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Halecomorphi

Taxonomy
Halecomorphi was named by Cope (1872). It is extant.

It was reranked as the suborder Halecomorphi by Hay (1902); it was reranked as the superorder Halecomorphi by Hall and Wolberg (1989); it was reranked as the unranked clade Halecomorphi by Brito (2000), Nelson (2006), Cavin et al. (2007), Alvarado-Ortega and Espinosa-Arrubarrena (2008), Machado et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016) and Carnevale and Godfrey (2018).

It was assigned to Actinopterygia by Cope (1887); to Pisces by Cope (1891); to Holostei by Hay (1902); to Ganoidei by Jordan (1963); to Actinopterygii by Hall and Wolberg (1989) and Brito (2000); to Holostei by Cavin et al. (2007); to Teleostei by Alvarado-Ortega and Espinosa-Arrubarrena (2008); to Neopterygii by Machado et al. (2013); to Holostei by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Halecostomi by Nelson (2006) and Carnevale and Godfrey (2018).

Subtaxa
Cipactlichthys, Ionoscopidae, Ionoscopiformes, Isopholidae, Ophiopsiformes, Ophiopsiidae, Panxianichthyiformes, Parasemionotiformes, Prosantichthys, Sinamiidae
Sister taxa
Ionoscopiformes, Ophiopsiformes, Panxianichthyiformes, Parasemionotiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1872Halecomorphi Cope
1887Halecomorphi Cope p. 1018
1891Halecomorphi Cope p. 1
1902Halecomorphi Hay p. 378
1963Halecomorphi Jordan p. 615
1989Halecomorphi Hall and Wolberg
2000Halecomorphi Brito p. 750
2006Halecomorphi Nelson p. 95
2007Halecomorphi Cavin et al.
2008Halecomorphi Alvarado-Ortega and Espinosa-Arrubarrena
2013Halecomorphi Machado et al.
2016Halecomorphi Nelson et al. p. 124
2018Halecomorphi Carnevale and Godfrey p. 164

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
RankNameAuthor
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
—Actinopterygii()
—HalecostomiRegan 1903
—Halecomorphi(Cope 1872)
—Halecomorphi(Cope 1872)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Halecomorphi Cope 1872
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G. †Cipactlichthys Brito and Alvarado-Ortega 2013
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†Cipactlichthys scutatus Brito and Alvarado-Ortega 2013
Fm. †Ionoscopidae Lehman 1966
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G. †Oshunia Wenz and Kellner 1986
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†Oshunia brevis Wenz and Kellner 1986
G. †Quetzalichthys Alvarado-Ortega and Espinosa-Arrubarrena 2008
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†Quetzalichthys perrilliatae Alvarado-Ortega and Espinosa-Arrubarrena 2008
G. †Spathiurus Davis 1887
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†Spathiurus dorsalis Davis 1887
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Invalid names: Amphilaphurus major Davis 1887 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amphilaphurus Davis 1887 [synonym]
Or. †Ionoscopiformes Grande and Bemis 1998
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G. †Asialepidotus Su 1959
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Invalid names: Guizhouella analilepida Liu 2003 [synonym]
Invalid names: Guizhouella Liu 2003 [synonym], Guizhoueugnathus Liu 2004 [synonym]
Fm. †Furidae Jordan 1923
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G. †Archaeosemionotus Deecke 1889
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Invalid names: Semionotus balsami Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium]
G. †Furo Gistl 1848
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†Furo insignis Kner 1866
†Furo normandica Wenz 1965
†Furo orthostomus Agassiz 1842
Invalid names: Eugnathus Agassiz 1839 [replaced]
Invalid names: Eugnathidae Woodward 1895 [replaced]
G. †Robustichthys Xu et al. 2014
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†Robustichthys luopingensis Xu et al. 2014
G. †Sanctusichthys López-Arbarello et al. 2020
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†Sanctusichthys rieteri López-Arbarello et al. 2020
Fm. †Subortichthyidae Feng et al. 2023
