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Tylopoda
Taxonomy
Tylopoda was named by Illiger (1811). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Matthew (1908).
It was reranked as the suborder Tylopoda by Scott (1940), Hooker (1986), Prothero (1986), Carroll (1988), Ursing et al. (2000), Webb and Meachen (2004), Whistler and Webb (2005) and Cuesta Ruíz-Colmenares et al. (2006); it was reranked as the unranked clade Tylopoda by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Matthew (1908), Hooker (2007), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008) and Asher and Helgen (2010).
It was assigned to Ruminantia by Matthew (1908); to Ruminantia by Scott (1940); to Neoselenodontia by Whistler and Webb (2005); to Artiodactyla by Flower (1883), Hooker (1986), Prothero (1986), Carroll (1988), Webb and Meachen (2004) and Cuesta Ruíz-Colmenares et al. (2006); to Artiodactyla by Flower and Lydekker (1891) and Hooker (2007); to Cetartiodactyla by Ursing et al. (2000) and Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); and to Artiodactyla by Asher and Helgen (2010).
It was reranked as the suborder Tylopoda by Scott (1940), Hooker (1986), Prothero (1986), Carroll (1988), Ursing et al. (2000), Webb and Meachen (2004), Whistler and Webb (2005) and Cuesta Ruíz-Colmenares et al. (2006); it was reranked as the unranked clade Tylopoda by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Matthew (1908), Hooker (2007), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008) and Asher and Helgen (2010).
It was assigned to Ruminantia by Matthew (1908); to Ruminantia by Scott (1940); to Neoselenodontia by Whistler and Webb (2005); to Artiodactyla by Flower (1883), Hooker (1986), Prothero (1986), Carroll (1988), Webb and Meachen (2004) and Cuesta Ruíz-Colmenares et al. (2006); to Artiodactyla by Flower and Lydekker (1891) and Hooker (2007); to Cetartiodactyla by Ursing et al. (2000) and Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); and to Artiodactyla by Asher and Helgen (2010).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1811 | Tylopoda Illiger p. 102 |
1883 | Tylopoda Flower p. 184 |
1891 | Tylopoda Flower and Lydekker p. 90 |
1908 | Tylopoda Matthew p. 561 |
1940 | Tylopoda Scott p. 506 |
1986 | Tylopoda Hooker p. 412 |
1986 | Tylopoda Prothero p. 458 |
1988 | Tylopoda Carroll |
2000 | Tylopoda Ursing et al. |
2004 | Tylopoda Webb and Meachen p. 350 |
2005 | Tylopoda Whistler and Webb p. 5 |
2006 | Tylopoda Cuesta Ruíz-Colmenares et al. |
2007 | Tylopoda Hooker p. 613 |
2008 | Tylopoda Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 2 |
2009 | Camelidamorpha Spaulding et al. p. 3 figs. Table 1 |
2010 | Tylopoda Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 1 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subor. Tylopoda Illiger 1811
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Fm. †Amphimerycidae Stehlin 1910
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G. †Pseudamphimeryx Stehlin 1919
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†Pseudamphimeryx hantonensis Forster-Cooper 1928
†Pseudamphimeryx pavloviae Stehlin 1910
†Pseudamphimeryx renevieri Pictet and Humbert 1869
†Pseudamphimeryx salesmei Sudre 1978
†Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri Rutimeyer 1891
†Pseudamphimeryx valdensis Stehlin 1910
Superfm. †Anoplotherioidea Bonaparte 1850
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Fm. †Anoplotheriidae Gray 1821
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Subfm. †Anoplotheriinae Gray 1821
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G. †Anoplotherium Cuvier 1804
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†Anoplotherium commune Cuvier 1804
†Anoplotherium latipes Gervais 1852
†Anoplotherium laurillardi Pomel 1851
†Anoplotherium pompeckji Dietrich 1922
†Anoplotherium sivalense Cautley and Falconer 1840
Invalid names: Anoplotherium platypus Pomel 1851 [nomen dubium], Eurytherium Gervais 1852 [synonym], Hoplotherium Meyer 1841 [synonym], Oplotherium Laizer and Parieu 1838 [synonym], Pleregnathus Laizer and Parieu 1838 [synonym], Thylacomorphus Gervais 1876 [nomen oblitum]
