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Hesperornithiformes
Taxonomy
Hesperornithiformes was named by Fürbringer (1888) [also attributed to Sharpe 1899]. It is not extant.
It was assigned to Odontoholcae by Martin and Tate (1976) and Martin (1984); to Coelurosauria by Gauthier et al. (1989); to Ornithurae by Chatterjee (1991); to Odontornithes by Kurochkin (2000); to Odontognathae by Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Wetmore (1960), Carroll (1988) and Elzanowski et al. (2001); to Aves by Sepkoski (2002); to Odontoholomorphae by Livezey and Zusi (2007); and to Ornithurae by Chiappe and Calvo (1994), Padian (2004), Clarke et al. (2005), Martin and Cordes-Person (2007) and Wang et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Odontoholcae by Martin and Tate (1976) and Martin (1984); to Coelurosauria by Gauthier et al. (1989); to Ornithurae by Chatterjee (1991); to Odontornithes by Kurochkin (2000); to Odontognathae by Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Wetmore (1960), Carroll (1988) and Elzanowski et al. (2001); to Aves by Sepkoski (2002); to Odontoholomorphae by Livezey and Zusi (2007); and to Ornithurae by Chiappe and Calvo (1994), Padian (2004), Clarke et al. (2005), Martin and Cordes-Person (2007) and Wang et al. (2014).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1888 | Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer |
1940 | Hesperornithiformes Wetmore p. 3 |
1956 | Hesperornithiformes Wetmore p. 4 |
1960 | Hesperornithiformes Wetmore p. 23 |
1976 | Hesperornithiformes Martin and Tate, Jr. p. 36 |
1984 | Hesperornithiformes Martin p. 146 |
1988 | Hesperornithiformes Carroll |
1989 | Hesperornithiformes Gauthier et al. p. 348 |
1991 | Hesperornithiformes Chatterjee p. 328 |
1994 | Hesperornithiformes Chiappe and Calvo p. 239 fig. 1 |
2000 | Hesperornithiformes Kurochkin p. 544 |
2001 | Hesperornithiformes Elzanowski et al. p. 712 |
2002 | Hesperornithiformes Sepkoski |
2004 | Hesperornithiformes Padian p. 213 |
2005 | Hesperornithiformes Clarke et al. p. 307 |
2007 | Hesperornithiformes Livezey and Zusi p. 89 |
2007 | Hesperornithiformes Martin and Cordes-Person p. 229 |
2014 | Hesperornithiformes Wang et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. †Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer 1888
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Fm. †Baptornithidae American Ornithologists' Union 1910
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G. †Baptornis Marsh 1877
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†Baptornis advenus Marsh 1877
Invalid names: Parascaniornis Lambrecht 1933 [synonym], Parascaniornis stensioei Lambrecht 1933 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Brodavidae Martin et al. 2012
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G. †Brodavis Martin et al. 2012
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†Brodavis americanus Martin et al. 2012
†Brodavis baileyi Martin et al. 2012
†Brodavis mongoliensis Martin et al. 2012
†Brodavis varneri Martin and Cordes-Person 2007
G. †Enaliornis Seeley 1876
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†Enaliornis barretti Seeley 1876
†Enaliornis sedgwicki Seeley 1869
†Enaliornis seeleyi Galton and Martin 2002
†Enaliornis segdwicki Seeley 1869
Invalid names: Pelagornis Seeley 1866 [replaced]
Unr. †Hesperornithidae Marsh 1872
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G. †Asiahesperornis Nessov and Prizemlin 1991
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†Asiahesperornis bazhanovi Nessov and Prizemlin 1991
G. †Hesperornis Marsh 1872
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†Hesperornis altus Marsh 1893
†Hesperornis bairdi Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis chowi Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis crassipes Marsh 1876
†Hesperornis gracilis Marsh 1876
†Hesperornis lumgairi Aotsuka and Sato 2016
†Hesperornis macdonaldi Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis mengeli Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis montanus Shufeldt 1915
†Hesperornis regalis Marsh 1872
†Hesperornis rossicus Nessov and Yarkov 1993
Invalid names: Coniornis Marsh 1893 [synonym], Hargeria Lucas 1903 [synonym], Lestornis Marsh 1876 [synonym]
Invalid names: Asiahesperornithinae Nessov and Prizemlin 1991 [empty]
G. †Pasquiaornis Tokaryk et al. 1997
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†Pasquiaornis hardiei Tokaryk et al. 1997
†Pasquiaornis tankei Tokaryk et al. 1997
Invalid names: Enaliornithidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
References: Benton 1983, Bush and Bambach 2015, Marsh 1875 |
Age range: base of the Berriasian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 145.00000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (87 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Berriasian | Romania (Judetul Bihor) | Hesperornithiformes indet. (13335) | |
Late/Upper Albian | United Kingdom (England) | Pelagornis barretti, Enaliornis sedgwicki (85289) | |
Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Kansas) | Hesperornis gracilis (156590) Lestornis crassipes (156589) | |
