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Taxonomy
Felidae was named by Gray (1821). It is extant.
It was assigned to Digitigradae by Gray (1821); to Ferae by Gray (1825); to Ferae by Bonaparte (1850); to Fissipedia by Cope (1889); to Fissipedia by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Lambe (1908) and Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Aeluroidea by Mivart (1882), Flower (1883), Hay (1902), Carroll (1988), Hunt (1989) and Hunt (1998); to Carnivora by Leidy (1873), Cope (1875), Kurten (1968), Nowak (1991), Sach and Heizmann (2001), Mazak et al. (2011) and Tseng et al. (2013); to Feliformia by Morlo (1996), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Salesa et al. (2010) and Antón et al. (2013); and to Feloidea by Savage (1965), Flynn and Galiano (1982) and Hassanin et al. (2021).
It was assigned to Digitigradae by Gray (1821); to Ferae by Gray (1825); to Ferae by Bonaparte (1850); to Fissipedia by Cope (1889); to Fissipedia by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Lambe (1908) and Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Aeluroidea by Mivart (1882), Flower (1883), Hay (1902), Carroll (1988), Hunt (1989) and Hunt (1998); to Carnivora by Leidy (1873), Cope (1875), Kurten (1968), Nowak (1991), Sach and Heizmann (2001), Mazak et al. (2011) and Tseng et al. (2013); to Feliformia by Morlo (1996), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Salesa et al. (2010) and Antón et al. (2013); and to Feloidea by Savage (1965), Flynn and Galiano (1982) and Hassanin et al. (2021).
Subtaxa
Aeluropsis, Catolynx, Cynaelurus, Cynailurus, Diamantofelis, Drepanodon, Epimachairodus, Felinae, Hyperailurictis, Jansofelis, Katifelis, Machaerodus, Machairodontinae, Mellivorodon, Namafelis, Pantherinae, Plethaelurus, Proailurus, Profelis, Propontosmilus, Pseudaelurus, Sivaelurus, Sivafelis, Sivasmilus, Uncia, Vinayakia, Viretailurus, Vishnufelis
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1821 | Felidae Gray p. 302 |
1825 | Felidae Gray p. 339 |
1850 | Felidae Bonaparte p. 1 |
1873 | Felidae Leidy p. 315 |
1875 | Felidae Cope p. 5–7 |
1882 | Felidae Mivart p. 140 |
1883 | Felidae Flower p. 186 |
1889 | Felidae Cope p. 876 |
1891 | Felidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91 |
1902 | Felidae Hay p. 777 |
1908 | Felidae Lambe |
1965 | Felidae Savage p. 302 |
1968 | Felidae Kurten p. 72 |
1980 | Felidae Kurten and Anderson p. 185 |
1982 | Felidae Flynn and Galiano p. 47 |
1988 | Felidae Carroll |
1989 | Felidae Hunt, Jr. p. 28 |
1991 | Felidae Nowak |
1996 | Felidae Morlo p. 205 |
1998 | Felidae Hunt, Jr. p. 62 |
2001 | Felidae Sach and Heizmann p. 28 |
2005 | Felidae Wilson and Reeder |
2010 | Felidae Salesa et al. |
2011 | Felidae Mazak et al. |
2013 | Felidae Antón et al. p. 1206 |
2013 | Felidae Tseng et al. |
2021 | Felidae Hassanin et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Felidae Gray 1821 [cat]
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G. †Aeluropsis Lydekker 1884
G. Catolynx Severtzov 1858
G. Cynaelurus Gloger 1841
G. Cynailurus Wagler
G. †Diamantofelis Morales et al. 1998
+
†Diamantofelis ferox Morales et al. 1998
†Diamantofelis minor Morales et al. 1998
G. †Drepanodon Nesti 1826
G. †Epimachairodus Kretzoi 1929
Subfm. Felinae Trouessart 1885
+
G. Acinonyx Brookes 1828 [cheetah]
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†Acinonyx aicha Geraads 1997
