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Hesperornithiformes

Reptilia - Hesperornithiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1888Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer
1940Hesperornithiformes Wetmore p. 3
1956Hesperornithiformes Wetmore p. 4
1960Hesperornithiformes Wetmore p. 23
1976Hesperornithiformes Martin and Tate, Jr. p. 36
1984Hesperornithiformes Martin p. 146
1988Hesperornithiformes Carroll
1989Hesperornithiformes Gauthier et al. p. 348
1991Hesperornithiformes Chatterjee p. 328
1994Hesperornithiformes Chiappe and Calvo p. 239 fig. 1
2000Hesperornithiformes Kurochkin p. 544
2001Hesperornithiformes Elzanowski et al. p. 712
2002Hesperornithiformes Sepkoski
2004Hesperornithiformes Padian p. 213
2005Hesperornithiformes Clarke et al. p. 307
2007Hesperornithiformes Livezey and Zusi p. 89
2007Hesperornithiformes Martin and Cordes-Person p. 229
2014Hesperornithiformes Wang et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
RankNameAuthor
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
Maniraptora
Paraves
classAves
PygostyliaChiappe 2002
Ornithothoraces
OrnithuromorphaChiappe et al. 1999
subclassOrnithurae
orderHesperornithiformesFürbringer 1888
orderHesperornithiformesFürbringer 1888

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer 1888
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Fm. †Baptornithidae American Ornithologists' Union 1910
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G. †Baptornis Marsh 1877
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Baptornis advenus Marsh 1877
Invalid names: Parascaniornis Lambrecht 1933 [synonym], Parascaniornis stensioei Lambrecht 1933 [nomen dubium]
G. †Judinornis Nessov and Borkin 1983
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Judinornis nogontsavensis Nessov and Borkin 1983
Fm. †Brodavidae Martin et al. 2012
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G. †Brodavis Martin et al. 2012
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Brodavis americanus Martin et al. 2012
Brodavis baileyi Martin et al. 2012
Brodavis mongoliensis Martin et al. 2012
Brodavis varneri Martin and Cordes-Person 2007
G. †Chupkaornis Tanaka et al. 2018
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Chupkaornis keraorum Tanaka et al. 2018
G. †Enaliornis Seeley 1876
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Enaliornis barretti Seeley 1876
Enaliornis sedgwicki Seeley 1869
Enaliornis seeleyi Galton and Martin 2002
Enaliornis segdwicki Seeley 1869
Invalid names: Pelagornis Seeley 1866 [replaced]
G. †Fumicollis Bell and Chiappe 2015
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Fumicollis hoffmani Bell and Chiappe 2015
Unr. †Hesperornithidae Marsh 1872
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G. †Asiahesperornis Nessov and Prizemlin 1991
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Asiahesperornis bazhanovi Nessov and Prizemlin 1991
G. †Canadaga Hou 1999
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Canadaga arctica Hou 1999
G. †Hesperornis Marsh 1872
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Hesperornis altus Marsh 1893
Hesperornis bairdi Martin and Lim 2002
Hesperornis chowi Martin and Lim 2002
Hesperornis crassipes Marsh 1876
Hesperornis gracilis Marsh 1876
Hesperornis lumgairi Aotsuka and Sato 2016
Hesperornis macdonaldi Martin and Lim 2002
Hesperornis mengeli Martin and Lim 2002
Hesperornis montanus Shufeldt 1915
Hesperornis regalis Marsh 1872
Hesperornis rossicus Nessov and Yarkov 1993
Invalid names: Coniornis Marsh 1893 [synonym], Hargeria Lucas 1903 [synonym], Lestornis Marsh 1876 [synonym]
G. †Parahesperornis Martin 1984
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Parahesperornis alexi Martin 1984
Invalid names: Asiahesperornithinae Nessov and Prizemlin 1991 [empty]
G. †Pasquiaornis Tokaryk et al. 1997
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Pasquiaornis hardiei Tokaryk et al. 1997
Pasquiaornis tankei Tokaryk et al. 1997
G. †Potamornis Elzanowski et al. 2001
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Potamornis skutchi Elzanowski et al. 2001
Invalid names: Enaliornithidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2017-04-17 10:39:36
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:39:36
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Benton 1983, Bush and Bambach 2015, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Berriasian to the top of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian or 145.00000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (87 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Berriasian145.0 - 139.8Romania (Judetul Bihor) Hesperornithiformes indet. (13335)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6United Kingdom (England) Pelagornis barretti, Enaliornis sedgwicki (85289)
Late/Upper Cretaceous100.5 - 66.0USA (Kansas) Hesperornis gracilis (156590) Lestornis crassipes (156589)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Canada (Saskatchewan) Hesperornithiformes indet. (22731) Pasquiaornis hardiei, Pasquiaornis tankei, Aves indet. (52997)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USA (Kansas) Baptornithidae indet. (94538)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (South Dakota) Hesperornithiformes indet. (181902)
