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Phenacocoelus
Taxonomy
Phenacocoelus was named by Peterson (1907). Its type is Phenacocoelus typus.
It was assigned to Phenacocoelinae by Schultz and Falkenbach (1950) and MacFadden (1980); to Merycoidodontidae by Peterson (1907), Thorpe (1937) and Lander (1998); and to Ticholeptinae by Stevens and Stevens (2007) and Stevens et al. (2023).
It was assigned to Phenacocoelinae by Schultz and Falkenbach (1950) and MacFadden (1980); to Merycoidodontidae by Peterson (1907), Thorpe (1937) and Lander (1998); and to Ticholeptinae by Stevens and Stevens (2007) and Stevens et al. (2023).
Species
P. kayi (syn. Hypsiops luskensis), P. typus (syn. P. munroensis) (type species)
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1907 | Phenacocoelus Peterson |
| 1937 | Phenacocoelus Thorpe p. 179 figs. Figs. 129-131 |
| 1950 | Phenacocoelus Schultz and Falkenbach p. 101 figs. 1 - 3, 11, 13, 15 |
| 1980 | Phenacocoelus MacFadden p. 93 |
| 1998 | Phenacocoelus Lander |
| 2007 | Phenacocoelus Stevens and Stevens p. 163 |
| 2023 | Phenacocoelus Stevens et al. p. 96 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Phenacocoelus Peterson 1907
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†Phenacocoelus kayi Schultz and Falkenbach 1950
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Invalid names: Hypsiops luskensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1950 [synonym]
†Phenacocoelus typus Peterson 1907
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Invalid names: Phenacocoelus munroensis Peterson 1928 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach 1950 | SKULL: Small to medium size, basal lengths ranging from 155 to 250 mm., widths from 90 to 169 mm.; mesocephalic; low to moderately high; supraoccipital wings widely spread, protruding posteriorly, deeply notched on sides [not fan shaped as in Brachycrus, Ustatotochoerus, or Merychyus (Metoreodon), but more widely spread and with less posterior projection than in Promerycochoerus; deep pit on each side of medial line in exoccipital above base of paroc- cipi tal process; sagittal crest low; brain case inflated, rounded laterally, and slightly elongated anteroposteriorly; frontals moderately wide, flat to convex laterally; supra-orbital foramina vary in form (see discussion following); orbit roundish to oblong in outline, looking outward and upward; zygomatic arch moderately light (seespecificvariation); malar moderately shallow below the orbit; lacrimal fossa large and deep, with a shelf- like area below and extending anteriorly (see discussion, p. 104); muzzleslightly inflated; premaxillae joined for short distance, more so in large species; occipital condyle of moderate size; paroccipital process moderately wide at base, tapering rapidly to inferior border; bulla inflated, elongated anteroposteriorly, with flattened surface sloping from high external border to low internal border (adjacent to basioccipital region), similar to examples of Merychyus (Metoreodon); post-glenoid process from moderately light to robust; posterior palate projects for short distance posterior to M3.
MANDIBLE: Small to medium size; moderately robust (in comparison with examples of Ticholeptus and Merychyus); postsyrnphysis in area below anterior portion of Pa; inferior border of ramus increasing gradually in depth from symphysis to a point below Ma,with a marked downward and inward curve just posterior to Ma;ascending ramus moderately high; condyle set at approximate right angle to dental series, with an internal downward slope. DENTITION: Brachyodont (slightly more brachyodont than in Hypsi,ops); external styles of superior molars moderately prominent; superior molars have a squarish appearance from crown views; premolars slightly crowded; PLP 8 with anterior intermediate crest; C/ and P1moderately large to large. LIMBS: Moderately robust, more so than in Hypsiops and Merychyus but less than in Submerycochoerusand Merycochoerus. | |
| M. S. Stevens et al. 2023 | Small oreodonts with anteroposteriorly elongated premolars that are highly molarized, yet low crowned compared to other oreodonts, plus the distinctive ticholeptine facial vacuity, and the infraorbital foramen over the P3-P4, and robust glenoid processes. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979, Lander 1998 | |||||
Age range: base of the Monroecreekian to the top of the Harrisonian or 26.30000 to 18.50000 Ma
Collections (6 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monroecreekian | USA (Nebraska) | P. typus (17565) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (Nebraska) | P. sp. (17819) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (Florida) | P. luskensis (18558) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (Wyoming) | Hypsiops luskensis (17780) P. kayi (17840) P. typus (17794) |