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Heterostropha

Gastropoda - Heterostropha

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1840Heterobranchia Gray
1885Heterostropha Fischer
1988Heterobranchia Ponder and Warén p. 289
1998Heterobranchia Saul and Squires p. 472
1998Heterostropha Saul and Squires p. 472
1999Heterobranchia Squires p. 21
1999Heterostropha Squires p. 21
2003Heterostropha Squires and Saul p. 158
2016Heterobranchia Nützel and Ketwetsuriya p. 508
2017Heterobranchia Bouchet et al. p. 338
2017Heterobranchia Cataldo p. 431

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
RankNameAuthor
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classGastropoda
orderHeterostropha()
orderHeterostropha()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Heterostropha Fischer 1885
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Or. Allogastropoda Haszprunar 1985
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G. †Heterodiscohelix Bandel 2010
G. †Levihelix Gründel 2000
Superfm. Mathildoidea Dall 1889
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Fm. †Anoptychiidae Bandel 1995
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G. †Anoptychia Koken 1892
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Anoptychia hastata Szabo 1983
Anoptychia oregonensis Nützel et al. 2003
Anoptychia turgida Stoliczka 1861
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Invalid names: Turritella jaegeri Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Turritella reflexa Münster 1841 [synonym], Turritella supraplecta Münster 1841 [synonym]
Fm. †Gordenellidae Gründel 2000
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G. †Buttenheimia Nützel and Gründel 2015
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Buttenheimia dietzi Nützel and Gründel 2015
G. †Camponella Bandel 1995
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Camponella pianozesis Zardini 1985
G. Gordenella Gründel 1990
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Gordenella fahrenkohli Rouillier 1848
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Invalid names: Promathildia bigoti Cossmann 1913 [synonym], Turritella complanata Brosamlen 1909 [synonym], Turritella divisa Ilovaisky 1904 [synonym], Turritella sauvagei Buvignier 1852 [synonym]
Gordenella krantzi Rouillier 1848
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Invalid names: Turritella bicostata Ilovaisky 1904 [synonym], Turritella praecursor Andreae 1887 [synonym]
Gordenella kunceviense Gerasimov 1992
Gordenella pommeranum Schmidt 1905
Gordenella schlumbergi Eudes-Desclongchamps 1866
Gordenella wehrlandia Grundel 2000
G. †Proacirsa
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Subg. †Proacirsa (Schafbergia) Gatto and Monari 2010
Proacirsa bigoti Cossmann 1913
Proacirsa dilatata Laube 1867
Proacirsa inornata Terquem and Jourdy 1871
Proacirsa januale Trautschold 1860
Proacirsa laevigata Eudes-Desclongchamps 1843
Proacirsa lahuseni Gerasimov 1962
Proacirsa nuda Munster 1844
Proacirsa semiornatum Greppin 1888
Proacirsa similis Moore 1867
Proacirsa struvii Lahusen 1883
Proacirsa zlotniki Kaim 2004
G. †Promathildia Andreae 1887
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Subg. †Promathilda (Promathilda) Andreae 1887
Promathilda spirocostata Batten and Stokes 1986
Promathildia amoenum Eudes-Desclongchamps 1843
Promathildia antonii Kittl 1894
Promathildia bolina Münster 1841
Promathildia collenoti Martin 1862
Promathildia colon Münster 1841
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Invalid names: Turritella quadrangulata Klipstein 1843 [synonym]
Promathildia confluens Kittl 1900
Promathildia contraria Böhm 1895
Promathildia crenata Münster 1841
Promathildia decorata Klipstein 1843
Promathildia demonensis Gemmellaro 1911
Promathildia doncieuxi Cossmann 1913
Promathildia dunkeri Terquem 1855
Promathildia eucycla Hebert and Eudes-Deslongchamps 1860
Promathildia evanescens Stoppani 1858
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Invalid names: Nerinea neglecta Stoppani 1858 [synonym]