Acinonyx jubatus Schreber 1775 [cheetah]
†Acinonyx pardinensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
G. Caracal Gray 1843
+
Caracal aurata Temminck 1827 [African golden cat]
Caracal caracal Schreber 1776 [caracal]
Caracal serval Schreber 1776 [serval]
+
Invalid names: Felis capensis Forster 1765 [synonym], Felis senegalensis Lesson 1839 [synonym]
G. Catopuma Severtzov 1858
G. Felis Linnaeus 1758 [cat]
+
†Felis antediluviana Kaup 1833
Felis arundivaza Hollister 1911
Felis bieti Milne-Edwards 1892 [Chinese mountain cat]
Felis borealis Thunberg 1798
+
Invalid names: Felis isabellina Blyth 1847 [synonym], Felis maculata Horsfield and Vigors 1829 [synonym]
Felis catus Linnaeus 1758 [cat]
Felis chaus Schreber 1777 [jungle cat]
Felis domesticus Erxleben 1777 [domestic cat]
†Felis gombaszoegensis Kretzoi 1938
Felis improcera Phillips 1912
†Felis lunensis Martelli 1906
Felis lybica Forster 1780 [African wildcat]
Felis margarita Loche 1858 [sand cat]
†Felis maximus Scott and Osborn 1890
Felis nigripes Burchell 1824 [black-footed cat]
Felis ocreata Gmelin 1791
†Felis pardoides Owen 1846
†Felis platensis Ameghino 1889
†Felis prisca Kaup 1833
†Felis proplatensis Ameghino 1904
†Felis propuma Ameghino 1904
†Felis pumoides Castellanos 1958
†Felis rexroadensis Stephens 1959
†Felis silvestris lybica Forster 1780
†Felis toscana Schaub 1949
†Felis youngi Pei
G. Herpailurus Severtzov 1858
G. Leopardus Gray 1842
+
Leopardus braccatus Cope 1889
Leopardus colocolo Molina 1782 [pampas cat]
Leopardus geoffroyi d'Orbigny and Gervais 1844 [geoffroy's cat]
Leopardus geoffroyi salinarum Thomas 1903
Leopardus guigna Molina 1782 [kodkod]
Leopardus guttulus Hensel 1872
Leopardus jacobita Cornalia 1865 [Andean mountain cat]
Leopardus pardalis Linnaeus 1758 [ocelot]
Leopardus tigrinus Schreber 1775 [oncilla]
+
Felis pardinoides oncilla Wilson and Reeder 2005
Invalid names: Felis pardinoides Gray 1867 [synonym]
†Leopardus vorohuensis Berta 1983
Leopardus wiedii Schinz 1821 [margay]
+
Leopardus wiedii glaucula Thomas 1903
Leopardus wiedii pirrensis Goldman 1914
Invalid names: Felis amnicola Gillette 1976 [synonym], Felis elegans Lesson 1830 [synonym], Felis macroura Wied 1826 [synonym]
G. Leptailurus Severtzov 1858
G. Lynx Kerr 1792 [lynx]
+
Felis (Lynx) lybiensis Kerr 1792
Felis (Lynx) montana Kerr 1792
Felis (Lynx) nubiensis Kerr 1792
Felis (Lynx) vulgaris Kerr 1792
Lynx canadensis Kerr 1792 [Canadian lynx]
†Lynx issiodorensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
†Lynx longignathus Shotwell 1956
Lynx lynx Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian lynx]
Lynx pardinus Temminck 1827 [Iberian lynx]
†Lynx proterolyncis Savage 1941
Lynx rufus Schreber 1777 [bobcat]
+
Invalid names: Felis calcaratus Cope 1899 [synonym], Lynx compressus Brown 1908 [synonym]
†Lynx shansius Teilhard de Chardin and Leroy 1945
Lynx texensis Allen 1895
Invalid names: Felis (Lynx) vulgaris maculatus Kerr 1792 [replaced], Lyncus Gray 1825 [synonym]
G. †Miracinonyx Adams 1979 [American cheetah]
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†Miracinonyx inexpectatus Cope 1895
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Invalid names: Felis longicrus Brown 1908 [synonym], Smilodontopsis mooreheadi Hay 1920 [synonym]
†Miracinonyx studeri Savage 1960
†Miracinonyx trumani Orr 1969
G. Neofelis Gray 1867 [clouded leopard]
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Neofelis diardi Cuvier 1823
