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Hypertragulidae
Taxonomy
Hypertragulidae was named by Cope (1879). It was considered paraphyletic by Matthew (1908).
It was assigned to Ruminantia by Matthew (1908) and Gregory (1910); to Ruminantii by Jaekel (1911); to Pecora by Cook (1934); to Tragulina by Ferrusquia-Villafranca (1969); to Traguloidea by Carroll (1988); to Hypertraguloidea by Scott (1940) and Vislobokova (2001); and to Artiodactyla by Johnson (1966) and Lofgren et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Ruminantia by Matthew (1908) and Gregory (1910); to Ruminantii by Jaekel (1911); to Pecora by Cook (1934); to Tragulina by Ferrusquia-Villafranca (1969); to Traguloidea by Carroll (1988); to Hypertraguloidea by Scott (1940) and Vislobokova (2001); and to Artiodactyla by Johnson (1966) and Lofgren et al. (2020).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1879 | Hypertragulidae Cope p. 66 |
1908 | Hypertragulidae Matthew p. 560 |
1910 | Hypertragulidae Gregory p. 466 |
1911 | Hypertragulidae Jaekel p. 234 |
1934 | Hypertragulidae Cook p. 151 |
1940 | Hypertragulidae Scott p. 507 |
1966 | Hypertragulidae Johnson p. 80 |
1969 | Hypertragulidae Ferrusquia-Villafranca |
1988 | Hypertragulidae Carroll |
2001 | Hypertragulidae Vislobokova p. S136 |
2020 | Hypertragulidae Lofgren et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Hypertragulidae Cope 1879
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G. †Hypertragulus Cope 1874
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†Hypertragulus chadronensis Cook 1934
†Hypertragulus crawfordensis Cook 1934
†Hypertragulus dakotensis Frick 1937
†Hypertragulus heikeni Ferrusquia-Villafranca 1969
†Hypertragulus hesperius Hay 1902
†Hypertragulus minor Frick 1937
†Hypertragulus minutus Lull 1922
†Hypertragulus planiceps Sinclair 1905
†Hypertragulus quadratus Cook 1934
†Hypertragulus sequens Cook 1934
Invalid names: Allomeryx Sinclair 1905 [synonym]
G. †Nanotragulus Lull 1922
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†Nanotragulus fontanus Stock 1935
†Nanotragulus loomisi Lull 1922
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Invalid names: Nanotragulus intermedius Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym], Nanotragulus lulli Frick 1937 [synonym]
†Nanotragulus ordinatus Matthew 1907
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Invalid names: Nanotragulus albanensis Frick 1937 [synonym], Nanotragulus matthewi Cook 1934 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hypertragulinae [empty]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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I. A. Vislobokova 2001 | Skull brachycephalic, with moderately elongated snout. Rostrum narrow. Orbits large, centrally placed with incomplete postorbital bar. Foramen ovale small, ovate, and placed approximately in midlength of alisphenoid. Auditory bulla small and moderately inflated, with medium-long external acous- tic meatus. Stylohyoid vagina encroached upon bulla and enclosed posteriorly. Petrosal small, short, and broad, set closer to horizontal plane than to parasagittal one; anteroventral border of petrosal located far from postglenoid process. Promontorium weak, short, and corresponding to main whorl of cochlea. Tensor tym- pani fossa pocketed both in lateral and medial walls. Stapedial muscle fossa narrow, sinuous, and located posteriorly. Lacrimal foramen located within orbit. Eth- moidal fissure well developed. Nasals elongated and weakly projecting anteriorly above anterior opening of nasal cavity. Palate concave. Anterior opening of nasal cavity peariform in Hypertragulus. Upper incisors absent. Upper canines medium-sized and procumbent. Lower canines incisiform. Anterior premolars short- ened. PI and pI detached and caniniform. Odontoid process on axis short arid peglike. Forelimbs short. Radius and ulna tend to be co-ossified. Fibula fused distally with tibia. Astragalus with nonparallel trochleae. Central metapodials separate. Manus pentadactyl. Pes tetradactyI. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Webb 1998, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range: base of the Chadronian to the top of the Harrisonian or 37.20000 to 18.50000 Ma