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G. †Allolepidotus Deecke 1889
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†Allolepidotus bellottii Rueppell 1857
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Invalid names: Allolepidotus nothosomoides Deecke 1889 [synonym], Semionotus inermis Bellotti 1857 [synonym]
G. †Eoeugnathus Brough 1939
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†Eoeugnathus megalepis Brough 1939
G. †Sinoeugnathus Su 1959
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G. †Subortichthys Ma and Xu 2017
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†Subortichthys triassicus Ma and Xu 2017
Invalid names: Ophiopsidae Bartram 1975 [empty]
Fm. †Isopholidae Hay 1899
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G. †Isopholis Zittel 1887
Or. †Ophiopsiformes Ebert 2018
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Fm. †Ophiopsiellidae Ebert 2018
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G. †Macrepistius Cope 1894
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†Macrepistius arenatus Cope 1894
G. †Ophiopsiella Lane and Ebert 2015
G. †Petalopteryx Pictet 1850
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†Petalopteryx syriacus Pictet 1850
G. †Placidichthys Brito 2000
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G. †Teoichthys Applegate 1988
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†Teoichthys brevipina Machado et al. 2013
†Teoichthys kallistos Applegate 1988
Fm. †Ophiopsiidae Bartram 1975
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G. †Ophiopsis Agassiz 1834
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†Ophiopsis aequalis Wagner 1863
†Ophiopsis attenuata Wagner 1863
†Ophiopsis bellottii Bassani 1886
†Ophiopsis breviceps Egerton 1852
†Ophiopsis dorsalis Agassiz 1843
†Ophiopsis flesheri Agassiz 1843
†Ophiopsis guigardi Thiollière 1873
†Ophiopsis muensteri Agassiz 1834
†Ophiopsis penicillatus Agassiz 1843
†Ophiopsis procerus Agassiz 1837
†Ophiopsis tenuiserrata Agassiz 1838
Or. †Panxianichthyiformes Sun et al. 2016
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Fm. †Panxianichthyidae Sun et al. 2016
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G. †Panxianichthys Xu and Shen 2015
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†Panxianichthys imparilis Xu and Shen 2015
Or. †Parasemionotiformes Lehmann 1966
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Fm. †Parasemionotidae Stensiö 1932
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G. †Albertonia Gardiner 1966
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†Albertonia cupidinia Lambe 1916
G. †Broughia Stensiö 1932
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†Broughia perleidoides Stensiö 1932
G. †Candelarialepis Romano et al. 2019
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†Candelarialepis argentus Romano et al. 2019
G. †Devillersia Beltan 1968
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G. †Icarealcyon Beltan 1984
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†Icarealcyon malagasium Beltan 1984
G. †Jacobulus Lehman 1952
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†Jacobulus novus Lehman 1952
G. †Jurongia Liu 2002
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†Jurongia fusiformis Liu 2002
G. †Lehmanotus Beltan 1968
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†Lehmanotus markubai Beltan 1968
G. †Ospia Stensiö 1932
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†Ospia whitei Stensiö 1932
G. †Parasemionotus Piveteau 1929
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†Parasemionotus besairiei Lehman et al. 1959
†Parasemionotus villaltai Beltan 1972
G. †Peia Li
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†Peia jurongensis Li 2009
G. †Phaidrosoma Griffith 1977
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†Phaidrosoma lunzensis Griffith 1977
G. †Piveteaunotus Beltan 1968
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†Piveteaunotus ifasiensis Beltan 1968
G. †Qingshania Liu 2002