G. †Dideilotherium Ameghino 1889
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†Dideilotherium venerandum Ameghino 1889
Invalid names: Deilotherium Filhol 1882 [replaced]
G. †Diplobune Rutimeyer 1862
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†Diplobune bavarica Fraas 1870
†Diplobune minor Filhol 1877
†Diplobune quercyi Filhol 1877
†Diplobune secundaria Cuvier 1822
Invalid names: Hyracodon Filhol 1876 [synonym], Hyracodontherium Filhol 1877 [synonym], Hyrocodon Filhol 1873 [synonym]
Subfm. †Dacrytheriinae Deperet 1917
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G. †Catodontherium Deperet 1908
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†Catodontherium argentonicum Stehlin 1910
†Catodontherium buxgovianum Erfurt and Metais 2007
†Catodontherium fallax Stehlin 1910
†Catodontherium paquieri Stehlin 1910
†Catodontherium robiacnse Deperet 1906
Invalid names: Catodus Deperet 1905 [replaced]
G. †Dacrytherium Filhol
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†Dacrytherium cayluxi Filhol 1876
†Dacrytherium elegans Filhol 1884
†Dacrytherium ovinum Owen 1857
†Dacrytherium priscum Stehlin 1910
†Dacrytherium sturnini Stehlin 1910
Invalid names: Anoplotheriina Bonaparte 1850 [empty], Robiaciinae Sudre 1977 [empty]
Fm. †Xiphodontidae Flower 1883
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G. †Dichodon Owen
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†Dichodon cartieri Rutimeyer 1891
†Dichodon cervinus Owen 1848
†Dichodon cuspidatus Owen 1847
†Dichodon frohnstettense von Meyer 1852
†Dichodon frohnstettensis Meyer 1852
†Dichodon simplex Kowalevsky 1874
G. †Haplomeryx Schlosser 1886
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†Haplomeryx egerkingensis Stehlin 1910
†Haplomeryx euzetensis Depéret 1917
†Haplomeryx obliquus Cuvier 1822
†Haplomeryx picteti Stehlin 1910
†Haplomeryx zitteli Schlosser 1886
G. †Leptotheridium Stehlin 1910
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†Leptotheridium lugeoni Stehlin 1910
†Leptotheridium traguloides Stehlin 1910
G. †Paraxiphodon Sudre 1978
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†Paraxiphodon cournovensis Sudre 1978
†Paraxiphodon teulonensis Sudre 1978
G. †Xiphodon Cuvier 1822
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†Xiphodon castrensis Kowalevsky 1873
†Xiphodon gracile Cuvier 1822
†Xiphodon intermedium Stehlin 1910
Fm. †Oromerycidae Gazin 1955
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G. †Merycobunodon Golz 1976
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†Merycobunodon littoralis Golz 1976
†Merycobunodon walshi Murphey and Kelly 2017
G. †Protylopus Wortman 1898
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†Protylopus annectens Peterson 1919
†Protylopus pearsonensis Golz 1976
†Protylopus petersoni Wortman 1898
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Invalid names: Protylopus minor Prothero 1998 [synonym], Protylopus parvus Prothero 1998 [synonym]
†Protylopus robustus Golz 1976
†Protylopus stocki Golz 1976
Invalid names: Camelidamorpha Spaulding et al. 2009 [synonym], Cameloidea [empty], Oreodontoidea Gill 1872 [empty], Xiphodontoidea Flower 1883 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: s = species, g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Legendre 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Uintan to the top of the MP 21 or 46.20000 to 28.40000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 41.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 41.3 Ma
Collections (152 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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MP 14 | France (Nouvelle-Aquitaine) | Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (184174) | |
MP 15 - MP 16 | Spain (Salamanca) | Leptotheridium sp. (40892) | |
Lutetian | France | Leptotheridium traguloides (184468) | |