Promathildia gracilis Chavanne 1912
Promathildia hornigi Kittl 1900
Promathildia hungarica Kittl 1900
Promathildia janeti Cossmann 1885
Promathildia margaritifera Münster 1841
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Invalid names: Cerithium brandis Klipstein 1843 [synonym]
Promathildia orthocosta Schröder 1995
Promathildia perarmata Münster 1841
Promathildia permiana Kittl 1903
Promathildia pulchella Laube 1869
Promathildia pygmaea Münster 1841
Promathildia rudis Kittl 1894
Promathildia sculpta Kittl 1894
Promathildia subcancellata Münster 1841
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Invalid names: Cerithium fenestratum Laube 1869 [synonym], Cerithium quadrangulatum Klipstein 1843 [synonym]
Promathildia subnodosa Münster 1841
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Invalid names: Cerithium alberti Wissmann 1841 [synonym], Turritella binodosa Münster 1841 [synonym]
Promathildia subornata Münster 1841
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Invalid names: Turritella amalthea Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Turritella cylindrica Münster 1841 [synonym]
Promathildia subulatissima Hebert and Eudes-Deslongchamps 1860
Promathildia timorensis Krumbeck 1924
Promathildia trochleata Münster 1841
Promathildia tyrsoecus Kittl 1894
Promathildia winkleri Kittl 1894
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Invalid names: Turbo trochleatus Münster 1841 [replaced]
Promathildia ziczac Eudes-Desclongchamps 1843
Invalid names: Clathrobaculus [synonym]
G. †Schafbergia Gatto and Monari 2010
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Schafbergia crenata Stoliczka 1861
G. †Turritelloidea Walther 1951
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Turritelloidea abbas Hudleston 1892
Turritelloidea anomala Moore 1867
Turritelloidea decipiens Hebert and Eudes-Deslongchamps 1860
Turritelloidea minuta Koch and Dunker 1837
Turritelloidea opalina Quenstedt 1852
Turritelloidea solitaria Wilckens 1922
Turritelloidea strangulata Hudleston 1892
Turritelloidea zenkeni Dunker 1846
Invalid names: Costacolpus Marwick 1966 [synonym], Turrithilda Schröder 1995 [synonym]
Fm. Mathildidae Dall 1889
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G. †Angulathilda Gründel and Nützel 2013
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Angulathilda bathoniensis Grundel 1997
Angulathilda binaria Hebert and Eudes-Deslongchamps 1860
Angulathilda calloviensis Grundel 1997
Angulathilda microstriata Schroder 1995
Angulathilda procera Grundel 2006
Angulathilda saulae Kaim 2004
Angulathilda squiresi Kaim 2004
G. †Bathraspira Cossmann 1906
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Bathraspira tectum d'Orbigny 1843
G. †Carinathilda Gründel 1997
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Carinathilda bandeli Kiel 2006
Carinathilda calteriana Grundel 1997
Carinathilda carinata Grundel 1997
Carinathilda dieneri Schulbert and Nützel 2013
Carinathilda kieli Kaim 2004
Carinathilda tectispira Schröder 1995
Carinathilda textilis Nützel and Senowbari-Daryan 1999
G. †Echinimathilda Sohl 1960
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Echinimathilda querna Squires and Saul 2003
G. †Eomathilda Finlay and Marwick 1937
G. †Erratothilda Gründel 1997
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Erratothilda dziki Kaim 2004
Erratothilda erratica Grundel 1990
Erratothilda wascherae Grundel 2006
G. †Fimbriatella Sacco 1895
G. †Franconicilda Schulbert and Nützel 2013
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Franconicilda juliae Schulbert and Nützel 2013
G. Gegania Jeffreys 1884
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Gegania mississippiensis Dockery 1993
Gegania vibrayeana d'Orbigny 1843
Tuba bella Conrad
Tuba manzaneti Stephenson
Invalid names: Tubena Marwick 1943 [synonym]
G. †Gymnothilda Schröder 1995
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Gymnothilda dispiralis Grundel 1997
Gymnothilda levata Schroder 1995
Gymnothilda reesi Kaim 2004
Gymnothilda tomaszina Schroder 1995