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†Qingshania cercida Liu 2002
G. †Stensionotus Lehman 1952
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†Stensionotus intercessus Lehman 1952
G. †Suius Liu 2002
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†Suius brevis Liu 2002
G. †Thomasinotus Lehman 1952
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†Thomasinotus divisus Lehman 1952
G. †Watsonulus Brough 1939
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†Watsonulus eugnathoides Piveteau 1935
Invalid names: Watsonia Piveteau 1935 [replaced]
G. †Prosantichthys Arratia and Herzog 2007
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†Prosantichthys buergini Arratia and Herzog 2007
Fm. †Sinamiidae Berg 1940
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G. †Ikechaoamia Liu 1961
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†Ikechaoamia meridionalis Zhang and Zhang 1980
G. †Siamamia Cavin et al. 2007
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†Siamamia naga Cavin et al. 2007
G. †Sinamia
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†Sinamia zdanskyi Stensio 1935
†Sinamiidae naga Cavin et al. 2007
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2009-07-20 21:50:54
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:50:54
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Smithian to the top of the Late/Upper Cenomanian or 251.30000 to 93.50000 Ma

Collections (151 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Griesbachian251.902 - 250.5Greenland Broughia perleididoides (112740) Ospia whitei, Broughia perleidoides (120896)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2China (Jiangsu) Jurongia fusiformis, Qingshania cercida, Suius brevis, Peia jurongensis, Stensionotus dongchangensis (117942)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2China (Anhui) Jurongia fusiformis, Qingshania cercida, Suius brevis (117945)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2Canada (British Columbia) Parasemionotidae indet., Albertonia cupidinia (90301)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2Canada (Alberta) Elonichthys cupidineus (122018)
Olenekian251.2 - 247.2Russian Federation (Volgograd) Watsonulus sp. (27343)
Dienerian250.5 - 251.2China (Guizhou) Watsonulus sp. (229434)
Dienerian250.5 - 251.2Madagascar (Atsimo-Andrefana) Thomasinotus sp., Parasemionotus labordei, Parasemionotus besairiei, Watsonulus eugnathoides (154183)
Dienerian250.5 - 251.2Madagascar Broughia sp., Ospia sp., Watsonulus sp., Watsonia eugnathoides, Thomasinotus divisus, Parasemionotus labordei, Devillersia sp., Devillersia madagascariensis, Icarealcyon malagasium (153683) Icarealcyon malagasium (153677) Jacobulus novus, Thomasinotus divisus, Parasemionotus labordei, Watsonulus eugnathoides (153373) Lehmanotus markubai (153680) Piveteaunotus ifasiensis (153682) Stensionotus intercessus, Jacobulus novus, Parasemionotus labordei, Watsonulus eugnathoides (153378)
Dienerian250.5 - 251.2Madagascar (Diana) Parasemionotus labordei (153773) Watsonulus eugnathoides (117105)
Dienerian250.5 - 251.2India Watsonulus eugnathoides (181396)
Dienerian250.5 - 251.2Canada (Alberta) Albertonia sp. (154190)
Dienerian250.5 - 251.2USA (Nevada) Candelarialepis argentus (203221)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Italy Eoeugnathus megalepis (122150) Semionotus gibbus, Nothosomus bellottii (149323)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0China (Guizhou) Panxianichthys imparilis (88049 158207 184170)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0China (Yunnan) Robustichthys luopingensis (156672) Robustichthys luopingensis, Subortichthys triassicus (156671)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Slovenia Furo sp. (166628)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Spain Allolepidotus nothosomoides (148736) Archaeosemionotus sp., Allolepidotus nothosomoides (148739) Archaeosemionotus sp., Eoeugnathus megalepis (148737) Archaeosemionotus sp., Eoeugnathus megalepis, Allolepidotus nothosomoides (148734 148735) Eoeugnathus megalepis (148738) Eoeugnathus sp. (149853) Eoeugnathus sp., Parasemionotus sp., Parasemionotus villaltai (149852)
