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Macroscelidea (elephant shrew)
Taxonomy
Macroscelidea was named by Butler (1956). It is extant.
It was reranked as the suborder Macroscelidea by Van Valen (1967); it was reranked as the unranked clade Macroscelidea by Zack et al. (2005).
It was assigned to Insectivora by Van Valen (1967); to Anagalida by McKenna (1975); to Eutheria by Carroll (1988) and Nowak (1991); to Afrotheria by Waddell et al. (1999) and Madsen et al. (2001); to Apheliscinae by Zack et al. (2005); to Mammalia by Wilson and Reeder (2005); and to Afroinsectivora by Waddell et al. (2001) and Seiffert (2007).
It was reranked as the suborder Macroscelidea by Van Valen (1967); it was reranked as the unranked clade Macroscelidea by Zack et al. (2005).
It was assigned to Insectivora by Van Valen (1967); to Anagalida by McKenna (1975); to Eutheria by Carroll (1988) and Nowak (1991); to Afrotheria by Waddell et al. (1999) and Madsen et al. (2001); to Apheliscinae by Zack et al. (2005); to Mammalia by Wilson and Reeder (2005); and to Afroinsectivora by Waddell et al. (2001) and Seiffert (2007).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1866 | Dipogales Murray |
1956 | Macroscelidea Butler |
1967 | Macroscelidea Van Valen |
1975 | Macroscelidea McKenna p. 42 |
1988 | Macroscelidea Carroll |
1991 | Macroscelidea Nowak |
1999 | Macroscelidea Waddell et al. p. cover |
2001 | Macroscelidea Madsen et al. p. 610 |
2001 | Macroscelidea Waddell et al. p. 148 |
2005 | Macroscelidea Wilson and Reeder |
2005 | Macroscelidea Zack et al. |
2007 | Macroscelidea Seiffert |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Macroscelidea Butler 1956 [elephant shrew]
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G. †Adunator Russell 1964
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†Adunator abditus Secord 2008
†Adunator amplus Secord 2008
†Adunator fredericki Rigby, Jr. 1980
†Adunator lehmani Russell 1964
†Adunator martinezi Rigby, Jr. 1980
†Adunator meizon Gingerich 1983
Invalid names: Mckennatherium Van Valen 1965 [synonym]
Fm. †Afrohypselodontidae Senut and Pickford 2021
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G. †Afrohypselodontus Senut and Pickford 2021
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†Afrohypselodontus grandis Senut and Pickford 2021
†Afrohypselodontus minus Senut and Pickford 2021
Fm. †Amphilemuridae Hill 1953
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G. †Alsaticopithecus Hürzeler 1947
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†Alsaticopithecus leemani Hürzeler 1947
†Alsaticopithecus leemanni Hürzeler 1947
G. †Gesneropithex Hürzeler 1946
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†Gesneropithex fingularis Hooker 1986
†Gesneropithex peyeri Hürzeler 1946
Subfm. †Hylomysoidinae Tong and Wang 2006
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G. †Macrocranion Weitzel 1949
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†Macrocranion germonpreae Smith 1997
†Macrocranion junnei Smith et al. 2002
†Macrocranion nitens Matthew 1918
†Macrocranion robinsoni Krishtalka and Setoguchi 1977
†Macrocranion tenerum Tobien 1962
†Macrocranion tupaiodon Weitzel 1949
Invalid names: Aculeodens Weitzel 1949 [synonym], Dormaalius Quinet 1964 [synonym]
G. †Neomatronella Russell et al. 1975
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†Neomatronella gassoni Hooker 2010
†Neomatronella luciannae Russell et al. 1975
G. †Pholidocercus von Koenigswald and Storch 1983
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†Pholidocercus hassiacus von Koenigswald and Storch 1983
G. †Zionodon Dunn and Rasmussen 2009
