| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Pythonomorpha
Taxonomy
Pythonomorpha was named by Cope (1869). It was considered monophyletic by Lee and Caldwell (2000).
It was reranked as the suborder Pythonomorpha by Zittel (1890), Woodward (1898), Hay (1902) and Swinton (1934); it was reranked as the subclass Pythonomorpha by Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); it was synonymized subjectively with Mosasauri by Jaekel (1910); it was synonymized subjectively with Mosasauri by Jaekel (1911); it was synonymized subjectively with Mosasauriformes by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the unranked clade Pythonomorpha by Huene (1954), Comaschi Caria (1957), Lee et al. (1999), Lee and Caldwell (2000), Houssaye et al. (2013) and Caldwell et al. (2021).
It was assigned to Lepidosauria by Zittel (1890); to Reptilia by Cope (1869), Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); to Squamata by Woodward (1898), Hay (1902) and Swinton (1934); to Lacertilia by Huene (1954); to Varanoidea by Comaschi Caria (1957), Lee and Caldwell (2000) and Houssaye et al. (2013); and to Squamata by Lee et al. (1999) and Caldwell et al. (2021).
It was reranked as the suborder Pythonomorpha by Zittel (1890), Woodward (1898), Hay (1902) and Swinton (1934); it was reranked as the subclass Pythonomorpha by Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); it was synonymized subjectively with Mosasauri by Jaekel (1910); it was synonymized subjectively with Mosasauri by Jaekel (1911); it was synonymized subjectively with Mosasauriformes by Hay (1930); it was reranked as the unranked clade Pythonomorpha by Huene (1954), Comaschi Caria (1957), Lee et al. (1999), Lee and Caldwell (2000), Houssaye et al. (2013) and Caldwell et al. (2021).
It was assigned to Lepidosauria by Zittel (1890); to Reptilia by Cope (1869), Cope (1871), Cope (1875), Gadow (1898) and Perrier (1928); to Squamata by Woodward (1898), Hay (1902) and Swinton (1934); to Lacertilia by Huene (1954); to Varanoidea by Comaschi Caria (1957), Lee and Caldwell (2000) and Houssaye et al. (2013); and to Squamata by Lee et al. (1999) and Caldwell et al. (2021).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1869 | Pythonomorpha Cope p. 251 |
| 1871 | Pythonomorpha Cope p. 237 |
| 1875 | Pythonomorpha Cope p. 20 |
| 1890 | Pythonomorpha Zittel p. 450 |
| 1898 | Pythonomorpha Gadow p. 24 |
| 1898 | Pythonomorpha Woodward p. 141 |
| 1902 | Pythonomorpha Hay p. 464 |
| 1928 | Pythonomorpha Perrier p. 3118 |
| 1934 | Pythonomorpha Swinton p. 18 |
| 1954 | Pythonomorpha Huene p. 62 |
| 1957 | Pythonomorpha Comaschi Caria p. 41 |
| 1999 | Pythonomorpha Lee et al. p. 510 |
| 2000 | Pythonomorpha Lee and Caldwell |
| 2013 | Pythonomorpha Houssaye et al. |
| 2021 | Pythonomorpha Caldwell et al. p. 896 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Pythonomorpha Cope 1869
show all | hide all
Unr. †Dolichosauridae Gervais 1852
hide
G. †Adriosaurus Seeley 1881
+
†Adriosaurus microbrachis Palci and Caldwell 2007
†Adriosaurus skrbinensis Caldwell and Palci 2010
†Adriosaurus suessi Seeley 1881
+
Invalid names: Acteosaurus crassicostatus Calligaris 1993 [synonym]
G. †Coniasaurus Owen 1850
+
†Coniasaurus crassidens Owen 1850
†Coniasaurus gracilodens Caldwell 1999
G. †Pontosaurus Kramberger 1892
+
†Pontosaurus kornhuberi Caldwell 2006
†Pontosaurus lesinensis Kornhuber 1873
Invalid names: Dolichosauri Boulenger 1893 [empty]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| E. Perrier 1928 | Cou et corps très allongés, avec des membres pentadactyles en forme de palettes; os carré mobile; un seul arc temporal latéral; dents soudées aux mâchoires. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Aptian to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 122.46000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (37 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Ceara) | Tetrapodophis amplectus (77891) | |
| Cenomanian | USA (Texas) | Coniasaurus crassidens (102475) | |
| Cenomanian | Bosnia and Herzegovina (Herzegovina) | Pachyophis woodwardi (53519) | |
| Cenomanian | United Kingdom (England) | Coniasaurus crassidens (118448 118449) | |
| Cenomanian - Turonian | United Kingdom (England) | Dolichosaurus longicollis (92426) Dolichosaurus sp. (92427) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | Dolichosauridae indet. (77231) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | United Kingdom (England) | Coniasaurus gracilodens (118335) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian - Middle Cenomanian | Lebanon (Kesrouâne) | Aphanizocnemus libanensis, Dolichosauridae indet. (60285) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian - Middle Cenomanian | United Kingdom (England) | Coniasaurus crassidens (118407) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Slovenia | Acteosaurus tommasinii (123569) Adriosaurus skrbinensis (96678) Adriosaurus sp., Adriosaurus microbrachis, Adriosaurus suessi (87055) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Spain (Asturias) | Dolichosauridae indet. (98396) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | USA (Texas) | Coniasaurus sp. (102474) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Croatia | Dolichosauridae indet., Hydrosaurus lesinensis (123565) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | United Kingdom (England) | Coniasaurus crassidens (118408) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | USA (Colorado) | Coniasaurus crassidens (132505) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Coniasaurus crassidens (22731) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | USA (Kansas) | Coniasaurus crassidens (94538) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | USA (Colorado) | Coniasaurus crassidens (35429 213403) | |
| Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian | United Kingdom (England) | Coniasaurus crassidens (118409) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian - Turonian | Kazakhstan | Dolichosauridae indet. (210282) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian | Slovenia | Acteosaurus crassicostatus (123579) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian | Australia (Queensland) | Dolichosauridae indet. (62553) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian | USA (Kansas) | Coniasaurus crassidens (213385) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian | United Kingdom (England) | Coniasaurus crassidens (118452) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian | France (Touraine) | Pythonomorpha indet. (123554) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (Nebraska) | Coniasaurus sp. (213389) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (Kansas) | Coniasaurus crassidens (115647 213390) | |
| Middle Turonian | France (Touraine) | Dolichosauridae indet. (123557) | |
| Middle Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Coniasaurus sp. (103989) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Spain (Castilla-La Mancha) | Pythonomorpha indet. (139619) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Italy (Puglia) | Primitivus manduriensis (91385) |