Middle Cenomanian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Hesperornithiformes indet. (22731) Pasquiaornis hardiei, Pasquiaornis tankei, Aves indet. (52997) | |
Middle Cenomanian | USA (Kansas) | Baptornithidae indet. (94538) | |
Turonian | USA (South Dakota) | Hesperornithiformes indet. (181902) | |
Coniacian | USA (Kansas) | Baptornis advenus (85282) | |
Coniacian - Santonian | Japan | Chupkaornis keraorum (193939) | |
Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Baptornis advenus (85278) | |
Coniacian - Campanian | USA (Alaska) | Hesperornis sp. (123520) | |
Early/Lower Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Hesperornis sp. (13301) | |
Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Fumicollis hoffmani (174624) Parahesperornis alexi (85238) Parahesperornis sp. (132511) | |
Late/Upper Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Hesperornis regalis (85284) Parahesperornis sp. (132510) | |
Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | Hesperornis regalis (36710 36746) | |
Campanian | Canada (Nunavut) | Canadaga arctica (118940) Hesperornis sp. (36383) | |
Campanian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Hesperornis sp. (36384) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Montana) | Hesperornis montana (85283) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | Hesperornis sp. (39388) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Hesperornis sp., Hesperornis rossica (85286) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Hesperornis regalis (106330 106331 106332 106334 106341) Hesperornis sp. (106437) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Russian Federation (Saratov) | Hesperornis rossicus, Hesperornithiformes indet. (141001) Hesperornis sp. 2 (65036) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | Hesperornis regalis (193919 193921 193924) Hesperornis regalis, Hesperornis chowi (193927) Hesperornis regalis, Hesperornis chowi, Hesperornis macdonaldi (193925) Hesperornis regalis, Hesperornis lumgairi (193922) Hesperornis regalis, Hesperornis mengeli (193923) Hesperornis sp. (36446 193931 193933 193934 193935 193936 193937) Hesperornithiformes indet. (193938) Hesperornithiformes indet., Hesperornis regalis, Hesperornis chowi (193926) Hesperornithiformes indet., Hesperornis sp., Brodavis sp., Hesperornis chowi (193929) Hesperornithiformes indet., Hesperornis sp., Hesperornis regalis, Hesperornis macdonaldi (193920) Hesperornithiformes indet., Hesperornis sp., Hesperornithidae indet. (193932) Hesperornithiformes indet., Hesperornis sp., Hesperornithidae indet., Hesperornis macdonaldi (193930) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden | Baptornis sp., Hesperornis sp., Hesperornis rossicus, Parascaniornis stensioei (102883) | |
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | Hesperornithiformes indet., Hesperornis sp., Hesperornis rossicus, Hesperornithidae indet., Hesperornis chowi (193928) | |
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | Hesperornis regalis (77316) Hesperornis sp. (107676) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Baptornis sp. (34302 34310 34311 34313) Hesperornithiformes indet. (227125) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Arkansas) | Hesperornis sp. (193918) | |
Middle Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Hesperornis regalis (36379) | |
Middle Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | Baptornis varneri (85236) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Baptornis sp. (75030) Hesperornithiformes indet., Baptornis sp. (229975) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Arkansas) | Hesperornis sp. (193917) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Montana) | Hesperornis sp. (50825) | |
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Hesperornis sp. (36445) | |
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Hesperornithiformes indet. (38075) | |
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Argentina (Río Negro) | Hesperornithiformes indet. (45087) | |
Maastrichtian | Kazakhstan (Qostanay) | Asiahesperornis bazhanovi (59383) | |
Maastrichtian | USA (South Dakota) | Brodavis baileyi (124207) | |
Maastrichtian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Brodavis mongoliensis (13108) | |
Maastrichtian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Hesperornithidae indet. (38078) | |
Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Hesperornithiformes indet. (45313) | |
Maastrichtian | Mongolia (Bayankhongor) | Judinornis nogontsavensis (127680) | |
Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Japan (Hyogo) | Hesperornithiformes indet. (176812) | |
Lancian | USA (Montana) | Hesperornis sp. (14580) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Brodavis americanus (123980) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Hesperornithiformes indet. (45099 45111 45144) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Canada (Nunavut) | Hesperornis sp. (118411) | |
Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Potamornis skutchi (14585) |