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Raphicerus

Mammalia - Bovidae

Taxonomy
Raphicerus was named by Smith (1827). It is extant.

It was assigned to Bovidae by Carroll (1988); to Antilopinae by Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); and to Neotragini by Grubb (2001) and Gentry (2010).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1827Raphicerus Smith
1988Raphicerus Carroll
2001Raphicerus Grubb p. 377
2008Raphicerus Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 979 figs. Fig. 5
2010Raphicerus Gentry p. 758

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
RankNameAuthor
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
familyBovidae
subfamilyAntilopinaeGray 1821
tribeNeotraginiSclater and Thomas 1894
genusRaphicerusSmith 1827

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Raphicerus Smith 1827
show all | hide all
†Raphicerus campestris Thunberg 1811 [steenbok]
Raphicerus melanotis Thunberg 1811 [Cape grysbok]
†Raphicerus paralius Gentry 1980
Raphicerus sharpei Thomas 1897 [Sharpe's grysbok]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparousf
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-09-22 12:01:17
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Messinian to the top of the Holocene or 7.24600 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 5.333 Ma

Collections (97 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa R. sp. (22229)
Tortonian - Messinian11.62 - 5.333Kenya R. sp. (22241)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6Ethiopia R. sp. (22139)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588South Africa (Cape) R. sp. (59167)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya R. sp. (22234)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6South Africa R. paralius (22221 22222) R. sp. (100313) R. sp., R. paralius (22227)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Tanzania (Eastern Drift Valley) R. sp. (32050)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Kenya R. sp. (22235 22239)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588South Africa (Langebaanweg) R. sp. (21713)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Tanzania R. sp. (21793 21800 21806 21811)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Ethiopia R. sp. (21783 21785 22347)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117South Africa R. sp. (22334)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Tanzania R. sp. (21804)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya R. sp. (21461)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781South Africa (Gauteng) R. sp. (183152)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781South Africa R. campestris (21824 21827)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Kenya R. sp. (21367 21370 21396)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa R. campestris (21828 21829 21956) R. campestris, R. melanotis (21929) R. melanotis (21916 21931 21953) R. sp. (21915 21954) R. sp., R. campestris (21825 115205) R. sp., R. campestris, R. melanotis (21695 115191)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa (Orange Free) R. campestris (21867)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0South Africa (Orange Free) R. campestris (21868)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Zambia R. sharpei (21924)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0South Africa R. campestris (21949 21957) R. campestris, R. melanotis (21950 21951) R. sp. (21711 21948 21952 22231)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Swaziland R. sharpei, R. campestris (21925)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti Plains) R. campestris (32113 32138)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117South Africa R. sp., R. campestris, R. melanotis (115167)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti plains) R. campestris (32115 32124)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117South Africa R. campestris (115184) R. sharpei, R. campestris (90070) R. sp. (21709 96974 113858 115225)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti) R. campestris (32119 32126)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117South Africa (Namaqualand) R. campestris (51187)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0South Africa R. campestris (21922)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa R. campestris (21866 21896 21940 21946) R. melanotis (21917 21918 21930) R. sp. (21862 21921 96973)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tanzania R. campestris (21690)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa (N. Transraal) R. campestris (21693)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa (Orange Free) R. campestris (21897 21908 21909 21911 21912 21942 21943 21944 21945 21947)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Zambia R. sharpei (21895)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Swaziland R. sharpei (21927) R. sharpei, R. campestris (21955)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Kenya R. campestris (21933 21934 21938)