Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Alcidae (auk)
Taxonomy
Alcidae was named by Leach (1820). It is extant.
It was assigned to Alcoidea by Hay (1902); to Alcoidae by Hay (1930); to Larolimicolae by Lambrecht (1933); to Alciformes by Mlikovsky (1987); to Alcae by Miller and Howard (1949), Wetmore (1956), Wetmore (1960) and Chandler (1990); to Ciconiiformes by Martin et al. (2000); to Charadriiformes by Mayr (2005); to Alcides by Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Panalcidae by Smith (2011), Smith and Mayr (2013) and Smith (2014); to Charadriiformes by Brodkorb (1955), Miller and Bowman (1958), Howard (1968), Howard (1978), Olson (1981), Howard (1982), Olson (1985), Howard and Barnes (1987), Carroll (1988), Guthrie (1992), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Dyke and Walker (2005), Smith et al. (2007), Wijnker and Olson (2009), Smith and Clarke (2011), Watanabe et al. (2016) and Clements et al. (2017); and to Lari by del Hoyo et al. (2014) and Mayr (2022).
It was assigned to Alcoidea by Hay (1902); to Alcoidae by Hay (1930); to Larolimicolae by Lambrecht (1933); to Alciformes by Mlikovsky (1987); to Alcae by Miller and Howard (1949), Wetmore (1956), Wetmore (1960) and Chandler (1990); to Ciconiiformes by Martin et al. (2000); to Charadriiformes by Mayr (2005); to Alcides by Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Panalcidae by Smith (2011), Smith and Mayr (2013) and Smith (2014); to Charadriiformes by Brodkorb (1955), Miller and Bowman (1958), Howard (1968), Howard (1978), Olson (1981), Howard (1982), Olson (1985), Howard and Barnes (1987), Carroll (1988), Guthrie (1992), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Dyke and Walker (2005), Smith et al. (2007), Wijnker and Olson (2009), Smith and Clarke (2011), Watanabe et al. (2016) and Clements et al. (2017); and to Lari by del Hoyo et al. (2014) and Mayr (2022).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1820 | Alcidae Leach |
1902 | Alcidae Hay p. 524 |
1930 | Alcidae Hay p. 342 |
1933 | Alcidae Lambrecht p. 549 |
1949 | Alcidae Miller and Howard p. 222 |
1955 | Alcidae Brodkorb p. 25 |
1956 | Alcidae Wetmore p. 78 |
1958 | Alcidae Miller and Bowman p. 13 |
1960 | Alcidae Wetmore p. 28 |
1968 | Alcidae Howard p. 15 |
1978 | Alcidae Howard p. 20 |
1981 | Alcidae Olson p. 97 |
1982 | Alcidae Howard p. 3 |
1985 | Alcidae Olson p. 182 |
1987 | Alcidae Howard and Barnes p. 3 |
1987 | Alcidae Mlikovsky p. 136 |
1988 | Alcidae Carroll |
1990 | Alcidae Chandler p. 137 |
1992 | Alcidae Guthrie p. 323 |
2000 | Alcidae Martin et al. p. 54 |
2001 | Alcidae Olson and Rasmussen p. 267 |
2005 | Alcidae Dyke and Walker p. 235 |
2005 | Alcidae Mayr p. 318 |
2007 | Alcidae Livezey and Zusi p. 92 |
2007 | Alcidae Smith et al. p. 1040 |
2009 | Alcidae Wijnker and Olson |
2011 | Alcidae Smith p. 7 |
2011 | Alcidae Smith and Clarke p. 16 |
2013 | Alcidae Smith and Mayr p. 777 |
2014 | Alcidae Smith p. 227 |
2014 | Alcidae del Hoyo et al. |
2016 | Alcidae Watanabe et al. p. 64 |
2017 | Alcidae Clements et al. |
2022 | Alcidae Mayr p. 77 figs. Fig. 5.2 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Alcidae Leach 1820 [auk]
show all | hide all
G. Alca Linnaeus 1758 [auk]
+
†Alca ausonia Portis 1887
†Alca carolinensis Smith and Clarke 2011
†Alca grandis Brodkorb 1955
†Alca minor Smith and Clarke 2011
†Alca olsoni Smith and Clarke 2011
†Alca stewarti Martin et al. 2000
Alca torda Linnaeus 1758 [razorbill]
Invalid names: Australca Brodkorb 1955 [synonym], Plautus Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
Subfm. Alcinae Leach 1820
+
G. Brachyramphus Brandt 1837
+
Brachyramphus brevirostris Vigors 1829 [Kittlitz's murrelet]
†Brachyramphus dunkeli Chandler 1990
Brachyramphus marmoratus Gmelin 1789 [Marbled murrelet]
Brachyramphus perdix Pallas 1811 [Long-billed murrelet]
†Brachyramphus pliocenum Howard 1949
G. Cerorhinca Bonaparte 1828
+
†Cerorhinca dubia Miller 1925
†Cerorhinca minor Howard 1971
Cerorhinca monocerata Pallas 1811 [rhinoceros auklet]
†Cerorhinca reai Chandler 1990
G. †Mancalla Lucas 1901
+
†Mancalla californiensis Lucas 1901
†Mancalla cedrosensis Howard 1971
†Mancalla lucasi Smith 2011
†Mancalla vegrandis Smith 2011
Invalid names: Pliolunda Miller 1937 [synonym]
G. †Pinguinus Bonnaterre 1790 [Great auk]
+
†Pinguinus alfrednewtoni Olson 1977
†Pinguinus impennis Linnaeus 1758 [Great auk]
G. Synthliboramphus Brandt 1837
+
Synthliboramphus antiquum Gmelin 1789 [Ancient murrelet]