Gymnothilda torallolensis Kiel and Bandel 2001
G. †Jurilda Grundel 1973
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Jurilda concava Walther 1951
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Invalid names: Mathilda (Jurilda) crasova Grundel 1973 [synonym]
Jurilda conoidea Grundel 1997
Jurilda naricata Grundel 1997
Jurilda pommerana Grundel 1997
Jurilda wonwalensis Schroder 1995
Jurilda zapfi Schulbert et al. 2013
G. †Kaitangata Finlay and Marwick 1937
G. †Lemniscolittorina Sohl 1960
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G. Mathilda Semper 1865
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Subg. Mathilda (Brookesena) Finlay 1926
Subg. †Mathilda (Echinimathilda) Sohl 1960
Subg. †Mathilda (Fimbricatella) Ravn 1939
Subg. Mathilda (Mathilda) Semper 1865
Subg. Mathilda (Opimilda) Iredale 1929
Subg. †Mathilda (Tricarilda) Grundel 1973
Mathilda ahmadi Abbass 1962
Mathilda amundseni Marincovich, Jr. 1993
Mathilda angulata Grundel 1997
Mathilda cedarensis Stephenson 1941
Mathilda coxi Abbass 1962
Mathilda lemchei Ravn 1939
Mathilda makowskii Kaim 2004
Mathilda mazoviensis Kaim 2004
Mathilda pentalira Dockery 1993
Mathilda podlasiensis Kaim 2004
Mathilda pseudopalina Grundel 2007
Mathilda quadricostata Gründel et al. 2012
Mathilda regularis Meyer 1886
Mathilda reticulata Jamnicenko 1987
Mathilda ripleyana Wade 1926
Mathilda schmidti Walther 1951
Mathilda umpquaensis Turner 1938
Mathilda valanginiana Kaim 2004
G. †Protuba Cossmann 1912
G. †Scalituba Cossmann 1906
G. †Siphonilda Nützel and Erwin 2004
G. †Spironema Meek 1876
G. †Tangarilda Gründel 2010
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Tangarilda subturritella d'Orbigny 1850
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Invalid names: Melania turritella Dunker 1851 [replaced]
G. †Toulminella Bieler and Dockery III 2007
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Toulminella alabamensis Aldrich 1886
G. †Tricarilda Grundel 1973
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Tricarilda krumbecki Kuhn 1935
Tricarilda plana Grundel 1973
Tricarilda striatissima Grundel 1999
Tricarilda tareka Grundel 1997
Tricarilda toddi Gründel et al. 2011
G. †Tuba Lea 1823
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Subg. †Tuba (Protuba) Cossmann 1912
Tuba peruviana Olsson 1930
Tuba seriaformis Schröder 1995
G. †Veterator Laws 1944
Fm. †Schartiidae Nuetzel and Kaim 2014
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G. †Racheliella Nuetzel 2018
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Racheliella mersai Kittl 1894
Fm. Tofanellidae Bandel 1995
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G. †Camponaxis Sepkoski 2002
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Camponaxis beneckei Kittl 1894
Camponaxis costigera Grundel 2003
Camponaxis lateplicata Klipstein 1843
Camponaxis ponderi Kiel and Bandel 2003
Camponaxis raffi Nyborg et al. 2023
Camponaxis zardiniensis Bandel et al. 2000
G. †Conusella Grundel 1999
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Conusella conica Grundel 1999
Conusella convexa Schulbert and Nützel 2013
Conusella pacifica Bandel et al. 2000
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Subg. †Cristalloella (Cristalloella) Bandel 1995
Subg. †Cristalloella (Wonwalica) Schröder 1995
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Graphis herrigi Grundel 1999
Graphis peruviana Chira et al. 2017
Graphis rotundata Grundel 1998
Graphis sinecostata Grundel 2007
Graphis weissi Grundel 1999
Invalid names: Rotfanella Gründel 1998 [synonym]
G. †Neodonaldina Bandel 1996
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Neodonaldina ampezzana Bandel 1996
Neodonaldina carixiana Grundel 2007
Neodonaldina elongata Zardini 1978
Neodonaldina sinuata Gründel and Nützel 1998
Neodonaldina sterpa Grundel 2006
G. †Reinbergia Gründel 2007
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Reinbergia inflata Grundel 2007
Subfm. †Schartiinae Nützel and Kaim 2014
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G. †Schartia Nützel and Kaim 2014
