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Taxonomy
Camelus was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant. Its type is Camelus dromedarius. It is the type genus of Cameloidea, Camelinae.
It was assigned to Pecora by Linnaeus (1758); to Camelina by Gray (1825); to Ruminantia by Owen (1848) and Lydekker (1876); to Camelinae by Hay (1902) and Simpson (1945); to Camelidae by Carroll (1988) and Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); and to Camelini by Webb (1965), Stanley et al. (1994), Harris et al. (2010) and Lynch et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Pecora by Linnaeus (1758); to Camelina by Gray (1825); to Ruminantia by Owen (1848) and Lydekker (1876); to Camelinae by Hay (1902) and Simpson (1945); to Camelidae by Carroll (1988) and Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); and to Camelini by Webb (1965), Stanley et al. (1994), Harris et al. (2010) and Lynch et al. (2020).
Species
C. antiquus, C. arctoamericanus, C. bactrianus, C. dromedarius (type species), C. grattardi, C. knoblochi, C. sivalensis, C. thomasi
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1758 | Camelus Linnaeus p. 65 |
1825 | Camelus Gray p. 342 |
1848 | Camelus Owen p. 139 |
1876 | Camelus Lydekker |
1902 | Camelus Hay p. 680 |
1945 | Camelus Simpson p. 150 |
1965 | Camelus Webb p. 44 |
1988 | Camelus Carroll |
1994 | Camelus Stanley et al. p. 1 |
2008 | Camelus Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 5 |
2010 | Camelus Harris et al. p. 824 |
2020 | Camelus Lynch et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Camelus Linnaeus 1758 [camel]
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†Camelus antiquus Falconer and Cautley 1836
†Camelus arctoamericanus Hay 1921
Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus 1758
Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus 1758
†Camelus grattardi Geraads 2014
†Camelus knoblochi Nehring 1901
†Camelus sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1836
†Camelus thomasi Pomel 1893
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Body mass estimates
estimate | equation | reference |
---|---|---|
280.4 kg | Mammalia femur diameter | Gingerich 1990 |
289.0 kg | Mammalia humerus diameter | Gingerich 1990 |
176.0 kg | Mammalia tibia diameter | Gingerich 1990 |
mean: 242.5 kg |
Measurements
part | N | mean | |||||
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femur diameter | 1 | 39.4 | |||||
humerus diameter | 1 | 43.4 | |||||
tibia diameter | 1 | 32.4 |
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Source: g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MN 15 to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 4.20000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 3.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 3.6 Ma
Collections (43 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Early/Lower Pliocene | Kazakhstan | Camelus praebactrianus (76289) | |
Early/Lower Pliocene | Tunisia (Bizerte ) | Camelus thomasi (211247) | |
Pliocene | Ukraine (Odessa) | Camelus kujalnensis (76502) | |
Pliocene | Tanzania (Eastern Drift Valley) | Camelus sp. (32050) | |
Pliocene | Ukraine | Camelus sp. (76538 76539) | |
Pliocene - Pleistocene | Malawi | Camelus sp. (22323) | |
MN 15 - MN 16 | Ukraine | Camelus alutensis (50943) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Morocco | Camelus sp. (32052) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Ukraine | Camelus sp. (76534) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Russian Federation | Camelus sp. (76510 76530) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | India (Jammu) | Camelus sp. (51101) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | India (Panjab) | Camelus sivalensis (51106) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | India | Camelus sp. (39209 39210) | |
Piacenzian | Ethiopia | Camelus sp. (21608 21623 21640) | |
Piacenzian | Kenya | Camelus sp. (21479 21484) | |
Piacenzian - Gelasian | Ethiopia (Afar) | Camelus grattardi (224657) | |
Piacenzian - Gelasian | Kenya (Rift Valley) | Camelus sp. (21344) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | India | Camelus sivalensis (194890) | |
Villanyian | Hungary (Fejer) | Camelus bessarabensis (35374 35380) | |
Gelasian | Ethiopia | Camelus grattardi (21671) Camelus sp. (21986 21999) | |
Gelasian - Calabrian | Kenya | Camelus sp. (21454) | |
Pleistocene | Tajikistan | Camelus knoblochi (34104) | |
Pleistocene | Egypt | Camelus sp. (21874) Camelus thomasi (21876) | |
Pleistocene | USA (Washington) | Camelus maximus (231102) | |
Calabrian | Algeria | Camelus thomasi (22584) | |
Middle Pleistocene | Kazakhstan | Camelus knoblochi (40496) | |
Middle Pleistocene | Morocco | Camelus sp. (34330) | |
Middle Pleistocene | Syria | Camelus dromedarius, Camelus bactrianus, Camelus thomasi (67660) Camelus sp. (34105) | |
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Kazakhstan | Camelus knoblochi (40497) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mongolia (Bayankhongor) | Camelus knoblochi (230428) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Egypt | Camelus thomasi (21877) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Israel (Mount Carmel) | Camelus sp. (11803) |