Synthliboramphus antiquus Gmelin 1789 [Ancient murrelet]
Synthliboramphus craveri Salvadori 1865 [Craveri's murrelet]
Synthliboramphus hypoleucus Xantas 1860 [Guadalupe murrelet]
†Synthliboramphus rineyi Chandler 1990
Synthliboramphus scrippsi Green and Arnold 1939 [Scripps's murrelet]
Synthliboramphus wumizusume Temminck 1835 [Japanese murrelet]
Invalid names: Endomychura Oberholser 1899 [synonym]
G. Uria Brisson 1760
+
Uria aalge Pontoppidan 1763 [Common murre]
†Uria affinis Marsh 1872
†Uria antiqua Marsh 1870
†Uria brodkorbi Howard 1981
Uria lomvia Linnaeus 1758 [Thick-billed murre]
†Uria onoi Watanabe et al. 2016
†Uria paleohesperis Howard 1982
†Uria troile Lydekker 1891
Invalid names: Alcini Storer 1960 [empty]
G. Cepphus Moehring 1758
+
Cepphus carbo Pallas 1811 [spectacled guillemot]
Cepphus columba Pallas 1811 [pigeon guillemot]
Cepphus grylle Linnaeus 1758 [black guillemot]
†Cepphus olsoni Howard 1982
†Cepphus storeri Harrison 1977
G. Fratercula Brisson 1760 [puffin]
+
Fratercula arctica Linnaeus 1758 [Atlantic puffin]
Fratercula cirrhata Pallas 1769 [tufted puffin]
Fratercula corniculata Naumann 1821 [horned puffin]
†Fratercula dowi Guthrie et al. 2000
Subfm. Fraterculinae
+
Unr. Aethiini
+
G. Aethia Merrem 1788 [auklet]
+
†Aethia barnesi Smith 2014
Aethia cristatella Pallas 1769 [crested auklet]
Aethia psittacula Pallas 1769 [parakeet auklet]
Aethia pusilla Pallas 1811 [least auklet]
Aethia pygmaea Gmelin 1789 [whiskered auklet]
†Aethia storeri Smith 2014
Invalid names: Aethia rossmoori Howard 1968 [nomen dubium], Cyclorrhynchus Kaup 1829 [synonym]
G. Ptychoramphus Brandt 1837
+
Ptychoramphus aleuticus Pallas 1811 [Cassin's auklet]
+
Invalid names: Ptychoramphus tenuis Miller and Bowman 1958 [synonym]
Invalid names: Fraterculini Storer 1960 [empty]
Subfm. †Mancallinae Miller 1946
+
Invalid names: Mancalla emlongi Olson 1981 [nomen dubium], Praemancalla Howard 1966 [nomen dubium], Praemancalla lagunensis Howard 1966 [nomen dubium]
G. †Miocepphus Wetmore 1940
+
†Miocepphus blowi Wijnker and Olson 2009
†Miocepphus bohaskai Wijnker and Olson 2009
†Miocepphus mcclungi Wetmore 1940
†Miocepphus mergulellus Wijnker and Olson 2009
Subfm. †Nautilornithinae
+
Invalid names: Aethiinae Verheyen 1958 [empty], Petralcinae Mlikovsky 1987 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
References: Marsh 1875, Bush and Bambach 2015, Benton 1983 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Priabonian to the top of the Holocene or 38.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Collections (312 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Eocene | USA (Utah) | Nautilornis avus, Nautilornis proavitus (123112) | |
Priabonian | USA (Georgia) | Alcidae indet. (45640) | |
Aquitanian | USA (Virginia) | Miocepphus mcclungi (70517) | |
Aquitanian - Langhian | USA (North Carolina) | Miocepphus undescribedspecies, Miocepphus mcclungi (48887) | |
Burdigalian | USA (Virginia) | Miocepphus bohaskai (89549) Miocepphus mcclungi (89448) | |
Langhian | Mexico (Baja California) | Alcidae indet. (52183) | |
Langhian | USA (Maryland) | Miocepphus mcclungi (70823) Pseudocepphus teres (89550) | |
Langhian | USA (Virginia) | Miocepphus mcclungi (28368 66065) | |
Langhian - Serravallian | USA (California) | Alcidae sp., Alca sp., Cerorhinca sp., Praemancalla lagunensis, Aethia rossmoori (121152) Praemancalla lagunensis (46069) | |
Serravallian | Germany (Schleswig–Holstein) | Alcini indet. (124766) | |
Serravallian | USA (Maryland) | Miocepphus bohaskai (89455) Miocepphus mcclungi (70835 71815) | |
Serravallian | USA (Virginia) | Miocepphus mcclungi (45508 55690) Miocepphus sp. (57700) | |
Tortonian | USA (Virginia) | Miocepphus mcclungi (60643) | |
Tortonian | USA (California) | Cepphus sp., Praemancalla sp., Uria sp., Aethia sp., Uria paleohesperis, Cepphus olsoni, Praemancalla wetmorei, Aethia sp. (50069) Cepphus sp., Uria sp., Aethia sp., Fraterculini indet., Praemancalla wetmorei (13300) Praemancalla sp. (52184) Uria brodkorbi, Cerorhinca dubia (45489) | |
Tortonian | USA (Maryland) | Alca torda (70853) | |
Tortonian | USA (Florida) | Australca grandis (122351) | |
Tortonian - Piacenzian | USA (California) | Mancallinae indet., Uria brodkorbi (188305) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | USA (Maryland) | Alca torda (51717) | |
Messinian | USA (California) | Miomancalla howardi (19421 59067) | |
Messinian | Mexico (Baja California) | Mancalla sp. (13090) Synthliboramphus sp., Mancalla cedrosensis, Cerorhinca minor (45458) |