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Alcidae (auk)

Reptilia - Charadriiformes - Alcidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1820Alcidae Leach
1902Alcidae Hay p. 524
1930Alcidae Hay p. 342
1933Alcidae Lambrecht p. 549
1949Alcidae Miller and Howard p. 222
1955Alcidae Brodkorb p. 25
1956Alcidae Wetmore p. 78
1958Alcidae Miller and Bowman p. 13
1960Alcidae Wetmore p. 28
1968Alcidae Howard p. 15
1978Alcidae Howard p. 20
1981Alcidae Olson p. 97
1982Alcidae Howard p. 3
1985Alcidae Olson p. 182
1987Alcidae Howard and Barnes p. 3
1987Alcidae Mlikovsky p. 136
1988Alcidae Carroll
1990Alcidae Chandler p. 137
1992Alcidae Guthrie p. 323
2000Alcidae Martin et al. p. 54
2001Alcidae Olson and Rasmussen p. 267
2005Alcidae Dyke and Walker p. 235
2005Alcidae Mayr p. 318
2007Alcidae Livezey and Zusi p. 92
2007Alcidae Smith et al. p. 1040
2009Alcidae Wijnker and Olson
2011Alcidae Smith p. 7
2011Alcidae Smith and Clarke p. 16
2013Alcidae Smith and Mayr p. 777
2014Alcidae Smith p. 227
2014Alcidae del Hoyo et al.
2016Alcidae Watanabe et al. p. 64
2017Alcidae Clements et al.
2022Alcidae Mayr p. 77 figs. Fig. 5.2

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
RankNameAuthor
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
Maniraptora
Paraves
classAves
orderCharadriiformesHuxley 1867
superfamilyAlcoidae(Stejneger 1885)
familyAlcidaeLeach 1820
familyAlcidaeLeach 1820

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Alcidae Leach 1820 [auk]
show all | hide all
G. Alca Linnaeus 1758 [auk]
+
Alca ausonia Portis 1887
Alca carolinensis Smith and Clarke 2011
Alca grandis Brodkorb 1955
Alca minor Smith and Clarke 2011
Alca olsoni Smith and Clarke 2011
Alca stewarti Martin et al. 2000
Alca torda Linnaeus 1758 [razorbill]
Invalid names: Australca Brodkorb 1955 [synonym], Plautus Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
Subfm. Alcinae Leach 1820
+
G. Alle Link 1806
+
Alle alle Linnaeus 1758 [dovekie]
G. Brachyramphus Brandt 1837
+
Brachyramphus brevirostris Vigors 1829 [Kittlitz's murrelet]
Brachyramphus dunkeli Chandler 1990
Brachyramphus marmoratus Gmelin 1789 [Marbled murrelet]
Brachyramphus perdix Pallas 1811 [Long-billed murrelet]
Brachyramphus pliocenum Howard 1949
G. Cerorhinca Bonaparte 1828
+
Cerorhinca dubia Miller 1925
Cerorhinca minor Howard 1971
Cerorhinca monocerata Pallas 1811 [rhinoceros auklet]
Cerorhinca reai Chandler 1990
G. †Mancalla Lucas 1901
+
Mancalla cedrosensis Howard 1971
Mancalla lucasi Smith 2011
Mancalla vegrandis Smith 2011
Invalid names: Pliolunda Miller 1937 [synonym]
G. †Pinguinus Bonnaterre 1790 [Great auk]
+
Pinguinus impennis Linnaeus 1758 [Great auk]
G. †Pseudocepphus Wijnker and Olson 2009
+
Pseudocepphus teres Wijnker and Olson 2009
G. Synthliboramphus Brandt 1837
+
Synthliboramphus antiquum Gmelin 1789 [Ancient murrelet]
Synthliboramphus antiquus Gmelin 1789 [Ancient murrelet]
Synthliboramphus craveri Salvadori 1865 [Craveri's murrelet]
Synthliboramphus hypoleucus Xantas 1860 [Guadalupe murrelet]
Synthliboramphus rineyi Chandler 1990
Synthliboramphus scrippsi Green and Arnold 1939 [Scripps's murrelet]
Synthliboramphus wumizusume Temminck 1835 [Japanese murrelet]
Invalid names: Endomychura Oberholser 1899 [synonym]
G. Uria Brisson 1760
+
Uria aalge Pontoppidan 1763 [Common murre]
Uria affinis Marsh 1872
Uria antiqua Marsh 1870
Uria brodkorbi Howard 1981
Uria lomvia Linnaeus 1758 [Thick-billed murre]
Uria onoi Watanabe et al. 2016
Uria paleohesperis Howard 1982
Uria troile Lydekker 1891
Invalid names: Alcini Storer 1960 [empty]
G. Cepphus Moehring 1758
+
Cepphus carbo Pallas 1811 [spectacled guillemot]
Cepphus columba Pallas 1811 [pigeon guillemot]
Cepphus grylle Linnaeus 1758 [black guillemot]
Cepphus olsoni Howard 1982
Cepphus storeri Harrison 1977
G. Fratercula Brisson 1760 [puffin]
+
Fratercula arctica Linnaeus 1758 [Atlantic puffin]
Fratercula cirrhata Pallas 1769 [tufted puffin]
Fratercula corniculata Naumann 1821 [horned puffin]
Fratercula dowi Guthrie et al. 2000
+
+
G. Aethia Merrem 1788 [auklet]
+
Aethia barnesi Smith 2014
Aethia cristatella Pallas 1769 [crested auklet]
Aethia psittacula Pallas 1769 [parakeet auklet]
Aethia pusilla Pallas 1811 [least auklet]
Aethia pygmaea Gmelin 1789 [whiskered auklet]
Aethia storeri Smith 2014
Invalid names: Aethia rossmoori Howard 1968 [nomen dubium], Cyclorrhynchus Kaup 1829 [synonym]
G. Ptychoramphus Brandt 1837
+
Ptychoramphus aleuticus Pallas 1811 [Cassin's auklet]
+
Invalid names: Ptychoramphus tenuis Miller and Bowman 1958 [synonym]
Invalid names: Fraterculini Storer 1960 [empty]
Subfm. †Mancallinae Miller 1946
+
G. †Miomancalla Smith 2011
+
Miomancalla howardi Smith 2011
Miomancalla wetmorei Howard 1976
Invalid names: Mancalla emlongi Olson 1981 [nomen dubium], Praemancalla Howard 1966 [nomen dubium], Praemancalla lagunensis Howard 1966 [nomen dubium]
G. †Miocepphus Wetmore 1940
+
Miocepphus blowi Wijnker and Olson 2009
Miocepphus bohaskai Wijnker and Olson 2009
Miocepphus mcclungi Wetmore 1940
Miocepphus mergulellus Wijnker and Olson 2009
+
G. †Nautilornis Wetmore 1926
+
Nautilornis avus Wetmore 1926
Nautilornis proavitus Wetmore 1926
Invalid names: Aethiinae Verheyen 1958 [empty], Petralcinae Mlikovsky 1987 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2017-04-17 10:41:05
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:41:05
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Bush and Bambach 2015, Benton 1983

