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Anthracotheriidae (anthracothere)

Mammalia - Anthracotheriidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1869Anthracotheriidae Leidy
1873Anthracotheridae Leidy p. 320
1889Anthracotheriidae Cope p. 876
1891Anthracotheriidae Flower and Lydekker p. 90
1902Anthracotheriidae Hay p. 651
1906Anthracotheriidae Andrews
1908Anthracotheriidae Lambe
1910Anthracotheriidae Gregory p. 466
1911Anthracotheridae Jaekel p. 234
1913Anthracotheriidae Scott p. 361
1940Anthracotheriidae Pilgrim p. 128
1940Anthracotheriidae Scott p. 442
1971Anthracotheriidae Sahni and Khare p. 47
1988Anthracotheriidae Carroll
1991Anthracotheriidae Anyonge p. 379
1997Anthracotheriidae McKenna and Bell p. 404
1997Anthracotheriidae Montgelard et al. p. 556
2001Anthracotheriidae Sach and Heizmann p. 30
2001Anthracotheriidae Thewissen et al. p. suppl.
2005Anthracotheriidae Boisserie et al.
2010Anthracotheriidae Boisserie et al. p. 351
2011Anthracotheriidae Boisserie et al. p. 620 figs. Table 1
2019Anthracotheriidae Scherler et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Euungulata
Artiodactylamorpha
Artiodactyla()
Whippomorpha
superfamilyHippopotamoideaGray 1821
familyAnthracotheriidaeLeidy 1869
familyAnthracotheriidaeLeidy 1869

