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Palaeoloxodon creutzburgi

Mammalia - Proboscidea - Elephantidae

Taxonomy
Loxodonta creutzburgi was named by Kuss (1965). Its type specimen is Geological-Paleontological InstituteBurg / Br., No. 22/1963, a tooth (Inferior Molar), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Kalo Chorafi, which is in a Pleistocene cave claystone in Greece.

It was recombined as Elephas creutzburgi by Palombo (2001); it was recombined as Elephas antiquus creutzburgi by Poulakakis et al. (2002); it was recombined as Palaeoloxodon creutzburgi by Athanassiou et al. (2018) and Athanassiou et al. (2019).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1965Loxodonta creutzburgi Kuss
2000Elephas chaniensis Symeonides et al.
2000Elephas chaniensis Symeonidis et al. p. 105
2001Elephas creutzburgi Palombo p. 488
2002Elephas antiquus creutzburgi Poulakakis et al.
2018Palaeoloxodon creutzburgi Athanassiou et al.
2019Palaeoloxodon creutzburgi Athanassiou et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
AfrotheriaStanhope et al. 1998
Tethytheria
orderProboscidea()
suborderElephantiformesTassy 1988
superfamilyElephantoidea
familyElephantidae
subfamilyElephantinaeGray 1821
tribeElephantiniGray 1821
genusPalaeoloxodon
speciescreutzburgi()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Invalid names: Elephas chaniensis Symeonidis et al. 2000 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
N. Poulakakis et al. 2002The distinction of Elephas antiquus ssp. in Greece is based on the relative size of the individuals of each subspecies. It is clear that the Cretan subspecies (E. a. creutzburgi) is significantly larger than the subspecies of Tilos Island (E. a. falconeri) (Symeonidis and Theodorou, 1982) which is ‘about 20%’ smaller than the subspecies of continental Greece, E. a. antiquus (Symeonidis et al., 2000). E. a. creutzburgi has robust bones with a height relatively smaller than expected according to the bones’ width (Symeonidis et al., 2000).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-22 20:09:03
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Middle Pleistocene to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 0.78100 to 0.01170 Ma

Collections (9 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.588 - 0.126Greece (Crete) Elephas antiquus (204086)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Greece (Crete) Elephas creutzburgi (94325)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Greece (Crete) Elephas antiquus (204188) Loxodonta creutzburgi (182811 type locality: 204189) Palaeoloxodon creutzburgi (204040)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.781 - 0.0117Greece (Crete) Loxodonta creutzburgi (204299)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Greece (Crete) Elephas chaniensis (204294) Palaeoloxodon creutzburgi (183124)