Neofelis nebulosa Griffith 1821 [clouded leopard]
G. Panthera Oken 1816
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Subg. Panthera (Jaguarius) Simpson 1941
†Panthera balamoides Stinnesbeck et al. 2018
†Panthera blytheae Tseng et al. 2013
†Panthera gombaszoegensis Kretzoi 1938
Panthera leo Linnaeus 1758 [lion]
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†Panthera leo atrox Leidy 1853
Invalid names: Felis imperialis Leidy 1873 [synonym], Panthera onca mesembrina Cabrera 1934 [synonym]
†Panthera leo spelaea Goldfuss 1810
Panthera onca Linnaeus 1758 [jaguar]
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Invalid names: Felis augustus Leidy 1872 [synonym], Felis listai Roth 1899 [synonym], Felis veronis Hay 1919 [synonym]
†Panthera palaeosinensis Qiu et al. 2004
Panthera pardus Linnaeus 1758 [leopard]
Panthera tigris Linnaeus 1758 [tiger]
Panthera uncia Schreber 1775 [snow leopard]
†Panthera zdanskyi Mazak et al. 2011
Invalid names: Leo Brehm 1829 [synonym], Tigris Gray 1843 [synonym]
G. Pardofelis Severtzov 1858
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Pardofelis badia Gray 1874 [bay cat]
Pardofelis marmorata Martin 1837 [marbled cat]
Pardofelis temminckii Vigors and Horsfield 1827 [Asian golden cat]
G. Prionailurus Severtzov 1858
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Felis bengalensis sumatrana Horsfield 1824
Prionailurus bengalensis Kerr 1792 [leopard cat]
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Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis Imaizumi 1967
Prionailurus javanensis Desmarest 1816
Prionailurus planiceps Vigors and Horsfield 1827 [flat-headed cat]
Prionailurus rubiginosus Geoffroy 1831 [rusty-spotted cat]
Prionailurus viverrinus Bennett 1833 [fishing cat]
G. Puma Jardine 1834 [cougar]
+
Herpailurus yagouaroundi cacomitli Berlandier 1859
Puma concolor Linnaeus 1771 [puma]
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Invalid names: Felis aztecus Merriam 1903 [synonym], Felis bangsi Merriam 1901 [synonym], Felis bituminosa Merriam and Stock 1932 [synonym], Felis californica May 1896 [synonym], Felis coryi Bangs 1899 [synonym], Felis couguar Kerr 1792 [synonym], Felis daggetti Merriam 1918 [synonym], Felis hawveri Stock 1918 [synonym], Felis hippolestes Merriam 1897 [synonym], Felis oregonensis Rafinesque 1832 [synonym], Felis puma Molina 1782 [synonym]
†Puma lacustris Gazin 1933
Puma yagouaroundi Geoffroy 1803 [jaguarundi]
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Herpailurus yagouaroundi ameghinoi Holmberg 1898
Herpailurus yagouaroundi eyra Fischer 1814
Herpailurus yagouaroundi fossata Mearns 1901
Herpailurus yagouaroundi melantho Thomas 1914
Herpailurus yagouaroundi panamensis Allen 1904
Herpailurus yagouaroundi tolteca Thomas 1898
Herpailurus yagouaroundi yagouaroundi Geoffroy 1803
Invalid names: Felis apache Mearns 1901 [synonym], Felis darwini Martin 1837 [synonym], Felis jaguarondi Fischer 1814 [objective synonym], Felis unicolor Trail 1819 [synonym]
G. †Sivapanthera Kretsoi
+
†Sivapanthera arvernensis Croizet and Jobert 1828
†Sivapanthera linxiaensis Qiu et al. 2004
Invalid names: Felini Gray 1825 [empty]
G. †Hyperailurictis Kretzoi 1929
G. †Machaerodus Kaup 1833
+
†Machaerodus ensenadensis Ameghino 1888
†Machaerodus niobrarensis Thorpe 1922
Subfm. †Machairodontinae Gill 1872
+
G. †Dinofelis Zdansky 1924
+
†Dinofelis abeli Zdansky 1924