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Anthracotheriidae Leidy 1869 [anthracothere]
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G. †Aepinacodon Troxell 1921
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Aepinacodon americanus Leidy 1856
Aepinacodon deflectus Marsh 1890
Aepinacodon rostratus Scott 1894
G. †Afromeryx Pickford 1991
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Afromeryx zelteni Pickford 1991
G. †Ancodon Pomel 1847
G. †Anthracochoerus Dal Piaz 1930
G. †Anthracosenex Zdansky 1930
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Anthracosenex ambiguus Zdansky 1930
Subfm. †Anthracotheriinae Leidy 1869
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G. †Anthracokeryx Pilgrim and Cotter 1916
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Anthracokeryx birmanicus Pilgrim and Cotter 1916
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Invalid names: Anthracokeryx hospes Pilgrim 1928 [synonym]
Anthracokeryx litangensis Zong and Chen 1996
Anthracokeryx naduongensis Ducrocq et al. 2015
Anthracokeryx sinensis Zdansky 1930
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Invalid names: Anthracokeryx dawsoni Wang 1985 [synonym]
Anthracokeryx tenuis Pilgrim and Cotter 1916
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Invalid names: Anthracokeryx bambusae Pilgrim 1928 [synonym], Anthracokeryx myaingensis Pilgrim 1928 [synonym], Anthracokeryx ulnifer Pilgrim 1928 [synonym]
G. †Anthracotherium Cuvier 1822
+
+
Invalid names: Heothema media Tang 1978 [synonym], Heothema nanningensis Zhao 1981 [synonym]
Anthracotherium bugtiense Pilgrim 1907
Anthracotherium chaimanei Ducrocq 1999
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Invalid names: Heothema angnsticalxia Tang 1978 [synonym], Heothema youngi Zhao 1983 [synonym]
Anthracotherium crassum Pilgrim and Cotter 1916
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Invalid names: Anthracohyus choeroides Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 [synonym], Anthracokeryx moriturus Pilgrim 1928 [synonym]
Anthracotherium cuvieri Gaudry 1873
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Invalid names: Anthracokeryx kwangsiensis Qiu 1977 [synonym]
Anthracotherium magnum Cuvier 1822
Anthracotherium pangan Pilgrim and Cotter 1916
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Invalid names: Anthracohyus rubricae Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 [synonym], Anthracothema palustre Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 [synonym]
Anthracotherium sinense Zdansky 1930
Anthracotherium verhoeveni Von Koenigswald 1967
Invalid names: Anthracohyus Pilgrim and Cotter 1916 [synonym], Anthracotherium alsaticum Cuvier 1822 [nomen dubium], Anthracotherium pygmaeum Lambe 1908 [nomen vanum], Anthracotherium valdense Kowalevski 1876 [nomen dubium]
G. †Heptacodon Marsh 1894
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Heptacodon curtus Marsh 1894
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Invalid names: Anthracotherium karense Osborn and Wortman 1894 [synonym], Octacodon valens Marsh 1894 [synonym]
Heptacodon gibbiceps Marsh 1894
Heptacodon occidentale Osborn and Wortman 1894
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Invalid names: Heptacodon quadratus Scott 1940 [synonym]
Heptacodon occidentalis Osborn and Wortman 1894
Heptacodon pellionis Storer 1983
Heptacodon yeguaensis Holroyd 2002
G. †Nabotherium Sileem et al. 2016
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Nabotherium aegyptiacum Andrews 1906
G. †Paenanthracotherium Scherler et al. 2019
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Paenanthracotherium bergeri Scherler et al. 2019
Paenanthracotherium strategus Forster-Cooper 1913
Invalid names: Elliotherium murphyi Pickford 2016 [nomen nudum]
G. †Prominatherium Teller 1884
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Prominatherium dalmantinum von Meyer 1854
Prominatherium dalmatinum von Meyer 1854
Invalid names: Anthracotherium bumbachense Stehlin 1910 [nomen dubium], Anthracotherium illyricum Teller 1886 [nomen dubium]
G. †Arretotherium Douglass 1902
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Arretotherium acridens Douglass 1902
Arretotherium fricki Macdonald and Schultz 1956
Arretotherium leptodus Matthew 1909
Arretotherium meridionale Rincon et al. 2013
G. †Atopotherium Ducrocq et al. 1996
Subfm. †Bothriodontinae Scott 1940
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G. †Bakalovia Nikolov and Hessig 1985
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Bakalovia palaeopontica Nikolov and Hessig 1985
G. †Bothriodon Aymard 1846
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Bothriodon advena Russell 1978
Bothriodon chowi Xu 1961
Bothriodon sandaensis Tsubamoto 2007
Bothriodon velaunus von Meyer 1832
Invalid names: Ancodus Pomel 1848 [synonym], Hyopotamus Leidy 1857 [synonym]
G. †Bothriogenys Schmidt 1913
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Bothriogenys andrewsi Schmidt 1913
Bothriogenys fraasi Schmidt 1913
Bothriogenys gorringei Andrews and Beadnell 1902
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Invalid names: Ancodus gorringei Andrews and Beadnell 1902 [replaced]
Bothriogenys hui Chow 1958
Bothriogenys langsonensis Ducrocq et al. 2015
Bothriogenys orientalis Ducrocq 1997
Bothriogenys rugulosus Schmidt 1913
Bothriogenys vietnamensis Ducrocq et al. 2015
G. †Brachyodus Depéret 1895
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Brachyodus depereti Fourtau 1918
Brachyodus hui Chow 1958
Brachyodus manchharensis Prasad 1964
Brachyodus moneyi Fourtau 1918
Brachyodus onoideum Gervais 1859
G. †Elomeryx Marsh 1894
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Elomeryx armatus Marsh 1894
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Invalid names: Elomeryx brachystylus Troxell 1921 [synonym], Elomeryx mitis Marsh 1894 [synonym], Hyopotamus brachyrhynchus Osborn and Wortman 1894 [synonym]
Elomeryx asticus Nikolov 1967
Elomeryx borbonicus Geais 1934
Elomeryx cluai Deperet 1906
Elomeryx crispus Gervais 1849
Elomeryx garbanii Macdonald 1970
Elomeryx japonicus Matsumoto 1925
Invalid names: Bakalovia orientalis Böhme et al. 2013 [nomen dubium], Bothriodon chyelingensis Xu 1977 [nomen dubium], Bothriodon tientongensis Xu 1977 [nomen dubium], Brachyodus trofimovi de Bonis et al. 1997 [nomen dubium]
G. †Libycosaurus Bonnarelli 1947
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Libycosaurus algeriensis Ducrocq et al. 2001
Libycosaurus anisae Black 1972
Libycosaurus bahri Lihoreau et al. 2014
Libycosaurus petrocchii Bonnarelli 1947
G. †Merycopotamus Falconer and Cautley 1847
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Merycopotamus dissimilis Falconer and Cautley 1847
Merycopotamus medioximus Lihoreau et al. 2004
Merycopotamus pusillus Lydekker 1885
G. †Octacodon Marsh 1894
G. †Bugtitherium Pilgrim 1908
+
G. †Bunobrachyodus Deperet 1908
G. †Choeromeryx Pomel 1848
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Invalid names: Chaeromeryx Lydekker 1885 [synonym]
G. †Elliottherium Scherler 2011
G. †Elotherium Pomel 1847
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Elotherium leidyanum Marsh in Cope 1868
Elotherium superbus Leidy 1868
Elotherium uintense Osborn 1895
G. †Gonotelma Pilgrim 1908
G. †Hemimeryx Lydekker 1883
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Hemimeryx blandfordi Lydekker 1883
Invalid names: Gelasmodon Forster-Cooper 1913 [synonym]
G. †Heothema Tang 1978
G. †Huananothema Tang 1978
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G. †Kukusepasutanka Macdonald 1956
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Kukusepasutanka schultzi Macdonald 1956
G. †Masritherium Fourtau 1918
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Masritherium aequatorialis MacInnes 1951
Masritherium depereti Fourtau 1918
G. †Merycops Pilgrim 1910
Subfm. †Microbunodontinae Lihoreau and Ducrocq 2007
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G. †Geniokeryx Ducrocq 2020
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Geniokeryx nanus Ducrocq et al. 2021
Geniokeryx thailandicus Ducrocq 1999
G. †Microbunodon Depéret 1908
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Microbunodon milaensis Lihoreau et al. 2004
Microbunodon minimum Lihoreau et al. 2004
Microbunodon silistrense Pentland 1828
G. †Pachychoerops Kretzoi 1941
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Invalid names: Isodactylus Dal Piaz 1927 [synonym]
G. †Parabrachyodus Forster-Cooper 1915
G. †Probrachyodus Xu and Chiu 1962
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Probrachyodus panchiaoensis Xu and Chiu 1962
G. †Qatraniodon Ducrocq 1997
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Qatraniodon parvus Andrews 1906
G. †Sivameryx Lydekker 1883
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Sivameryx africanus Andrews 1914
Sivameryx palaeindicus Lydekker 1883
Invalid names: Hyoboops Trouessart 1905 [synonym]
G. †Telmatodon Pilgrim 1907
G. †Ulausuodon Hu 1963
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Ulausuodon parvus Hu 1963
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: browserf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: possibly amphibious like hippopotamidsf
Created: 2005-08-31 14:33:14
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:33:14
Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Kron and Manning 1998, Lillegraven 1979

