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Alces (moose)

Mammalia - Cervidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1821Alces Gray
1902Alces Hay p. 685
1914Alces shimeki Hay
1967Alces Wilson p. 219
1980Alces Kurten and Anderson p. 316
1988Alces Carroll
1989Alces Shoshani et al. p. 436
2000Alces Grubb p. 302
2006Alces Boeskorov p. 3
2008Alces Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 5

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Artiodactylamorpha
Artiodactyla()
Ruminantiamorpha
Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
Pecora()
familyCervidae
subfamilyAlcinaeJerdon 1874
genusAlces

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Alces Gray 1821 [moose]
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Alces alces Linnaeus 1758 [moose]
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Invalid names: Alces muswa Richardson 1852 [synonym], Alces runnymedensis Hay 1923 [synonym], Cervus americanus Clinton 1822 [synonym]
Alces americanus Jardine 1837
Alces machlis Gray 1821 [elk]
Invalid names: Alces shimeki Hay 1914 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
G. G. Boeskorov 2006Antler beam of average length or short (length always less than circumference). Braincase is rather narrow and higher than in Ceroalces. The facial portion of the skull is long, and the rostrum is strongly elongated. Nasal bones are short; their length is less than that of the dental row. The upper (nasal) processes of the premaxillary bones usually do not reach the nasal bones. The area between the antlers bears a pronounced cone-like prominence. The orbits are almost on a level with the frontal vault.
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparousf
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-09-22 12:03:17
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Miocene to the top of the Holocene or 11.60800 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 5.333 Ma

Collections (43 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Miocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene15.97 - 0.781Netherlands Alces sp. (189573)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Moldova (Tighina Departement) Alces maeoticus (36143)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Russian Federation (Stavropol'skaya) Alces sp. (76537)
Ruscinian - Villanyian5.333 - 2.588Hungary (Barany) Alces sp. (35354)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Netherlands Alces sp. (189574)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Germany (Thüringen) Alces alces (43020 45065)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Romania Alces gallicus (40109) Libralces gallicus (40108) Praealces gallicus (39850)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781France (Auvergne) Alces carnutorum (42241)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (New York) Alces americanus (222869)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117France Alces carnutorum (34459)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Germany (Bayern) Cervus elaphus (48555)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0United Kingdom (Scotland) Alces machlis (152257)
Quaternary2.588 - 0.0Slovakia Alces sp. (34583)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Alaska) Alces sp. (20297)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126Hungary Alces sp. (35045 35047 36706)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Alces sp. (50049 50196)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126Russian Federation (Respublika Saha (Jakutija)) Alces sp. (48581)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.781 - 0.0117Italy (Verona) Alces alces (43657)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.781 - 0.0117Italy (Trieste) Alces alces (43702)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Michigan) Alces alces (63150 200627 200641)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Russian Federation (Respublika Saha (Jakutija)) Alces alces (48587)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Indiana) Cervus americanus (74142)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Oklahoma) Alces americanus (216271)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Alces alces (93277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Italy (Vicenza) Alces alces (43689)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Netherlands Alces alces (82530)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Alces alces (104697)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Maine) Alces americanus (122450 176524)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Russian Federation Alces alces (171637)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Ontario) Alces alces (221863)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Netherlands Alces alces (55533)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Quebec) Alces alces (221970 224189)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Northwest Territories) Alces alces (228921)