Fassanian242.0 - 235.0Switzerland Archaeosemionotus sp. (153375 153376 153377) Eoeugnathus sp. (122066 180495 180510) Prosantichthys buergini, Eoeugnathus megalepis (117530)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0Switzerland Allolepidotus bellottii (148423) Archaeosemionotus sp. (122020)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0Italy Allolepidotus bellottii, Furo trottii (116568) Allolepidotus nothosomoides (153406) Archaeosemionotus connectens (180690) Heterolepidotus egidiivenantii (153405) Semionotus balsami, Eugnathus hermesi, Heterolepidotus taramellii (153401) Semionotus inermis, Semionotus bellottii (153100)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0Italy (Lecco) Allolepidotus nothosomoides, Allolepidotus bellottii, Archaeosemionotus connectens (120901)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0Spain (Tarragona) Parasemionotus sp., Parasemionotus villaltai (109710)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0China (Guizhou) Asialepidotus shingyiensis (192980) Asialepidotus shingyiensis, Xingyia gracilis (146380) Asialepidotus sp., Asialepidotus shingyiensis (98907) Guizhouella analilepida (146379) Sinoeugnathus kueichowensis (135735) Sinoeugnathus kueichowensis, Asialepidotus shingyiensis (98691)
Longobardian242.0 - 235.0China (Yunnan) Asialepidotus shingyiensis (192977 192978 192979) Sinoeugnathus kueichowensis (232212) Sinoeugnathus kueichowensis, Asialepidotus shingyiensis (129640)
Julian235.0 - 232.0Austria Phaidrosoma lunzensis (118111)
Alaunian215.56 - 212.0Austria (Tirol) Pholidophorus dorsalis, Semionotus striatus, Pholidophorus cephalus (130601) Pholidophorus dorsalis, Semionotus striatus, Pholidophorus cephalus, Eugnathus insignis (130602)
Alaunian215.56 - 212.0Italy Pholidophorus cephalus, Eugnathus brachilepis, Notagogus incertus (153108)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Luxembourg Heterolepidotus sp. (67895)
Late/Upper Hettangian201.3 - 196.5France Heterolepidotus angulati (122726)
Planorbis201.3 - 196.5United Kingdom (England) Lepidotus serrulatus (122157) Pholidophorus hastingsiae, Lepidotus serrulatus (122158)
Planorbis201.3 - 196.5United Kingdom Pholidophorus hastingsiae, Lepidotus serrulatus (131892)
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.3 - 190.8United Kingdom Pholidophorus hastingsiae (132035)
Sinemurian199.3 - 190.8United Kingdom (England) Eugnathus orthostomus, Eugnathus philpotae, Eugnathus minor, Heterolepidotus latus (122153) Osteorachis macrocephalus, Eugnathus orthostomus, Eugnathus philpotae, Eugnathus minor, Heterolepidotus latus, Isocolum granulatum, Eulepidotus sauroides (122155) Osteorachis macrocephalus, Eugnathus orthostomus, Eugnathus philpotae, Eugnathus minor, Lissolepis serratus, Eugnathus altus, Heterolepidotus latus, Eulepidotus sauroides (122154)
Bucklandi196.5 - 189.6Italy Furo sp. (90673)
Early/Lower Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom Heterolepidotus grandis (153104)
Raricostatum196.5 - 189.6Portugal Furo orthostomus (127285)
Ibex189.6 - 183.0United Kingdom (Dorset) Heterolepidotus latus (159158)
Spinatum189.6 - 183.0France (Ardennes) Eugnathidae indet. (149428)
Early/Lower Toarcian183.0 - 182.0France Furo normandica (122732)
Laeviuscula171.6 - 167.7France Halecomorphi indet. (179497)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) Sinamiidae indet. (61891)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1Morocco (Figuig) Ionoscopiformes indet. (176120 176122 176123)
Bathonian168.3 - 166.1United Kingdom (England) Pholidophorus flesherii (131982)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1France Ophiopsis attenuata (131960)
