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Taxonomy
Australopithecus was named by Dart (1925). It is not extant. Its type is Australopithecus africanus.
It was assigned to Hominoidea by White et al. (1994); to Homininae by Andrews and Cronin (1982) and Cameron (1997); to Australopithecinae by Pilbeam et al. (1977) and Cela-Conde and Ayala (2003); to Hominina by Harrison (2010); to Hominidae by McKenna and Bell (1997) and Berger et al. (2010); and to Hominini by Strait et al. (2015).
It was assigned to Hominoidea by White et al. (1994); to Homininae by Andrews and Cronin (1982) and Cameron (1997); to Australopithecinae by Pilbeam et al. (1977) and Cela-Conde and Ayala (2003); to Hominina by Harrison (2010); to Hominidae by McKenna and Bell (1997) and Berger et al. (2010); and to Hominini by Strait et al. (2015).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1925 | Australopithecus Dart |
| 1938 | Plesianthropus Broom |
| 1959 | Zinjanthropus Leakey |
| 1967 | Paraustralopithecus Arambourg and Coppens |
| 1977 | Australopithecus Pilbeam et al. p. 695 |
| 1982 | Australopithecus Andrews and Cronin p. 545 |
| 1994 | Australopithecus White et al. p. 306 |
| 1997 | Australopithecus Cameron |
| 1997 | Australopithecus McKenna and Bell |
| 2003 | Australopithecus Cela-Conde and Ayala |
| 2010 | Australopithecus Berger et al. p. 195 |
| 2010 | Australopithecus Harrison |
| 2015 | Australopithecus Strait et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Australopithecus Dart 1925 [australopithecine]
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†Australopithecus afarensis Johanson et al. 1978
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Invalid names: Homo antiquus Ferguson 1984 [synonym], Praeanthropus afarensis Strait and Grine 2004 [synonym], Praeanthropus africanus Weinert 1950 [synonym]
†Australopithecus africanus Dart 1925
†Australopithecus anamensis Ward et al. 1999
†Australopithecus deyiremeda Haile-Selassie et al. 2015
†Australopithecus garhi Asfaw et al. 1999
†Australopithecus sediba Berger et al. 2010
Invalid names: Homo antiquus praegens Ferguson 1989 [invalid subgroup], Paraustralopithecus Arambourg and Coppens 1967 [synonym], Plesianthropus Broom 1938 [synonym], Zinjanthropus Leakey 1959 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Messinian to the top of the Middle Pleistocene or 7.24600 to 0.12900 Ma
Collections (84 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tortonian - Zanclean | Kenya | Australopithecus africanus (22236) | |
| Messinian | Kenya | Australopithecus afarensis (22274) | |
| Messinian - Piacenzian | Kenya (Turkana District) | Australopithecus africanus (21332) | |
| Zanclean | Kenya | Australopithecus afarensis (22278 22338) Australopithecus anamensis (22234) | |
| Zanclean | Ethiopia | Australopithecus afarensis (22563 22567) Australopithecus sp. (22174) | |
| Zanclean | Kenya (Turkana District) | Australopithecus sp. (21336) | |
| Pliocene | Ethiopia (Afar) | Australopithecus garhi (70907) | |
| Pliocene | Kenya (Western) | Australopithecus anamensis (232497) | |
| Pliocene | Tanzania (Eastern Drift Valley) | Australopithecus afarensis (32050) | |
| Pliocene | Kenya | Australopithecus sp. (22321) | |
| Pliocene | South Africa | Australopithecus africanus (22355) | |
| Pliocene | South Africa (North West) | Australopithecus africanus (71071) | |
| Pliocene | Ethiopia | Australopithecus afarensis (22664) Hominidae indet. (21754) | |
| Pliocene | Ethiopia (Woranso–Mille) | Australopithecus deyiremeda (201474) | |
| Zanclean - Piacenzian | Kenya | Australopithecus afarensis (22239) | |
| Zanclean - Pliocene | Kenya | Australopithecus sp. (22267) | |
| Pliocene - Calabrian | South Africa | Australopithecus indet., Australopithecus africanus (21791) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | South Africa | Australopithecus africanus (22340) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Ethiopia (Afar) | Australopithecus afarensis (231987) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene (early glacial) | Kenya (Rift Valley) | Australopithecus afarensis (231926) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Piacenzian | Ethiopia | Australopithecus sp. (21546) | |
| Piacenzian | Ethiopia | Australopithecus afarensis (21756 21757 21758 21759 21760 21761 21762 21763 21764 21765 21766 21767 21768 21769 21770 21771 21774 21775 21776 21777 21778 21779 21781 21782 21783 21784 21785) Australopithecus sp. (21549 21599 21600 21640) | |
| Piacenzian | Kenya | Australopithecus sp. (21484) | |
| Piacenzian | Tanzania | Australopithecus afarensis (21800) | |
| Piacenzian | Chad | Australopithecus afarensis (21962) Australopithecus sp. (22505 22506) | |
| Piacenzian | Ethiopia (Afar) | Australopithecus afarensis (69088 70721) | |
| Gelasian | Ethiopia | Australopithecus sp. (21555 21556 21566 21613 21618 21620 21630 21632 21661 21674 21994 21995 21999 22039) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | South Africa | Australopithecus sediba (95150) | |
| Pleistocene | Kenya | Australopithecus sp. (22268 22269 22270) | |
| Calabrian | Tanzania | Australopithecus sp. (22470) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Kenya (Rift Valley) | Australopithecus indet. (232496) |