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†Zionodon satanus Dunn and Rasmussen 2009
†Zionodon walshi Dunn and Rasmussen 2009
Invalid names: Amphilemurinae Hill 1953 [empty], Dormaaliidae Quinet 1964 [synonym]
Fm. †Apheliscidae Matthew 1918
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G. †Aletodon Gingerich 1977
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†Aletodon conardae Winterfeld 1982
†Aletodon gunnelli Gingerich 1977
†Aletodon mellon Van Valen 1978
†Aletodon quadravus Gingerich 1983
G. †Apheliscus Cope 1875
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†Apheliscus chydaeus Gingerich 1994
†Apheliscus insidiosus Cope 1874
†Apheliscus nitidus Simpson 1937
†Apheliscus wapitiensis Van Valen 1967
G. †Gingerichia Zack et al. 2005
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†Gingerichia geoteretes Zack et al. 2005
†Gingerichia hystrix Zack et al. 2005
G. †Haplaletes Simpson 1935
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†Haplaletes andakupensis Van Valen 1978
†Haplaletes disceptatrix Simpson 1935
†Haplaletes pelicatus Gazin 1956
G. †Haplomylus Matthew 1915
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†Haplomylus bozemanensis Robinson and Williams 1997
†Haplomylus meridionalis Beard and Dawson 2009
†Haplomylus palustris Gingerich 1994
†Haplomylus scottianus Gingerich 1994
†Haplomylus simpsoni Rose 1981
†Haplomylus speirianus Cope 1880
†Haplomylus zalmouti Gingerich and Smith 2006
G. †Litomylus Simpson 1935
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†Litomylus aequidens Matthew 1937
†Litomylus dissentaneus Simpson 1935
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Invalid names: Litomylus osceolae Van Valen 1978 [synonym], Litomylus scaphiscus Gazin 1956 [synonym]
†Litomylus grandaletes Scott et al. 2002
†Litomylus ishami Gazin 1956
†Litomylus orthronepius Johnston and Fox 1984
†Litomylus scaphicus Gazin 1956
Subfm. †Louisininae Sudre and Russell 1982
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G. †Litocherus Gingerich 1983
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†Litocherus notissimus Simpson 1936
†Litocherus zygeus Gingerich 1983
Fm. †Louisinidae Hooker and Russell 2012
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G. †Berrulestes Hooker and Russell 2012
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†Berrulestes pellouini Hooker and Russell 2012
†Berrulestes phelizoni Hooker and Russell 2012
†Berrulestes poirieri Hooker and Russell 2012
G. †Gigarton Hooker and Russell 2012
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†Gigarton louisi Hooker and Russell 2012
†Gigarton meyeri Hooker and Russell 2012
†Gigarton sigogneauae Hooker and Russell 2012
G. †Louisina Russell 1964
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†Louisina marci Hooker and Russell 2012
†Louisina mirabilis Russell 1964
G. †Walbeckodon Hooker and Russell 2012
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†Walbeckodon girardi Hooker and Russell 2012
†Walbeckodon krumbiegeli Hooker and Russell 2012
Fm. Macroscelididae Bonaparte 1838 [elephant shrew]
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Subfm. †Herodotiinae Simons et al. 1991
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G. †Nementchatherium Tabuce et al. 2001
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†Nementchatherium rathbuni Tabuce et al. 2012
†Nementchatherium senarhense Tabuce et al. 2001
Subfm. Macroscelidinae Bonaparte 1838
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Tr. Elephantulini Dumbacher et al. 2016
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G. Elephantulus Thomas and Schwann 1906