Collections (108 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Bartonian - Rupelian | Mexico (Oaxaca) | Nanotragulus sp. (166797) | |
Duchesnean | USA (Texas) | Hypertragulus heikeni (16838) | |
Duchesnean | USA (California) | Hypertragulus sp. (17039) | |
Chadronian | USA (South Dakota) | Hypertragulidae indet. (16885 16938 17006) | |
Chadronian | Mexico (Chihuahua) | Hypertragulus heikeni (17015) | |
Chadronian | USA (Nebraska) | Hypertragulus calcaratus (16918) Hypertragulus chadronensis, Hypertragulus crawfordensis (16930) | |
Orellan | USA (Nebraska) | Hypertragulidae indet. (17108) Hypertragulus calcaratus (17098 17164 17165) | |
Orellan | USA (Colorado) | Hypertragulus calcaratus (17081 17082) | |
Orellan | USA (Wyoming) | Hypertragulus calcaratus (17104 17105 17106) | |
Orellan | USA (South Dakota) | Hypertragulidae indet., Hypertragulus calcaratus (17102 163487) Hypertragulus calcaratus (17094 17103 17115 17153 17173 17174) Hypertragulus sp. (17187 17188 17189) | |
Whitneyan | USA (Oregon) | Hypertragulus hesperius (17349) Hypertragulus sp. (17313) | |
Whitneyan | USA (Florida) | Nanotragulus sp. (17341) | |
Whitneyan | USA (Montana) | Hypertragulus calcaratus (230863) | |
Whitneyan | USA (North Dakota) | Nanotragulus sp. (17432) | |
Whitneyan | USA (Nebraska) | Hypertragulus quadratus (17350) | |
Whitneyan | USA (South Dakota) | Hypertragulus calcaratus (17336 17338) Hypertragulus dakotensis (17344) | |
Whitneyan - late Early Arikareean | USA (California) | Hypertragulus fontanus (17527) | |
Geringian | USA (Nebraska) | Hypertragulus sp., Nanotragulus intermedius (17494) Nanotragulus sp. (17440 17715) | |
Geringian | USA (Oregon) | Hypertragulus hesperius (17508) Hypertragulus hesperius, Nanotragulus planiceps (17537 93078) | |
Geringian | USA (South Dakota) | Nanotragulus intermedius (17607 17610 17621 17623 17629 17630 17633 17634 17635 17636 17637 17638 17641 17644 17645 17651 17657 17658) | |
Arikareean | USA (Oregon) | Hypertragulus calcaratus (93080 180202) | |
Arikareean | USA (North Dakota) | Hypertragulus sp. (17724) | |
Arikareean | USA (South Dakota) | Nanotragulus intermedius (17517) Nanotragulus ordinatus (17461) | |
Arikareean | USA (Wyoming) | Nanotragulus intermedius (17466 17667) Nanotragulus loomisi (17472 17727) | |
Arikareean | USA (Florida) | Nanotragulus loomisi (17476) | |
Arikareean | USA (California) | Hypertragulidae indet. (17671 17685) Hypertragulus fontanus (17497) Hypertragulus sp. (17701) | |
Arikareean | USA (Nebraska) | Hypertragulus sp., Nanotragulus sp. (17538) Nanotragulus intermedius (17542) | |
Arikareean | USA (Montana) | Hypertragulus calcaratus (17509) | |
early Early Arikareean | USA (Nebraska) | Nanotragulus loomisi (156729) | |
early Late Arikareean | USA (Oregon) | Nanotragulus sp. (36766) | |
late Late Arikareean | USA (Oregon) | Hypertragulus sp. (18013) | |
late Late Arikareean | USA (California) | Nanotragulus ordinatus (167853) | |
Chattian | USA (Florida) | Nanotragulus loomisi (17764) | |
Chattian | USA (Oregon) | Hypertragulus calcaratus (17603 93079) | |
Monroecreekian | USA (South Dakota) | Nanotragulus sp. (17564) | |
Monroecreekian | USA (Washington) | Hypertragulus sp. (119838 119840) | |
Monroecreekian | USA (Nebraska) | Hypertragulus sequens (74154) | |
Monroecreekian - Harrisonian | USA (Oregon) | Hypertragulus calcaratus (17528) | |
Harrisonian | USA (Wyoming) | Nanotragulus ordinatus (17794) | |
Harrisonian | USA (Nebraska) | Nanotragulus matthewi (17846) Nanotragulus sp. (17805) | |
Harrisonian | USA (Texas) | Nanotragulus matthewi (17767 17768 17771 17775) Nanotragulus ordinatus (17836) | |
Harrisonian | USA (Montana) | Nanotragulus sp. (17810) | |
Harrisonian | USA (South Dakota) | Nanotragulus loomisi (17743) Nanotragulus ordinatus (17454) Nanotragulus sp. (17445) | |
Harrisonian | USA (California) | Hypertragulus hesperius (17742) | |
Harrisonian - Hemingfordian | USA (Montana) | Hypertragulidae indet., Nanotragulus sp. (18811) | |
Aquitanian | USA (Texas) | Hypertragulus sp. (18663) | |
Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | Hypertragulus minor (17881) |