Coniacian89.8 - 86.3USA (Kansas) Baptornis advenus (85282)
Coniacian - Santonian89.8 - 83.6Japan Chupkaornis keraorum (193939)
Coniacian - Santonian89.8 - 83.6USA (Kansas) Baptornis advenus (85278)
Coniacian - Campanian89.8 - 72.1USA (Alaska) Hesperornis sp. (123520)
Early/Lower Coniacian - Santonian89.3 - 83.6USA (Kansas) Hesperornis sp. (13301)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian89.3 - 83.6USA (Kansas) Fumicollis hoffmani (174624) Parahesperornis alexi (85238) Parahesperornis sp. (132511)
Late/Upper Santonian85.8 - 83.5USA (Kansas) Hesperornis regalis (85284) Parahesperornis sp. (132510)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Canada (Manitoba) Hesperornis regalis (36710 36746)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Canada (Nunavut) Canadaga arctica (118940) Hesperornis sp. (36383)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1Canada (Northwest Territories) Hesperornis sp. (36384)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Montana) Hesperornis montana (85283)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (South Dakota) Hesperornis sp. (39388)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Russian Federation (Volgograd) Hesperornis sp., Hesperornis rossica (85286)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Northwest Territories) Hesperornis regalis (106330 106331 106332 106334 106341) Hesperornis sp. (106437)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Russian Federation (Saratov) Hesperornis rossicus, Hesperornithiformes indet. (141001) Hesperornis sp. 2 (65036)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Manitoba) Hesperornis regalis (193919 193921 193924) Hesperornis regalis, Hesperornis chowi (193927) Hesperornis regalis, Hesperornis chowi, Hesperornis macdonaldi (193925) Hesperornis regalis, Hesperornis lumgairi (193922) Hesperornis regalis, Hesperornis mengeli (193923) Hesperornis sp. (36446 193931 193933 193934 193935 193936 193937) Hesperornithiformes indet. (193938) Hesperornithiformes indet., Hesperornis regalis, Hesperornis chowi (193926) Hesperornithiformes indet., Hesperornis sp., Brodavis sp., Hesperornis chowi (193929) Hesperornithiformes indet., Hesperornis sp., Hesperornis regalis, Hesperornis macdonaldi (193920) Hesperornithiformes indet., Hesperornis sp., Hesperornithidae indet. (193932) Hesperornithiformes indet., Hesperornis sp., Hesperornithidae indet., Hesperornis macdonaldi (193930)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Sweden Baptornis sp., Hesperornis sp., Hesperornis rossicus, Parascaniornis stensioei (102883)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Manitoba) Hesperornithiformes indet., Hesperornis sp., Hesperornis rossicus, Hesperornithidae indet., Hesperornis chowi (193928)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (South Dakota) Hesperornis regalis (77316) Hesperornis sp. (107676)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) Baptornis sp. (34302 34310 34311 34313) Hesperornithiformes indet. (227125)
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Arkansas) Hesperornis sp. (193918)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) Hesperornis regalis (36379)
Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (South Dakota) Baptornis varneri (85236)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Saskatchewan) Baptornis sp. (75030) Hesperornithiformes indet., Baptornis sp. (229975)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Arkansas) Hesperornis sp. (193917)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Montana) Hesperornis sp. (50825)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Canada (Northwest Territories) Hesperornis sp. (36445)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Russian Federation (Volgograd) Hesperornithiformes indet. (38075)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Argentina (Río Negro) Hesperornithiformes indet. (45087)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Kazakhstan (Qostanay) Asiahesperornis bazhanovi (59383)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Brodavis baileyi (124207)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Mongolia (Omnogov) Brodavis mongoliensis (13108)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Russian Federation (Volgograd) Hesperornithidae indet. (38078)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Hesperornithiformes indet. (45313)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Mongolia (Bayankhongor) Judinornis nogontsavensis (127680)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Japan (Hyogo) Hesperornithiformes indet. (176812)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Hesperornis sp. (14580)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Brodavis americanus (123980)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Hesperornithiformes indet. (45099 45111 45144)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Nunavut) Hesperornis sp. (118411)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Potamornis skutchi (14585)