G. †Tofanella Bandel 1995
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Tofanella cancellata Bandel 1995
Tofanella decussata Münster 1841
Tofanella octoangulata Grundel 2006
G. †Urlocella Gründel 1998
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Urlocella minuera Grundel 1998
G. †Usedomella Gründel 1998
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Usedomella laevigatoidea Grundel 2003
Usedomella lata Grundel 1998
Usedomella magnoconcha Grundel 1998
Usedomella schroederi Grundel 1998
Usedomella winkleri Grundel 1999
Fm. †Trachoecidae Bandel 1994
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G. †Trachoecus Kittl 1894
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Trachoecus gemmellaroi Kittl 1894
Fm. †Xylodisculidae Warén 1992
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G. †Xylodiscula Marshall 1988
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Xylodiscula okutanii Kiel and Goedert 2007
Xylodiscula vitrea Marshall 1988
Invalid names: Ampezzanildidae Bandel 1995 [empty]
G. †Anomalorbis Paul 1991
G. †Palaeoalvania Yoo 1994
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Fm. †Stuoraxidae Bandel 1994
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G. †Monimirus Mazaev 2019
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Monimirus bonus Mazaev 2019
G. †Stuoraxis Bandel 1996
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Stuoraxis minutus Pan and Erwin 2002
Stuoraxis wareni Kaim 2004
Invalid names: Heterobranchia Gray 1840 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitec
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: epifaunalc
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2004-02-29 11:40:59
Modified: 2010-02-11 01:35:02
Source: c = class
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Cautleyan to the top of the Holocene or 449.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 445.6 Ma

Collections (4506 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cautleyan - Rawtheyan449.5 - 445.6United Kingdom (Wales) Donaldina sp. (8389)
Pridoli423.0 - 419.2United Kingdom (England) Anaspidea indet. (26917)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Saudi Arabia Valvata sp. (80262)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7United Kingdom (England) Murchisonia margarita (154672)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Turridina sp. (101680)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Turridina margarita, Donaldina gigantea (38358)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2USA (Arizona) Donaldina sp. (6864 6866 6877)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Australia (Western Australia) Planorbis sp. (39059)
Middle Frasnian382.4 - 379.5France (Alsace) Clionidae sp. (65766)
Tournaisian358.9 - 346.7Australia (New South Wales) Donaldina filosa (44158 44159 44161) Donaldina minutissima, Donaldina filosa (44080) Donaldina minutissima, Donaldina filosa, Palaeoalvania talenti (44088)
Carboniferous358.9 - 298.9USA (Oklahoma) Donaldina sp. (117 157)
Carboniferous358.9 - 298.9USA (Kansas) Donaldina sp. (113)
Visean346.7 - 330.9Australia (New South Wales) Streptacis sp., Donaldina sp. (44144)
Meramecian345.0 - 336.0USA (Virginia) Donaldina sp. (7001)
Holkerian - Asbian342.8 - 336.0United Kingdom Consobrinella sp. (185554)
Chesterian - Brigantian339.4 - 326.4USA (Ohio) Donaldina pygmaea (85368)
Chesterian339.4 - 318.1USA (Illinois) Donaldina marigoldensis (58997) Donaldina marigoldensis, Donaldina americana (58998 59826) Ptychomphalus fountainensis, Solenospira pygmaea (68188)
Chesterian339.4 - 318.1USA (Kentucky) Donaldina zadoe (59823)
Brigantian336.0 - 326.4United Kingdom (Scotland) Aclisina pulchra (6338 6342 6343 6344 6349 6361 6363 6364 6365 6366 6368 6372 6382 6391 6393 6394 6395 6396 6397 6398 6399 6400 6402 6403 6405 6406 6408 6409 6410 6412 6414 6416 6419 6421 6423 6428 6430 6433 6437 6440)
Brigantian336.0 - 326.4United Kingdom (England) Donaldina nana, Donaldina pulchra, Donaldina costatula, Donaldina quadrata (57131)