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Spinosaurus

Reptilia - Spinosauridae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1915Spinosaurus Stromer p. 28 figs. Pl. 1-2
1923Spinosaurus Huene p. 456 fig. 3
1926Spinosaurus Huene p. 89
1927Spinosaurus Huene p. 266
1928Spinosaurus Nopcsa p. 184
1934Spinosaurus Stromer p. 23
1939Spinosaurus Kuhn p. 77
1956Spinosaurus Romer p. 616
1964Spinosaurus Tatarinov p. 538
1964Spinosaurus Walker p. 116
1966Spinosaurus Romer p. 369
1967Spinosaurus Charig p. 714
1968Spinosaurus Maleev p. 95
1970Spinosaurus Steel p. 38
1970Spinosaurus Swinton p. 143
1980Spinosaurus Molnar p. 137
1984Spinosaurus Taquet p. 81
1986Spinosaurus Bonaparte p. 74
1986Spinosaurus Chabli p. 71
1988Spinosaurus Bouaziz et al. p. 336
1988Spinosaurus Carroll
1988Spinosaurus Paul p. 273
1989Spinosaurus Buffetaut p. 81
1989Spinosaurus Kurzanov p. 4
1990Spinosaurus Molnar et al. p. 192
1992Spinosaurus Molnar p. 266
1994Spinosaurus Sereno et al. p. 270
1996Spinosaurus Kellner p. 614
1996Spinosaurus Kellner and Campos p. 162
1996Spinosaurus Russell p. 355
1997Spinosaurus Milner p. 699
1997Spinosaurus Sereno p. 456
1998Spinosaurus Sereno p. 64
1998Spinosaurus Sereno et al. p. 1302
1998Spinosaurus Taquet and Russell p. 348
2002Spinosaurus Buffetaut and Ouaja p. 419
2002Spinosaurus Sues et al. p. 543
2003Spinosaurus Rauhut p. 34
2004Spinosaurus Holtz, Jr. et al. p. 73
2005Spinosaurus Dal Sasso et al. p. 888
2006Spinosaurus Candeiro et al. p. 936
2006Spinosaurus Medeiros p. 335
2007Spinosaurus Naish and Martill p. 502
2007Spinosaurus Sánchez-Hernández et al. p. 190
2009Spinosaurus Ezcurra p. 1341
2010Spinosaurus Buffetaut p. 175
2010Spinosaurus Lü et al. p. 386
2010Spinosaurus Taquet p. 92
2011Oxalaia Kellner et al. p. 100
2011Spinosaurus Kellner et al. p. 105
2011Spinosaurus Mateus et al. p. 54
2012Oxalaia Candeiro et al. p. 223
2012Spinosaurus Carrano et al. p. 248 fig. 7
2014Spinosaurus Hendrickx and Mateus
2014Spinosaurus Ibrahim et al. p. S8
2016Spinosaurus Hendrickx et al. p. 12
2019Oxalaia Arden et al. p. 279–280
2019Spinosaurus Arden et al. p. 279–280
2020Oxalaia Malafaia et al. p. 432
2020Spinosaurus Malafaia et al. p. 432
2021Spinosaurus Barker et al. p. 8

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
RankNameAuthor
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
Neotheropoda
AverostraPaul 2002
Tetanurae
superfamilyMegalosauroidea()
familySpinosauridae
subfamilySpinosaurinae
genusSpinosaurus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Spinosaurus Stromer 1915
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Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer 1915
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Invalid names: Oxalaia quilombensis Kellner et al. 2011 [synonym], Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis Russell 1996 [synonym], Spinosaurus marrocanus Russell 1996 [synonym]
Invalid names: Oxalaia Kellner et al. 2011 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
A. W. A. Kellner et al. 2011 (Oxalaia)As for the type and only species.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yesg
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Maximum body mass: 3000 kgg
Minimum body mass: 1000 kgg
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoreo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2005-08-24 13:15:17
Modified: 2005-08-24 15:15:17
Source: g = genus, o = order
References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Albian to the top of the Middle Campanian or 112.03000 to 70.60000 Ma

Collections (34 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Cretaceous145.0 - 100.5Kenya S. sp. (135809)
Barremian - Albian129.4 - 100.5Tunisia (Medinine) Plesiosaurus sp. (166013)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian122.46 - 109.0Tunisia (Tataouine) Spinosauridae indet. (125935)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian122.46 - 109.0Tunisia (Médenine) S. sp., Spinosauridae indet. (67203)
Albian113.0 - 100.5Tunisia (Tataouine) S. sp. (116297)
Early/Lower Albian - Late/Upper Cenomanian112.03 - 93.5Algeria (Illizi) S. aegyptiacus (25191)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian105.3 - 93.5Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) S. aegyptiacus (205828) S. aegyptiacus, Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis (229406) S. marrocanus, Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis, Theropoda indet. G, Sigilmassasaurus sp. (52887)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian105.3 - 93.5Algeria (Adrar) S. marrocanus (59578)
Late/Upper Albian - Early/Lower Cenomanian105.3 - 93.5Morocco (Errachidia) S. sp. (230106)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Brazil (Maranhão) S. sp. (56365)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Algeria (Béchar) S. aegyptiacus (224512 224513)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Algeria (Illizi) S. sp. (227231)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Niger (Agadez) Spinosauridae indet., Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis (58577)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt (Matruh) S. aegyptiacus (25127 49330) S. sp. B (51748)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Niger (Zinder) S. sp. (228906)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Morocco (Drâa-Tafilalet) S. aegyptiacus (58519 60002) S. aegyptiacus, Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis (25325 123828) S. sp. (96223 115155 144705 155212 163916 163917 163918)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Egypt (Al Jizah) S. B (51751)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6Egypt (Al Wadi al Jadid) S. sp. (54083 97761)