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Rhamphorhynchidae
Taxonomy
Rhamphorhynchidae was named by Seeley (1870). It was considered monophyletic by Unwin (2003).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Rhamphorhynchidae by Unwin (2003).
It was assigned to Pterosauria by Zittel (1890) and Bakker (1986); to Rhamphorhynchoidea by Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946), Delair (1958), Young (1964), Kuhn (1966), Charig (1967), Galton (1981), Carroll (1988), Chure et al. (2006) and Wang and Zhou (2006); and to Breviquartossa by Unwin (2003), Andres et al. (2010) and O'Sullivan and Martill (2018).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Rhamphorhynchidae by Unwin (2003).
It was assigned to Pterosauria by Zittel (1890) and Bakker (1986); to Rhamphorhynchoidea by Roxo (1937), Kuhn (1946), Delair (1958), Young (1964), Kuhn (1966), Charig (1967), Galton (1981), Carroll (1988), Chure et al. (2006) and Wang and Zhou (2006); and to Breviquartossa by Unwin (2003), Andres et al. (2010) and O'Sullivan and Martill (2018).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1870 | Rhamphorhynchidae Seeley |
1890 | Rhamphorhynchidae Zittel p. 793 |
1937 | Rhamphorhynchidae Roxo p. 65 |
1946 | Rhamphorhynchidae Kuhn p. 67 |
1958 | Rhamphorhynchidae Delair p. 69 |
1964 | Rhamphorhynchidae Young p. 251 |
1966 | Rhamphorhynchidae Kuhn p. 109 |
1967 | Rhamphorhynchidae Charig p. 717 |
1981 | Rhamphorhynchidae Galton p. 1117 |
1986 | Rhamphorhynchidae Bakker p. 460 |
1988 | Rhamphorhynchidae Carroll |
2003 | Rhamphorhynchidae Unwin p. 156 |
2006 | Rhamphorhynchidae Chure et al. p. 236 |
2006 | Rhamphorhynchidae Wang and Zhou p. 406 |
2010 | Rhamphorhynchidae Andres et al. fig. 7 |
2018 | Rhamphorhynchidae O'Sullivan and Martill |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Rhamphorhynchidae Seeley 1870
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G. †Campylognathus Plieninger 1894
G. †Dendrorhynchus Ji and Ji 1998
G. †Odontorhynchus Stolley 1936
Subfm. †Rhamphorhynchinae Nopcsa 1928
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Tr. †Angustinaripterini He et al. 1983
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G. †Dorygnathus Wagner 1860
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†Dorygnathus banthensis Theodori 1831
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Invalid names: Dorygnathus mistelgauensis Wild 1971 [synonym]
G. †Rhamphocephalus Seeley 1880
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†Rhamphocephalus bucklandi Meyer 1832
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Invalid names: Pterodactylus aclandi Owen 1874 [synonym], Pterodactylus duncani Owen 1874 [synonym], Pterodactylus kiddi Owen 1874 [synonym]
†Rhamphocephalus depressirostris Huxley 1859
Invalid names: Dolichorhamphus Seeley 1885 [synonym], Rhamphocephalus prestwichi Seeley 1880 [nomen dubium]
G. †Rhamphorhynchus Meyer 1847
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†Rhamphorhynchus curtimanus Wagner 1857
†Rhamphorhynchus etchesi O'Sullivan and Martill 2015
†Rhamphorhynchus hirundinaceus Wagner 1857
†Rhamphorhynchus longimanus Wagner 1858
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Invalid names: Rhamphorhynchus suevicus Fraas 1855 [synonym]
†Rhamphorhynchus muensteri Goldfuss 1831
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Invalid names: Odontorhynchus aculeatus Stolley 1936 [synonym], Rhamphorhynchus gemmingi Meyer 1846 [synonym], Rhamphorhynchus intermedius Koh 1937 [synonym], Rhamphorhynchus longicaudus Münster 1839 [synonym], Rhamphorhynchus longiceps Woodward 1902 [synonym], Rhamphorhynchus phyllurus Marsh 1882 [synonym]
Invalid names: Rhamphorhynchus tendagurensis Reck 1931 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. †Scaphognathinae Hooley
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G. †Scaphognathus Wagner 1861
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†Scaphognathus crassirostris Goldfuss 1831
†Scaphognathus robustus Cheng 2012
Invalid names: Brachytrachelus Giebel 1852 [synonym], Pachyrhamphus Fitzinger 1843 [synonym]
Invalid names: Angustinaripterinae He et al. 1983 [empty]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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K. A. v. Zittel 1890 | Schwanz lang, steif, von verknöcherten Sehnen umhüllt. Schädel massig verlängert, mit seitlichen und oberen Schläfenlöchern. Zähne nach hinten an Stärke abnehmend, die vorderen lang, schlank und gekrümmt. Nasenlöcher klein oder massig gross durch eine Scheidewand von der Praeorbitalöffnung getrennt. Halswirbel wenig länger als hoch. Scapula und Coracoid häufig verschmolzen. Schambein schmal, schlank, in der Symphyse fest verbunden. Metacarpalia kürzer als die halbe Länge des Vorderarms. Fünfte Zehe des Hinterfusses wohl entwickelt. | |
D. M. Unwin 2003 | Sordes pilosus, Rhamphorhynchus muensteri, their most recent common ancestor, and all its descendants |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Padian 1985, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 |
Age range: base of the Hettangian to the top of the Early/Lower Berriasian or 201.30000 to 140.20000 Ma
Collections (96 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Hettangian - Sinemurian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (46118 46137) | |