†Dinofelis aronoki Werdelin and Lewis 2001
†Dinofelis barlowi Broom 1937
†Dinofelis cristata Falconer and Cautley 1836
†Dinofelis darti Toerien 1955
†Dinofelis diastemata Astre 1929
†Dinofelis palaeoonca Meade 1945
†Dinofelis petteri Werdelin and Lewis 2001
†Dinofelis piveteaui Ewer 1955
†Dinofelis werdelini Jiangzuo et al. 2023
G. †Hemimachairodus Koeningswald 1974
Tr. †Machairodontini Gill 1872
+
G. †Amphimachairodus Kretzoi 1929
+
†Amphimachairodus alvarezi Ruiz-Ramoni et al. 2019
†Amphimachairodus coloradensis Cook 1922
†Amphimachairodus giganteus Kretzoi 1929
†Amphimachairodus hezhengensis Jiangzuo et al. 2023
†Amphimachairodus horribilis Schlosser 1903
Subtr. †Homotheriina Jiangzuo et al. 2022
+
G. †Homotherium Fabrini 1890
+
†Homotherium crusafonti Schultz and Martin 1970
†Homotherium hadarensis Petter and Howell 1988
†Homotherium idahoensis Merriam 1918
†Homotherium ischyrus Merriam 1905
†Homotherium johnstoni Mawby 1965
†Homotherium latidens Owen 1846 [scimitar toothed cat]
+
Invalid names: Homotherium serum Cope 1893 [synonym]
†Homotherium problematicum Collings 1972
†Homotherium sainzelli Aymard 1853
†Homotherium ultimum Teilhard 1936
Invalid names: Dinobastis Cope 1893 [synonym]
G. †Nimravides Kitts 1958
+
†Nimravides galiani Baskin 1981
†Nimravides hibbardi Dalquest 1969
†Nimravides pedionomus Macdonald 1948
†Nimravides thinobates Macdonald 1948
G. †Xenosmilus Martin et al. 2000
+
†Xenosmilus hodsonae Martin et al. 2000
†Xenosmilus venezuelensis Rincón et al. 2011
G. †Lokotunjailurus Werdelin 2003
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†Lokotunjailurus chinsamyae Jiangzuo et al. 2023
†Lokotunjailurus emageritus Werdelin 2003
†Lokotunjailurus fanonei de Bonis et al. 2010
G. †Machairodus Kaup 1833
+
†Machairodus africanus Arambourg 1979
†Machairodus aphanistus Kaup 1833
†Machairodus catocopis Cope 1887
†Machairodus giganteus Wagner 1848
†Machairodus irtyschensis Orlov 1936
†Machairodus ischimicus Orlov 1936
†Machairodus kurteni Sotnikova 1991
†Machairodus lahayishupup Orcutt and Calede 2021
†Machairodus necator Gervais 1880
†Machairodus nihowanensis Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Machairodus tanneri Martin and Schultz 1975
G. †Miomachairodus Schmidt-Kittler 1976
Tr. †Metailurini
+
G. †Metailurus Zdansky 1924
+
†Metailurus major Zdansky 1924
†Metailurus parvulus Hensel 1862
†Metailurus ultimus Li 2014
G. †Pontosmilus Kretzoi 1929
G. †Stenailurus Crusafont-Pairo and Aguirre 1972
G. †Therailurus Piveteau 1948
G. †Yoshi Spassov and Geraads 2015
+
†Yoshi faie Jiangzou et al. 2022
†Yoshi garevskii Spassov and Geraads 2015
†Yoshi minor Zdansky 1924
†Yoshi obscura Hendey 1974
†Yoshi yongdengensis Jiangzou et al. 2022
G. †Paramachaerodus Pilgrim 1913
+
†Paramachaerodus maximiliani Zdansky 1924
†Paramachaerodus ogygia Kaup 1833
†Paramachaerodus orientalis Kittl 1887
†Paramachaerodus schlosseri Weithofer 1888
†Paramachaerodus transasiaticus Li and Spassov 2017
†Paramachaerodus yingliangi Jiangzou et al. 2022
Invalid names: Promegantereon Kretzoi 1938 [synonym]
Tr. †Smilodontini Kretzoi 1929
+
G. †Megantereon Croizet and Jobert 1828
+
†Megantereon cultridens Cuvier 1824
†Megantereon eurynodon Ewer 1955
†Megantereon falconeri Pomel 1853
+
Invalid names: Megantereon sivalensis Falconer and Cautley 1868 [synonym]
†Megantereon gracilis Broom and Schepers 1946
†Megantereon hesperus Gazin 1933
†Megantereon inexpectatus Teilhard de Chardin 1939
