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Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Taxonomy
Boidae was named by Gray (1825). It is extant. It was considered paraphyletic by Vidal and Hedges (2002).
It was assigned to Peropoda by Cope (1871) and Cope (1875); to Ophidia by Zittel (1890); to Ophidia by Gadow (1898), Andrews (1906) and Perrier (1928); to Boaeformia by Kuhn (1946); to Serpentes by Hay (1930) and McGrew et al. (1959); to Booidea by Kuhn (1966); to Alethinophidia by Szyndlar (1987); to Serpentes by Hay (1902) and Frank and Ramus (1996); to Henophidia by Vidal and Hedges (2002); to Alethinophidia by Augé and Rage (2006); and to Booidea by Estes and Berberian (1970), Holman and Case (1988), Carroll (1988), Scanlon and Lee (2000), Albino and Carlini (2008), Rage et al. (2008) and Smith (2013).
It was assigned to Peropoda by Cope (1871) and Cope (1875); to Ophidia by Zittel (1890); to Ophidia by Gadow (1898), Andrews (1906) and Perrier (1928); to Boaeformia by Kuhn (1946); to Serpentes by Hay (1930) and McGrew et al. (1959); to Booidea by Kuhn (1966); to Alethinophidia by Szyndlar (1987); to Serpentes by Hay (1902) and Frank and Ramus (1996); to Henophidia by Vidal and Hedges (2002); to Alethinophidia by Augé and Rage (2006); and to Booidea by Estes and Berberian (1970), Holman and Case (1988), Carroll (1988), Scanlon and Lee (2000), Albino and Carlini (2008), Rage et al. (2008) and Smith (2013).
Subtaxa
Boinae, Cadurcoboa, Candoia, Charina, Chilabothrus, Daunophis, Dawsonophis, Erycinae, Eunectes, Hechtophis, Lithophis, Messelophis, Neurodromicus, Palaeopython, Paleryx, Paraplatyspondylia, Plesiotortrix, Python, Rageophis (syn. Scytalophis), Rieppelophis, Totlandophis, Tropidophiinae, Tropidophis, Ungaliophiinae
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1825 | Boidae Gray |
1871 | Boidae Cope p. 238 |
1875 | Boidae Cope p. 22 |
1880 | Scytalophis de Rochebrune |
1890 | Boaeidae Zittel p. 629 |
1898 | Boidae Gadow p. 28 |
1902 | Boidae Hay p. 479 |
1906 | Boidae Andrews p. 306 |
1928 | Boidae Perrier p. 3102 |
1930 | Boidae Hay p. 267 |
1946 | Boidae Kuhn p. 62 |
1959 | Boidae McGrew et al. p. 141 |
1966 | Boidae Kuhn p. 62 |
1970 | Boidae Estes and Berberian p. 6 |
1986 | Rageophis Wallach |
1986 | Rageophis lafonti Wallach |
1987 | Boidae Szyndlar p. 56 |
1988 | Boidae Carroll |
1988 | Boidae Holman and Case p. 329 |
1996 | Boidae Frank and Ramus |
2000 | Boidae Scanlon and Lee p. 417 |
2002 | Boidae Vidal and Hedges p. 983 |
2006 | Boidae Augé and Rage p. 247 |
2008 | Boidae Albino and Carlini |
2008 | Boidae Rage et al. p. 394 |
2013 | Boidae Smith p. 161 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Boidae Gray 1825 [boa]
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Subfm. Boinae Gray 1825
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G. Acrantophis Jan 1860 [boa]
G. †Bavarioboa Szyndlar and Schleich 1993
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†Bavarioboa bachensis Szyndlar and Rage 2003
†Bavarioboa crocheti Szyndlar and Rage 2003
†Bavarioboa hermi Szyndlar and Schleich 1993
†Bavarioboa herrlingensis Szyndlar and Rage 2003
†Bavarioboa minuta Szyndlar and Rage 2003
†Bavarioboa ultima Szyndlar and Rage 2003
†Bavarioboa vaylatsae Szyndlar and Rage 2003
G. Boa Linnaeus 1758
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†Boa blanchardensis Bochaton and Bailon 2018
Invalid names: Pseudoepicrates Auffenberg 1963 [synonym]
G. Epicrates Wagler 1830 [rainbow boa]
G. †Waincophis Albino 1987
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†Waincophis australis Albino 1987
†Waincophis cameratus Rage 2001
†Waincophis pressulus Rage 2001
G. Candoia Gray 1842
G. Charina Gray 1849
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Charina bottae Blainville 1835 [northern rubber boa]
†Charina prebottae Brattstrom 1958
G. †Daunophis Swinton 1926
G. †Dawsonophis Holman 1979
Subfm. Erycinae Bonaparte 1825 [sand boa]
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G. †Cadurceryx Hoffstetter and Rage 1972
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†Cadurceryx filholi Hoffstetter and Rage 1972
†Cadurceryx pearchi Holman et al. 2006
G. †Geringophis Holman 1976
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†Geringophis depressus Holman 1976
†Geringophis robustus Holman and Harrison 2001
†Geringophis vetus Holman 1982
†Geringophis yatkolae Holman 1977
†Geringophis yatkolai Holman 1977
G. Gongylophis Wagler 1830
G. †Palaeopython Rochebrune 1880
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†Palaeopython cadurcensis Filhol 1877
†Palaeopython filholi de Rochebrune 1880
†Palaeopython helveticus Georgalis and Scheyer 2019
†Palaeopython neglectus de Rochebrune 1884
Invalid names: Palaeopython sardus Portis 1901 [nomen dubium]
G. †Paleryx Owen 1850
