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Colubroidea

Reptilia

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1811Colubroidea Oppel
1871Colubroidea Cope p. 238
1875Colubroidea Cope p. 22
1966Colubroidea Kuhn p. 65
1988Colubroidea Carroll
2002Colubroidea Wilcox et al.
2008Colubroidea Rage et al. p. 394
2012Colubroidea Fernicola and Albino
2012Colubroidea Longrich et al.
2013Colubroidea Smith p. 172
2016Colubroidea Ikeda et al. p. 145

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
Squamata()
suborderOphidia(Latreille 1804)
Serpentes(Linnaeus 1758)
infraorderAlethinophidia
superfamilyColubroidea
superfamilyColubroidea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Colubroidea Oppel 1811
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Fm. Crotalidae Oppel 1811 [pit viper]
+
G. †Agkistrodon Huxley 1865 [cottonmouth]
+
Agkistrodon piscivorous Lacépède
G. Aploaspis Cope 1867
G. Caudisonia Laurenti 1768
G. Crotalus Linnaeus 1758 [rattlesnake]
+
Crotalus adamanteus Palisot de Beauvois 1799 [eastern diamondback rattlesnake]
Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard 1853
Crotalus horridus Linnaeus 1758 [timber rattlesnake]
Crotalus lepidus Kennicott 1861 [rock rattlesnake]
Crotalus potterensis Brattstrom 1953
Crotalus viridis Rafinesque 1818 [prairie rattlesnake]
G. Gloydius Hoge and Hoge 1981
G. †Protagras Cope 1872
G. Protobothrops Hoge and Romano-Hoge 1983
G. Sistrurus Garman 1883 [pigmy rattlesnake]
G. Trimeresurus Lacépède 1804 [pitviper]
Subfm. Viperinae Oppel 1811
+
G. Bitis Gray 1842 [puff adder]
+
Invalid names: Clotho Gray 1842 [synonym]
G. Vipera Laurenti 1768
+
Subg. Vipera (Daboia) Gray 1842 [oriental viper]
Subg. †Vipera (Macrovipera) Reuss 1927
+
Macrovipera gedulyi Bolkay 1913
Vipera (Macrovipera) sarmatica Chkhikvadse and Lungu 1987
Subg. Vipera (Pelias) Merrem 1820
+
Vipera (Pelias) berus Linnaeus 1758 [common adder]
Subg. Vipera (Vipera) Laurenti 1768
+
Vipera (Vipera) ammodytes Linnaeus 1758 [sand viper]
Vipera (Vipera) aspis Linnaeus 1758 [asp viper]
Vipera (Vipera) meotica Zerova 1992
Vipera antiqua Szyndlar 1987
Vipera burgenlandica Bachmayer and Szyndlar 1987
Vipera gedulyi Bolkay 1913
Vipera latastei Boscà 1878
Vipera maghrebiana Rage 1976
Vipera maxima Szyndlar 1988
Vipera natiensis Bailon et al. 2002
Vipera platyspondyla Szyndlar 1987
Invalid names: Coluber kargii von Meyer 1845 [nomen dubium]
Fm. Elapidae Boié 1827
+
G. Austrelaps Worrell 1963
+
Austrelaps superbus Günther 1858 [copperhead snake]
G. Calliophis Gray 1834
G. Chitulia Gray 1849
+
Invalid names: Aturia Gray 1842 [replaced]
G. Disteira Lacepede 1804
G. Disteiramecdup Lacepede 1804
G. Elaps Schneider
Subfm. Hydrophiinae Boié 1827 [sea snake]
+
G. Acalyptophis Boulenger 1896
+
Acalyptophis peronii Duméril 1853
G. Aipysurus Lacepède 1804
+
Aipysurus duboisii Bavay 1869
Aipysurus fuscus Tschudi 1837
Aipysurus laevis Lacepède 1804
Aipysurus tenuis Lønnberg and Andersson 1913
G. Astrotia Fischer 1856
+
G. Emydocephalus Krefft 1869
+
G. Enhydrina Gray 1849
+
Enhydrina schistosa Daudin 1803
Enhydrina zweifeli Kharin 1985
G. Ephalophis Smith 1931
+
Ephalophis greyi Smith 1931
G. Hydrelaps Boulenger 1896
+
Hydrelaps darwiniensis Boulenger 1896
G. Hydrophis Latreille 1801
+
Hydrophis atriceps Günther 1864
Hydrophis brookii Günther 1872
Hydrophis fasciatus Schneider 1799
Hydrophis kingii Boulenger 1896
Hydrophis klossi Boulenger 1912
Hydrophis laboutei Rasmussen and Ineich 2000
Hydrophis lamberti Smith 1917
Hydrophis major Shaw 1802
Hydrophis melanosoma Günther 1864
Hydrophis pacificus Boulenger 1869
Hydrophis semperi Garman 1881
Hydrophis torquatus Günther 1864
Hydrophis vorisi Kharin 1984
G. †Incongruelaps Scanlon et al. 2003
+
Incongruelaps iteratus Scanlon et al. 2003
G. Kerilia Gray 1849
+
Kerilia jerdoni Gray 1849
G. Kolpophis Smith 1926
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Kolpophis annandalei Laidlaw 1901
G. Lapemis Gray 1835
+
Lapemis curtus Shaw 1802
G. Laticauda Laurenti 1768
+
Laticauda colubrinus Schneider 1799
Laticauda crockeri Slevin 1934
Laticauda laticauda Linnaeus 1758
Laticauda semifasciatus Reinwardt 1837
G. Parahydrophis Burger and Natsuno 1974
+
G. Pelamis Plumier 1801
+
Pelamis platurus Linnaeus 1766
G. Thalassophina Smith 1926
+
G. Thalassophis Schmidt 1852
+
Thalassophis anomalus Schmidt 1852
G. Leioselasma Lacepède 1804
+
Leioselasma coggeri Kharin 1984
G. Micrurus Wagler 1824 [coral snake]
+
Micrurus gallicus Rage and Holman 1984
G. Naja Laurenti 1768 [cobra]
+
Naja antiqua Rage 1976
Naja austriaca Bachmayer and Szyndlar 1985
Naja iberica Szyndlar 1985
Naja naja Linneaus 1758 [Indian cobra]
Naja romani Hoffstetter 1939
Invalid names: Palaeonaja Hoffstetter 1939 [synonym], Palaeonaja Hoffstetter 1939 [synonym]
G. Notechis Peters 1861
G. Polyodontognathus Wall 1921
G. Pseudechis Wagler 1830
+
Pseudechis porphyriacus Shaw 1794 [Australian black snake]
G. Sinomicrurus Slowinski et al. 2001
+
Sinomicrurus japonicus Günther 1868
G. Xenodermus Reinhardt 1836
Invalid names: Laticaudinae [empty], Najinae Cope 1864 [empty], Protropidonotus Schlosser 1916 [nomen dubium], Protropidonotus neglectus Schlosser 1916 [nomen dubium]
G. †Headonophis Holman 1993
+
Headonophis harrisoni Holman 1993
Fm. †Lamprophiidae Fitzinger 1843
+
Invalid names: Lamprophiinae Fitzinger 1843 [empty]
G. †Procerophis Rage et al. 2008
+
Procerophis sahnii Rage et al. 2008
G. †Vectophis Rage and Ford 1980
+
Vectophis wardi Rage and Ford 1980
Fm. Viperidae Oppel 1811 [viper]
+
G. Bothrops Wagler 1824 [pit viper]
G. †Laophis Owen 1857
+
Laophis crotaloides Owen 1857
Invalid names: Provipera Kinkelin 1892 [nomen dubium], Provipera boettgeri Kinkelin 1892 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Rhabdosomidae Cope 1871 [empty], Russellopheidae Rage 1978 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 3 kgf
Minimum body mass: 300 gf
Environment: terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:15:35
Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Carroll 1988, Behler and King 1979, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Campanian to the top of the Holocene or 83.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma

