22282)
Piacenzian - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117Kenya Hipparion primigenium (22238)