Age range: base of the Duchesnean to the top of the Messinian or 40.40000 to 5.33300 Ma

Collections (321 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2China (Shandong) Anthracokeryx sinensis (175281)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2China (Henan) Anthracokeryx sinensis (42165) Anthracotherium sp. (46193)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2Pakistan Anthracotheriidae indet. (93752)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2China (Nei Mongol) Anthracotheriidae indet. (28779) Ulausuodon parvus (28786)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2China (Beijing) Anthracotheriidae indet. (174745)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2China (Guangxi) Probrachyodus sp. nov. (190964)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2USA (Texas) Heptacodon yeguaensis (37559)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2China (Yunnan) Bothriodon sp., Hyoboops hui, Probrachyodus panchiaoensis (36668)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2China (Jiangsu) Anthracotheriidae indet. (37493)
Middle Eocene48.6 - 37.2USA (Oregon) Heptacodon sp. (16842)

Youngest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Kenya Anthracotheriidae indet. (22287)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Tunisia (Gafsa) Merycopotamus anisae (35277 35279)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Chad Libycosaurus bahri (230315)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Pakistan (Punjab) Hemimeryx pusillus, Merycopotamus dissimilis (13473) Merycopotamus dissimilis (13474) Merycopotamus medioximus (230458)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) Merycopotamus thachangensis, Microbunodon sp. (144187)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Uganda Libycosaurus anisae (22359 22360 22447)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Thailand (Nakorn Ratchasima) Microbunodon milaensis, Merycopotamus medioximus (67172)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Nepal (Dang Valley) Hemimeryx pusillus (201835)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Tunisia Anthracotheriidae indet. (65170) Merycopotamus dissimilus (35274)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chad Libycosaurus petrocchii (59839)