†Megantereon megantereon Croizet and Jobert 1828
†Megantereon nihowanensis Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Megantereon whitei Broom 1937
G. †Smilodon Lund 1841 [saber-toothed cat]
+
†Smilodon crucians Ameghino 1904
†Smilodon fatalis Leidy 1868
+
Invalid names: Machaerodus floridanus Leidy 1889 [synonym], Smilodon californicus Bovard 1907 [synonym], Smilodon nebraskensis Matthew 1918 [synonym], Smilodon trinitiensis Slaughter 1960 [synonym], Smilodontopsis conardi Brown 1908 [synonym], Smilodontopsis troglodytes Brown 1908 [synonym]
†Smilodon riggii Kraglievich 1948
Invalid names: Smilodontidion Kraglievich 1948 [synonym], Smilodontopsis Brown 1908 [synonym], Trucifelis Leidy 1869 [synonym]
G. †Mellivorodon Lydekker 1884
G. †Namafelis Morales et al. 2003
G. Plethaelurus Cope 1882
G. †Profelis Severtzov 1858
G. †Propontosmilus Kretzoi 1929
G. †Pseudaelurus Leidy 1858
+
†Pseudaelurus aeluroides Macdonald 1954
†Pseudaelurus africanus Andrews 1914
†Pseudaelurus cuspidatus Wang et al. 1998
†Pseudaelurus edwardsi Filhol 1872
†Pseudaelurus guangheensis Cao et al. 1990
†Pseudaelurus intrepidus Leidy 1858
†Pseudaelurus marshi Thorpe 1922
†Pseudaelurus quadridentatus de Blainville 1843
†Pseudaelurus romieviensis Roman and Viret 1934
†Pseudaelurus skinneri Rothwell 2003
†Pseudaelurus stouti Schultz and Martin 1972
†Pseudaelurus validus Rothwell 2001
G. †Sivaelurus Pilgrim 1913
G. †Sivafelis Pilgrim 1932
G. †Sivasmilus Kretzoi 1929
G. Uncia Schreber 1775
G. †Vinayakia Pilgrim 1932
G. †Viretailurus Hemmer 1965
G. †Vishnufelis Pilgrim 1932
Invalid names: Pantherinae Pocock 1917 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Whitneyan to the top of the Holocene or 33.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 30.8 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 30.8 Ma
Collections (1212 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Early/Lower Oligocene | Mongolia | Proailurus sp. (77772) | |
Whitneyan | USA (South Dakota) | Felidae indet. (17358) | |
Arikareean | USA (Montana) | Felidae indet. (17543) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene | Kazakhstan | Felidae indet. (74900) | |
MP 30 | France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) | Proailurus lemanensis (179146) | |
Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene | Kazakhstan | Machairodontinae indet. (74901) | |
Early/Lower Miocene | Kenya | Pseudaelurus africanus (146600) | |
Early/Lower Miocene | Mongolia | Pseudaelurus sp. (85060) | |
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | Spain (Castile-La Mancha) | Felidae indet. (136269) | |
Miocene | USA (Kansas) | Nimravides thinobates (18338) | |
Miocene | France | Pseudaelurus quadradentatus, Pseudaelurus turnauensis (200296) | |
Miocene | France (Vaucluse) | Machairodus giganteus (201497) | |
Miocene | USA (Idaho) | Felidae indet. (19087) | |
Miocene | Kyrgyzstan (Kochkor) | Paramachaerodus sp. (219042) | |
Miocene | USA (California) | Felidae indet. (19376) | |
Miocene | USA (Nevada) | Carnivora indet. (19129) Felidae indet. (18837 18982) | |
Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | Dinofelis sp., Felis caracal (22224) Machairodus sp. (22228) Panthera sp. (22229) | |
Miocene - Pliocene | Uganda | Felidae indet. (22412 22415) Homotherium sp. (22418) | |
Neogene | Ukraine | Felidae indet. (75854) Machaerodus sp. (184130) | |
Neogene | Taiwan | Felis sp. (76865) |