Early/Lower Toarcian | Germany (Bayern) | Dorygnathus banthensis (91558 91562 91563 91565) Dorygnathus mistelgauensis (28506) | |
Early/Lower Toarcian | France (Lorraine) | Dorygnathus banthensis (68316) | |
Early/Lower Toarcian | France (Champagne-Ardenne) | Dorygnathus sp. (96060) | |
Early/Lower Toarcian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | Dorygnathus banthensis (91564 91704 91705) | |
Early/Lower Toarcian | Germany (Baden-Württenburg) | Dorygnathus banthensis (91559 91560 91561 91587 91588 91589 91592 91593 91594 91595 91596 91597 91598 91599 91600 91659 91663 91664 91667 91668 91671 91672 91673 91690 91691) Dorygnathus sp. (91692) | |
Falciferum | Germany (Baden-Württenburg) | Dorygnathus banthensis (91658) | |
Bajocian - Oxfordian | China (Sichuan) | Angustinaripterus longicephalus (24883) | |
Bathonian | United Kingdom (Oxfordshire) | Klobiodon rochei (153647) | |
Bathonian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) | Pterodactyloidea indet. (61891) | |
Bathonian | Morocco (Figuig) | Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (176120) | |
Early/Lower Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Rhamphorhynchoidea indet. (31054) Rhamphorhynchus depressirostris (52546) | |
Late/Upper Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Rhamphocephalus sp. (91989) Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (57124) | |
Middle Bathonian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Dearc sgiathanach (61381) | |
Middle Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Pterodactylus bucklandi, Pterodactylus kiddi, Pterodactylus duncani, Pterodactylus aclandi (59357) Rhamphocephalus sp. (57120 57140) | |
Late/Upper Bathonian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | China (Liaoning) | Jianchangopterus zhaoianus, Scaphognathus robustus (92421) | |
Late/Upper Bathonian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | China (Hebei) | Qinglongopterus guoi (91265) | |
Callovian | Kyrgyzstan (Jalal-Abad) | Pterosauria indet. (37596) | |
Early/Lower Callovian | China (Nei Mongol) | Pterorhynchus wellnhoferi (27891) | |
Late/Upper Callovian | United Kingdom (England) | Rhamphorhynchus bucklandi (92052) | |
Late/Upper Callovian | France (Basse-Normandie) | Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (92054) | |
Middle Callovian | United Kingdom (England) | Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (92050) Rhamphorhynchus sp. (109800) | |
Oxfordian | Kazakhstan (Ongtüstik Qazaqstan) | Sordes pilosus (92136) | |
Oxfordian | United Kingdom (England) | Rhamphorhynchus bucklandi (100669) | |
Oxfordian | China (Xinjiang) | Sericipterus wucaiwanensis (93870) | |
Late/Upper Oxfordian | Cuba (Pinar del Rio) | Nesodactylus hesperius (90871) | |
Middle Oxfordian | Portugal (Leiria) | Rhamphorhynchus sp. (69698) | |
Middle Oxfordian - Late/Upper Oxfordian | Cuba (Pinar del Rio) | Cacibupteryx caribensis (90872) | |
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian | China (Xinjiang) | Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (47056) | |
Kimmeridgian | Portugal (Leiria) | Rhamphorhynchus sp. (24563) | |
Kimmeridgian | Germany | Rhamphorhynchus sp. (117200) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Portugal (Lourinha) | Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (154213) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Switzerland (Jura) | Rhamphorhynchinae indet. (90874) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Bayern) | Rhamphorhynchus longicaudus (57682) Rhamphorhynchus sp. (59175) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) | Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (94534) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Eastern Barvaria) | Bellubrunnus rothgaengeri (130288) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Rhamphorhynchus muensteri, Rhamphorhynchus longiceps (154138) Rhamphorhynchus sp., Rhamphorhynchus muensteri, Rhamphorhynchus longiceps (41817) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | Portugal (Centro) | Pterosauria indet. (38680) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian | Portugal (Lisboa) | Pterosauria indet. (163145) | |
Tithonian | United Kingdom (England) | Rhamphorhynchus etchesi (178843) | |
Tithonian | Germany (Bavaria) | Scaphognathus crassirostris (154723) | |
Tithonian | Tanzania (Lindi) | Rhamphorhynchus tendagurensis (89996) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (164377) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany | Rhamphorhynchus muensteri (212956) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany (Bavaria) | Pterodactylus longicaudus (29012) Rhamphorhynchus longicaudus (58604 139876) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) | Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (94535) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany (Bayern) | Pterodactylus longicaudus (117534 123906 139551) Rhamphorhynchus longicaudus (53034 212958) Rhamphorhynchus sp., Rhamphorhynchus muensteri, Rhamphorhynchus gemmingi, Rhamphorhynchus longicaudus, Pterodactylus crassirostris, Rhamphorhynchus longiceps (84365) | |
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian | Morocco (Figuig) | Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (204990) | |
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian | Morocco (Oriental) | Rhamphorhynchidae indet. (45726) | |
Berriasian | China (Liaoning) | Orientognathus chaoyangensis (165439) |