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Priabonian to the top of the Holocene or 38.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma

Collections (312 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Utah) Nautilornis avus, Nautilornis proavitus (123112)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Georgia) Alcidae indet. (45640)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44USA (Virginia) Miocepphus mcclungi (70517)
Aquitanian - Langhian23.03 - 13.82USA (North Carolina) Miocepphus undescribedspecies, Miocepphus mcclungi (48887)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97USA (Virginia) Miocepphus bohaskai (89549) Miocepphus mcclungi (89448)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Mexico (Baja California) Alcidae indet. (52183)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82USA (Maryland) Miocepphus mcclungi (70823) Pseudocepphus teres (89550)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82USA (Virginia) Miocepphus mcclungi (28368 66065)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62USA (California) Alcidae sp., Alca sp., Cerorhinca sp., Praemancalla lagunensis, Aethia rossmoori (121152) Praemancalla lagunensis (46069)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Germany (Schleswig–Holstein) Alcini indet. (124766)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62USA (Maryland) Miocepphus bohaskai (89455) Miocepphus mcclungi (70835 71815)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62USA (Virginia) Miocepphus mcclungi (45508 55690) Miocepphus sp. (57700)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (Virginia) Miocepphus mcclungi (60643)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (California) Cepphus sp., Praemancalla sp., Uria sp., Aethia sp., Uria paleohesperis, Cepphus olsoni, Praemancalla wetmorei, Aethia sp. (50069) Cepphus sp., Uria sp., Aethia sp., Fraterculini indet., Praemancalla wetmorei (13300) Praemancalla sp. (52184) Uria brodkorbi, Cerorhinca dubia (45489)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (Maryland) Alca torda (70853)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (Florida) Australca grandis (122351)
Tortonian - Piacenzian11.62 - 2.588USA (California) Mancallinae indet., Uria brodkorbi (188305)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333USA (Maryland) Alca torda (51717)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333USA (California) Miomancalla howardi (19421 59067)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Mexico (Baja California) Mancalla sp. (13090) Synthliboramphus sp., Mancalla cedrosensis, Cerorhinca minor (45458)