Lutetian | France (Alsace Region) | Dacrytherium elegans, Catodontherium sp., Catodontherium fallax, Catodontherium argentonicum (31609) | |
Lutetian | France (Centre Region) | Catodontherium argentonicum (31582) | |
Lutetian - Bartonian | Switzerland (Baselland) | Dichodon ruetimeyeri, Dacrytherium elegans, Dacrytherium priscum, Catodontherium buxgovianum, Dichodon simplex, Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (31723) | |
Early/Lower Uintan | USA (California) | Merycobunodon littoralis (16665 16676) Merycobunodon sp. (16684) Oromerycidae indet. (16666 16710 16757) Protylopus petersoni (16695) Protylopus sp. (16692 16762) | |
Early/Lower Uintan | USA (Colorado) | Oromeryx sp. (16623) | |
Early/Lower Uintan | USA (Wyoming) | Oromerycidae indet. (93087) | |
Late/Upper Uintan | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Oromerycidae indet. (16626 16627) | |
Late/Upper Uintan | USA (Texas) | Malaquiferus sp., Protylopus sp. (16614) | |
Late/Upper Uintan | USA (California) | Protylopus sp. (16780) Protylopus sp., Protylopus sp. (16585) | |
Uintan | USA (Utah) | Oromeryx plicatus (16606) Oromeryx plicatus, Protylopus petersoni (16646) Protylopus annectens, Oromeryx sp. (16607) Protylopus petersoni (16589 16654) | |
Uintan | USA (California) | Protylopus petersoni, Protylopus robustus, Protylopus stocki (16590 16791) Protylopus petersoni, Protylopus stocki (16591) Protylopus robustus (16603 16792 16793) Protylopus robustus, Protylopus stocki (16790) Protylopus sp. (16615) Protylopus stocki (16547) | |
Uintan | USA (Wyoming) | Camelodon arapahovius (16523) Malaquiferus tourteloti (16513 16517 16518 16552) Protylopus petersoni (16648) | |
Uintan | USA (Texas) | Oromerycidae indet. (16624) | |
Uintan - Duchesnean | USA (California) | Protylopus pearsonensis (16801) Protylopus petersoni (16533) | |
Bartonian | Spain (Aragon) | Pseudamphimeryx sp. (31633) | |
Bartonian | France (Midi-Pyrenees Region) | Dacrytherium elegans, Xiphodon castrense, Catodontherium paquieri (31634) | |
Bartonian | France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) | Dichodon sp., Dichodon vidalenci, Dacrytherium elegans, Leptotheridium traguloides, Xiphodon castrense, Haplomeryx picteti, Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Pseudamphimeryx pavloviae, Catodontherium robiacense, Robiatherium cournovense (12840) | |
Bartonian | France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardie) | Leptotheridium sp. (177581) | |
Bartonian | Spain (Castilla y Leon) | Leptotheridium indet., Dichodon sp., Dacrytherium sp., Anoplotheriinae indet., Duerotherium sudrei (40358) | |
Bartonian | United Kingdom (England) | Dichodon sp., Dichodon cervinus, Dacrytherium sp. (39014) | |
Bartonian | Switzerland (Baselland) | Dacrytherium elegans, Leptotheridium traguloides, Catodontherium buxgovianum, Dichodon cartieri, Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (31721) Dacrytherium elegans, Leptotheridium traguloides, Catodontherium fallax, Catodontherium buxgovianum, Dichodon cartieri, Haplomeryx egerkingensis, Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (31720) Dichodon ruetimeyeri, Dichodon sp., Dacrytherium elegans, Dacrytherium priscum, Catodontherium buxgovianum, Dichodon simplex, Haplomeryx egerkingensis, Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (31718) | |
Bartonian | France (Rhone-Alpes Region) | Dichodon lugdunense, Dacrytherium priscum, Catodontherium fallax, Catodontherium buxgovianum, Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (31741) | |
Bartonian | Spain (Barcelona) | Leptotheridium sp., Catodontherium sp. (182219) | |
Bartonian | France (Picardie Region) | Pseudamphimeryx schlosseri (31584) | |
Bartonian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) | Paraxiphodon cournovense, Leptotheridium traguloides, Xiphodon castrense, Haplomeryx picteti, Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Catodontherium robiacense (31736) Xiphodon castrense, Catodontherium robiacense (183350) | |