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†Paleryx cayluxi De Stefano 1905
†Paleryx depressus Owen 1849
†Paleryx rhombifer Owen 1849
G. Python Daudin 1803
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†Python cadurcensis Filhol 1877
†Python euboicus Roemer 1870
†Python maurus Rage 1976
Python regius Shaw 1802 [Ball python]
Python sebae Gmelin 1789 [rock python]
G. †Totlandophis Holman and Harrison 1998
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†Totlandophis americanus Holman and Harrison 2001
†Totlandophis thomasae Holman and Harrison 1998
Subfm. Tropidophiinae Cope 1894
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G. †Falseryx Szyndlar and Rage 2003
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†Falseryx neervelpensis Szyndlar et al. 2008
†Falseryx petersbuchi Szyndlar and Rage 2003
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Invalid names: Bransateryx septentrionalis Szyndlar 1987 [replaced]
G. †Rottophis Szyndlar and Böhme 1996
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†Rottophis atavus von Meyer 1855
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Invalid names: Coluber papyraceus Fischer 1857 [objective synonym], Morelia papyracea Troschel 1858 [synonym]
Subfm. Ungaliophiinae McDowell 1987 [dwarf boa]
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G. †Calamagras Cope 1873
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†Calamagras angulatus Cope 1873
†Calamagras floridanus Auffenberg 1963
†Calamagras gallicus Rage 1977
†Calamagras platyspondyla Holman 1976
†Calamagras primus Hecht 1959
†Calamagras talpivorus Cope 1873
†Calamagras turkestanicus Danilov and Averianov 1999
†Calamagras weigeli Holman 1972
Invalid names: Aphelophis Cope 1873 [synonym]
G. Ungaliophis Müller 1882
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Ungaliophis continentalis Müller 1882
Ungaliophis panamensis Schmidt 1933
Invalid names: Rageophis Wallach 1986 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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E. Perrier 1928 | Serpents de très grande taille. Tête allongée, présentant un cou plus ou moins marqué, recouverte tantôt d'écailles, tantôt d'écussons; écailles dorsales petites, hexagonales, écailles ventrales en forme de lames transverses, toujours unisériées sur le corps bisériées ou unisériées sur la queue; queue courte, des rudiments de membres faisant saillie au dehors sous forme d'éperons cornés de part et d'autre de l'anus. Des dents sur les deux mâchoires, sur les ptérygoïdiens et les palatins. Un os coronoïde terminant une saillie fie l'articulaire de la mandibule. Squamosal grand, se projetant en arrière et donnant insertion au carré. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: subf = subfamily, f = family, superf = superfamily, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Greene 1997, Behler and King 1979, Carroll 1988 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Holocene or 72.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 70.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 70.6 Ma
Collections (331 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | Boidae indet. (74660) | |
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Argentina (Mendoza) | Boidae indet. (185024) | |
Maastrichtian | Madagascar (Mahajanga) | Boidae indet. (199757) | |
Lancian | USA (Wyoming) | Boidae indet. (14505) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Erycinae indet. (13142) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | India (Maharashtra) | Boidae indet., Serpentes indet. (58102) | |
Danian | Bolivia (Mizque) | Boidae sp. 1, Boidae sp. 2, Boidae sp. 3 (13501) Boidae unnamed taxon 1, Boidae unnamed taxon 2 (49076) | |
Danian | Bolivia | Boidae indet. (49077) | |
Middle Paleocene - Late/Upper Paleocene | Colombia (Guajira) | Titanoboa cerrejonensis (106271) | |
Selandian | Germany (Saxony-Anhalt) | Boidae indet. (74643) | |
Thanetian | Morocco (Meknès-Tafilalet) | Boidae indet. (88301) | |
Thanetian | USA (New Jersey) | Cheilophis huerfanoensis (3113 124965) | |
Thanetian | Togo (Maritime) | Aphelopsis sp. (167948) | |
Late/Upper Paleocene | France (Oise) | Boidae indet. (166598) | |
Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene | Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) | Boidae indet., Boinae sp. A , Boinae sp. B , Waincophis sp., Hechtophis sp., Hechtophis austrinus, Corallus sp., Corallus priscus, Waincophis pressulus, Waincophis cameratus, Paraungaliophis pricei (48091) | |
Ypresian | France (Aude) | Boidae Forme A, Boidae Forme B (182641) | |
Ypresian | India (Gujarat) | Boidae indet. (55494 180565) | |
Ypresian | France (Champagne-Ardenne) | Calamagras gallicus (28546) | |
Ypresian | Kyrgyzstan (Osh) | Boidae indet., Calamagras turkestanicus (28490) | |
Ypresian | France (Oise) | Boidae indet. (68174) |