Collections (370 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Sudan Colubroidea indet. (28491)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8India (Gujarat) Procerophis sahnii (55494 180565)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.3Algeria (Bechar region) Colubroidea indet. (77014)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6United Kingdom (England) Elapidae indet. (38947)
MP 1055.8 - 48.6France (Picardie) Colubroidea indet. (68440)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0India (Gujarat) Colubroidea indet. (48075)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Russellopheidae indet. (12840)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Myanmar Colubroidea indet. (41456)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0Namibia (Sperrgebiet) Colubroidea indet. (65159)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Egypt Procerophis sp. (67706)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Vectophis wardi (39299) Vectophis wardi, Headonophis harrisoni (39236)
MP 17A - MP 17B37.2 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Vectophis wardi (28747)
Whitneyan33.3 - 30.8USA (Florida) Colubroidea indet. (17341)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Tanzania C. morphotype A, C. morphotype B, C. morphotype C, Colubroidea indet., Elapidae morphotype A (99405)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Tanzania (Mbeya) C. morphotype B, Colubroidea indet. (167429 167432) C. morphotype B, Colubroidea indet., Elapidae morphotype B, Lamprophiinae indet. (167427)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Peru (Loreto) Colubroidea indet. (176130)
MP 3028.4 - 23.03Germany (Bavaria) Viperidae indet. (84364)
Harrisonian24.8 - 20.43USA (Nebraska) Viperidae indet. (17802)
MN 123.03 - 22.4Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) Vipera antiqua (69617)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44France (Auvergne) Vipera sp. (125333)