Bartonian | Switzerland (Canton de Vaud) | Dichodon sp., Haplomeryx sp., Pseudamphimeryx sp. (182607) | |
Bartonian | Switzerland | Dichodon cervinum, Dichodon subtile, Dacrytherium sp., Dacrytherium elegans, Leptotheridium traguloides, Xiphodon castrense, Haplomeryx picteti, Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Catodontherium robiacense, Leptotheridium lugeoni, Pseudamphimeryx valdensis (31742) | |
Duchesnean | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Oromerycidae indet. (16845) | |
Duchesnean | USA (California) | Eotylopus sp., Protylopus pearsonensis (16810) Protylopus pearsonensis (16805 16808 16811) Protylopus stocki (16844) | |
Duchesnean | USA (Texas) | Eotylopus reedi (16849) Oromeryx sp., Eotylopus reedi (16835) | |
Priabonian | France (Midi-Pyrenees Region) | Anoplotherium commune, Xiphodon gracile (31749) | |
Priabonian | France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region) | Dichodon stehlini, Dacrytherium saturninii, Anoplotherium sp., Anoplotherium latipes, Diplobune secundarium, Anoplotherium commune, Anoplotherium laurillardi, Xiphodon gracile, Amphimeryx murinus, Dichodon frohnstettense (31747) | |
Priabonian | Switzerland | Anoplotherium sp., Diplobune secundaria, Amphimeryx murinus (31743) | |
Priabonian | Spain (Catalonia) | Dichodon cervinum, Leptotheridium lugeoni, Dacrytherium ovinum, Xiphodon intermedium, Haplomeryx euzetensis (31751) | |
Priabonian | France (Aquitaine Region) | Amphimeryx murinus (31754) Diplobune secundaria, Xiphodon gracile, Amphimeryx murinus (31586) | |
Priabonian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) | Anoplotherium commune, Xiphodon gracile (31738) Dichodon cervinum, Dacrytherium ovinum, Xiphodon intermedium (31761) Dichodon cervinum, Paraxiphodon teulonense, Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Leptotheridium lugeoni, Dacrytherium ovinum, Haplomeryx euzetensis (31758) Dichodon cervinum, Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Leptotheridium lugeoni, Dacrytherium ovinum, Xiphodon intermedium, Haplomeryx euzetensis (31724) Leptotheridium lugeoni (31757) Paraxiphodon teulonense, Leptotheridium lugeoni (31760) | |
Priabonian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region Region) | Paraxiphodon teulonense, Leptotheridium lugeoni, Dacrytherium ovinum (31756) | |
Priabonian | France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) | Amphimeryx murinus (12852) Amphimeryx sp., Dacrytherium saturninii, Xiphodon gracile, Haplomeryx zitteli, Amphimeryx murinus, Dichodon frohnstettense (12842) Anoplotherium sp., Diplobune sp., Xiphodon gracile, Amphimeryx murinus, Dichodon frohnstettense (31765) Anoplotherium sp., Haplomeryx zitteli, Amphimeryx murinus (12854) Anoplotherium sp., Xiphodon gracile, Amphimeryx murinus, Dichodon frohnstettense (31764) Dacrytherium saturninii, Anoplotherium sp., Xiphodon gracile, Haplomeryx zitteli, Amphimeryx murinus (12843) Dacrytherium sp., Haplomeryx picteti, Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Leptotheridium lugeoni (31745) Dichodon cervinum (31635) Dichodon cervinum, Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Pseudamphimeryx salesmei (31755) Haplomeryx picteti, Pseudamphimeryx pavloviae, Leptotheridium lugeoni (12849) Haplomeryx picteti, Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Pseudamphimeryx pavloviae, Leptotheridium lugeoni, Dichodon frohnstettense (31740) Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Leptotheridium lugeoni (31766) Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Leptotheridium lugeoni, Haplomeryx euzetensis (12841) | |
Priabonian | Switzerland (Solothurn) | Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Amphimeryx murinus (31746) | |
Priabonian | Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) | Anoplotherium sp., Diplobune sp. (31744) | |
Priabonian | Spain | Dichodon cervinum, Leptotheridium lugeoni, Dacrytherium ovinum, Xiphodon intermedium, Haplomeryx euzetensis (31750) | |