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Elephantulus brachyrhynchus Smith 1834 [Short-snouted elephant shrew]
Elephantulus edwardii Smith 1839 [Cape elephant shrew]
Elephantulus fuscipes Thomas 1894 [Dusky-footed elephant shrew]
Elephantulus fuscus Peters 1852 [Dusky elephant shrew]
Elephantulus intufi Smith 1834 [Bushveld elephant shrew]
Elephantulus myurus Thomas and Schwann 1906 [Eastern rock elephant shrew]
Elephantulus pulcher Thomas 1894
Elephantulus revoili Huet 1881 [Somali elephant shrew]
Elephantulus rufescens Peters 1878 [Rufous elephant shrew]
Elephantulus rupestris Smith 1831 [Western rock elephant shrew]
Invalid names: Elephantomys Broom 1938 [synonym]
G. Nasilio Thomas and Schwann 1906
G. †Palaeothentoides Stromer 1932
Tr. Macroscelidini Bonaparte 1838
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G. Macroscelides Smith
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Macroscelides proboscideus Shaw 1800 [Short-eared elephant shrew]
Invalid names: Diposorex Blainville 1838 [synonym], Eumerus Saint-Hilaire 1829 [synonym], Macroscelis Fischer 1830 [synonym], Rhinomys Lichtenstein 1831 [synonym]
G. †Metoldobotes Schlosser 1910
G. Petrodromus Peters 1846
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Petrodromus tetradactylus Peters 1846 [four-toed elephant shrew]
Invalid names: Cercoctenus Hollister 1916 [synonym], Mesoctenus Thomas 1918 [synonym]
G. Petrosaltator Dumbacher et al. 2016
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Petrosaltator rozeti Duvernoy 1833 [North african elephant shrew]
Invalid names: Rhynchocyonini Gill 1872 [empty]
Subfm. †Namasenginae Senut and Pickford 2021
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Fm. †Rhynchocyonidae Gill 1872
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G. †Brevirhynchocyon Senut and Pickford 2021
G. †Hypsorhynchocyon Senut 2008
G. †Miorhynchocyon Butler 1984
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†Miorhynchocyon clarki Butler and Hopwood 1957
†Miorhynchocyon gariepensis Senut 2003
†Miorhynchocyon meswae Butler 1984
G. Rhynchocyon Peters 1847
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Rhynchocyon chrysopygus Günther 1881 [Golden-rumped elephant shrew]
Rhynchocyon cirnei Peters 1847
†Rhynchocyon clarki Butler and Hopwood 1957
Rhynchocyon petersi Bocage 1880
†Rhynchocyon rusingae Butler 1969
Invalid names: Rhinonax Thomas 1918 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dipogales Murray 1866 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Torrejonian to the top of the Holocene or 63.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 63.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 63.3 Ma
Collections (570 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Puercan | USA (Montana) | Haplaletes andakupensis (14766) Litomylus orthronepius (14809) | |
Puercan | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Litomylus orthronepius (14768) | |
Puercan | USA (Utah) | Haplaletes andakupensis (14790) | |
Danian | Belgium (Hainaut) | Monshyus praevius, Cingulodon magioncaldai (132949) | |
Danian | USA (North Dakota) | Haplaletes diminutivus, Litolestes lacunatus (14962) | |
To2 | Canada (Alberta) | Litomylus sp. (14894) | |
Torrejonian | USA (Montana) | Haplaletes disceptatrix, Litomylus dissentaneus, Mckennatherium ladae (14906) | |
Torrejonian | USA (New Mexico) | Adunator ladae, Haplaletes disceptatrix, Litomylus dissentaneus (14893) Haplaletes sp. (14832) Litomylus dissentaneus (14815) | |
Torrejonian | USA (Texas) | Haplaletes disceptatrix (14956) | |