Kimmeridgian157.3 - 152.1Germany Ophiopsis attenuata, Ophiopsis tenuiserrata (131961)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Ophiopsis sp. (12816 39431)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Germany (Eastern Barvaria) Ophiopsis muensteri (187436)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Germany (Bavaria) Callopterus sp. (132944)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Furo aldingeri, Furo microlepidotus, Furo praelongus, Furo sp., Ophiopsis procera (154138) Sanctusichthys rieteri (216697)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Ophiopsis sp. (39426 39427)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Ophiopsis sp., Eugnathus sp., Ophiopsidae indet. (35262)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0Poland Halecomorphi indet. (216435)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0France (Poitou-Charentes) Ionoscopiformes indet. (164377)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0Germany Ophiopsis procera, Ophiopsis aequalis (121197)
Late/Upper Berriasian145.0 - 140.2Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Callopterus sp. (45760)
Berriasian145.0 - 139.8United Kingdom (England) Ophiopsis breviceps (131980) Ophiopsis penicillata, Ophiopsis dorsalis (131852)
Berriasian145.0 - 139.8France (Poitou-Charentes) Ionoscopiformes indet. (142093)
Berriasian - Valanginian145.0 - 132.9China (Shandong) Sinamia zdanskyi (47070)
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5Japan (Fukui) Sinamia sp. (207793)
Late/Upper Valanginian140.2 - 136.4United Kingdom (England) Neorhombolepis sp. (96621)
Valanginian - Early/Lower Hauterivian139.8 - 130.0China (Nei Mongol) Sinamia sp. (46931)
Late/Upper Hauterivian - Aptian136.4 - 113.0Japan (Gifu) Sinamia sp. (50310)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Thailand (Sakhan Nakhan) Sinamiidae indet., Siamamia naga, Amiidae indet. (79489)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Thailand (Sakon Nakhon) Siamamia sp. (204916)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Thailand (Changwat) Siamamia sp. (201767)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian130.0 - 122.46China (Liaoning) Sinamia sp. (50469 67611)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Japan (Ishikawa) Sinamia sp. (32324 50357 50359)
Barremian129.4 - 125.0Japan (Fukui) Sinamia sp. (207791 219134)
Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian129.4 - 122.46Belgium (Sauerland) Callopterus insignis, Ophiopsis dorsalis, Ophiopsis sp. (22645)
Barremian - Aptian129.4 - 113.0Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) Sinamiidae indet. (53148)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0China (Heilongjiang) Sinamia sp. (144917)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0China (Jilin) Sinamia sp. (197339)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Russian Federation (Kemerovo) Sinamiidae indet. (39680)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5Thailand (Ubon Ratchathani) Sinamiidae indet. (52346)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Brazil (Pernambuco) Oshunia brevis (193050)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Brazil (Ceará) Oshunia brevis (92290) Placidichthys bidorsalis (124310)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0USA (Texas) Macrepistius sp., Ophiopsis sp. (14408)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian122.46 - 109.0Brazil (Pernacumbo) Oshunia brevis (165422)
Albian113.0 - 100.5USA (Texas) Macrepistius sp. (14390 14411 27604 27606 27613)
Early/Lower Albian112.03 - 109.0USA (Texas) Macrepistius sp. (11298 99146)
Early/Lower Albian - Middle Albian112.03 - 105.3Kyrgyzstan (Osh) Furo sp. (92400)
Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian109.0 - 99.6Mexico (Puebla) Teoichthys kallistos (138747)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Mexico (Puebla) Quetzalichthys perrilliatae (133991 134809) Teoichthys brevipina, Cipactlichthys scutatus (80283) Teoichthys kallistos (136733)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Spain (Asturias) Ionoscopiformes indet. (98396)
Late/Upper Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Lebanon Petalopteryx syriacus (221080 221186) Spathiurus dorsalis (221655) Spathiurus dorsalis, Amphilaphurus major (216596)