Priabonian | United Kingdom (England) | Anoplotherium commune, Xiphodon gracile (31607) Anoplotherium laurillardi (41653) Anoplotherium sp. (184762) Anoplotherium sp., Dichodon cuspidatus, Dichodon cervinus (184758) Dichodon cervinum, Dichodon cuspidatum (31608) Dichodon cuspidatus (39643) | |
Priabonian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | Paraxiphodon teulonense, Dacrytherium ovinum, Xiphodon intermedium (31759) | |
Priabonian | France (Ile-de-France Region) | Anoplotherium commune, Anoplotherium laurillardi, Diplobune secundaria, Xiphodon gracile, Haplomeryx obliquus, Amphimeryx murinus (31739) | |
Priabonian | France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees region) | Dichodon cervinum, Haplomeryx picteti, Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Leptotheridium lugeoni (12853) Dichodon sp., Amphimeryx sp., Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Leptotheridium lugeoni, Haplomeryx euzetensis (12848) | |
Chadronian | USA (South Dakota) | Tylopoda indet. (16885) | |
Chadronian | USA (Colorado) | Eotylopus sp. (16977) | |
Chadronian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Malaquiferus sp., Eotylopus reedi (16919) | |
Chadronian | USA (New Mexico) | Montanatylopus matthewi (17032) | |
Chadronian | USA (Nebraska) | Eotylopus reedi (17031) | |
Chadronian | USA (Texas) | Eotylopus reedi (16931 17016) Oromerycidae indet. (16894) | |
Chadronian | USA (Wyoming) | Eotylopus reedi (16898 16960 16961 16962 16963 16964 16965) | |
Chadronian | USA (Montana) | Montanatylopus matthewi (16990) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | France (Quercy) | Dichodon cervinum, Pseudamphimeryx renevieri, Pseudamphimeryx pavloviae, Leptotheridium lugeoni, Dacrytherium ovinum, Haplomeryx euzetensis (12850) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) | Anoplotherium commune, Diplobune secundaria, Xiphodon gracile (31737) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | France (Gard) | Anoplotherium sp., Anoplotherium laurillardi (206249) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | Switzerland | Anoplotherium laurillardi (195855) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | France (Occitanie) | Amphimeryx sp., Xiphodon gracile (183976) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Anoplotherium latipes (39300) Anoplotherium laurillardi (9071) Catodontherium sp. (40029) Dichodon cervinum (39662) Dichodon cervinus (9070) Dichodon cuspidatus (40030) Xiphodon gracilis, Diplobune sp. (39264) Xiphodon gracilis, Diplobune sp., Anoplotherium commune (41652) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | Spain (Castilla y Leon) | Xiphodon gracile (40883) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | Portugal (Coímbra) | Anoplotherium commune, Diplobune secundaria (182272) | |
MP 17A - MP 17B | United Kingdom (England) | Anoplotherium sp., Anoplotherium commune (28747) | |
MP 18 | France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) | Dichodon sp., Dacrytherium saturninii, Haplomeryx picteti, Pseudamphimeryx renevieri (12851) | |
MP 18 | Spain (Basque County) | Haplomeryx sp., Anoplotherium sp., Anoplotherium laurillardi, Xiphodontidae indet. (38817) | |
MP 18 - MP 19 | France (Allier) | Anoplotherium commune, Xiphodon gracile, Amphimeryx murinus (143459) | |
MP 19 | Spain (Catalonia) | Dichodon cervinum, Xiphodon gracile, Dichodon frohnstettense (31752) | |
MP 20 - MP 21 | France (Occitanie) | Anoplotherium latipes, Amphimeryx murinus (183382) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) | Diplobune sp., Anoplotherium commune (31583) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | France (Aquitaine) | Diplobune quercyi (153740) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | Germany | Dacrytherium ovinum, Diplobune quercyi, Diplobune bavarica (36984) | |
Early/Lower Oligocene | France (Auvergne Region) | Amphimeryx riparius (31767) | |
MP 21 | Spain (Cataluña) | Anoplotheriidae indet. (212248) | |
MP 23 | France (Quercy) | Diplobune minor (36711) | |
Rupelian | United Kingdom (England) | Anoplotherium sp. (184763) |