Torrejonian | USA (Wyoming) | Adunator ladae, Haplaletes disceptatrix, Litocherus lacunatus, Litomylus dissentaneus (14898) Adunator ladae, Litomylus dissentaneus (14879) Haplaletes disceptatrix (14896 14904) Haplaletes disceptatrix, Litomylus dissentaneus, Mckennatherium fredericki, Mckennatherium martinezi (14886) Haplaletes disceptatrix, Litomylus dissentaneus, Mckennatherium ladae, Mckennatherium sp. (14912) Litomylus dissentaneus (14881 14897 14903) | |
Torrejonian - Tiffanian | USA (Wyoming) | Haplaletes disceptatrix (14851) Litomylus scaphicus (14820) | |
Ti1 | Canada (Alberta) | Litocherus sp., Litocherus lacunatus, Litomylus dissentaneus, Litomylus sp., Apheliscinae indet. (14939) | |
Ti3 | Canada (Alberta) | Diacocherus minutus, Litolestes notissimus (14992) Litocherus zygeus (14928) | |
Ti3 | USA (Colorado) | Haplaletes pelicatus (99821) | |
Ti4 | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Diacocherus meizon, Litocherus lacunatus, Litocherus zygeus (14978) | |
Tiffanian | Canada (Alberta) | Diacocherus meizon (14934) Diacocherus minutus, Litocherus notissimus, Litocherus zygeus (14957) Licherus notissimus (14973) Litocherus lacunatus, Diacocherus minutus (14995) Litocherus notissimus, Litocherus zygeus (14954 14959) Litocherus zygeus (14929 14960) | |
Tiffanian | USA (Montana) | Gingerichia geoteretes (15030) Gingerichia sp. 1 (15010) Haplaletes diminutivus, Litolestes notissimus, Scenopagus sp. (15048) Haplaletes disceptatrix, Litomylus ishami, Litolestes lacunatus (14937) Haplaletes sp., Haplaletes disceptatrix, Litomylus dissentaneus (15047) Litocherus notissimus (15064) Litomylus dissentaneus, Hyopsodontidae indet. (15025) | |
Tiffanian | USA (Wyoming) | Adunator minutus, Phenacodaptes sabulosus (15057) Aletodon conardae, Phenacodaptes sabulosus, Scenopagus proavus, Litolestes lacunatus (14974) Aletodon quadravus, Diacocherus meizon, Dorraletes diminutivus, Litocherus lacunatus (14936) Aletodon quadravus, Haplaletes serior, Mckennatherium ladae, Litolestes lacunatus (15017) Aletodon sp. (53059) Aletodon sp., Adunator minutus, Litocherus lacunatus (15059) Apheliscus nitidus (190419 190476) Diacocherus sp. (26569) Diacodon minutus (15032) Haplaletes disceptatrix (15014) Haplaletes disceptatrix, Litomylus dissentaneus (15016) Haplaletes pelicatus, Litomylus ishami (14999) Haplaletes pelicatus, Litomylus scaphicus, Litomylus scaphiscus, Litolestes lacunatus (14989) Haplaletes serior, Litolestes lacunatus (14997) Haplaletes sp., Haplaletes disceptatrix (198265) Haplaletes sp., Haplaletes disceptatrix, Haplaletes pelicatus (198264) Haplaletes sp., Haplaletes disceptatrix, Haplaletes pelicatus, Litomylus dissentaneus (198263) Haplaletes sp., Haplaletes pelicatus, Litomylus dissentaneus (198262) Haplaletes sp., Leptacodon ladae (14965) Leptacodon ladae, Haplaletes diminutivus (14944) Litaletes sp., Haplaletes disceptatrix (14926) Litolestes lacunatus (15001) Litomylus dissentaneus (14983 15015) Litomylus ishami (14981) Litomylus scaphicus, Litomylus scaphiscus (14964) Litomylus sp. (15067) Litomylus sp., Mckennatherium ladae, Litolestes notissimus (15034) Litomylus sp., Phenacodaptes sabulosus, Scenopagus proavus, Talpavus sp. (15036) Phenacodaptes sabulosus (190437) Phenacodaptes sabulosus, Adunator abditus, Diacodon minutus (15049) Phenacodaptes sabulosus, Litomylus ishami, Scenopagus proavus, Litolestes lacunatus (14952) Phenacodaptes sp. (187515) | |
Tiffanian | USA (North Dakota) | Aletodon quadravus, Haplaletes diminutivus, Litolestes lacunatus (14931) Diacocherus minutus (14976) | |
Tiffanian | USA (Colorado) | Haplaletes serior, Haplomylus simpsoni, Litomylus ishami, Phenacodaptes sabulosus (174227) Utemylus latomius (14967) |