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Shonisaurus
Taxonomy
Shonisaurus was named by Camp (1976) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Carn Tr Nori Sepkoski's reference number: 746,1066]. It is not extant.
It was assigned to Merriamosauria by Maisch and Matzke (2000); to Ichthyosauria by Sepkoski (2002); to Shonisauridae by Maisch (2010); to Shastasauridae by Carroll (1988), Sander (2000), McGowan and Motani (2003), Nicholls and Manabe (2004) and Ji et al. (2013); and to Shastasaurinae by Motani (1999) and Ji et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Merriamosauria by Maisch and Matzke (2000); to Ichthyosauria by Sepkoski (2002); to Shonisauridae by Maisch (2010); to Shastasauridae by Carroll (1988), Sander (2000), McGowan and Motani (2003), Nicholls and Manabe (2004) and Ji et al. (2013); and to Shastasaurinae by Motani (1999) and Ji et al. (2016).
Species
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1976 | Shonisaurus Camp |
1976 | Shonisaurus mulleri Camp |
1976 | Shonisaurus silberlingi Camp |
1988 | Shonisaurus Carroll |
1993 | Shonisaurus silberlingi Mazin and Sander |
1999 | Shonisaurus Motani p. 480 |
2000 | Shonisaurus Maisch and Matzke pp. 69, 97 |
2000 | Shonisaurus Sander |
2002 | Shonisaurus Sepkoski |
2003 | Shonisaurus McGowan and Motani |
2004 | Shonisaurus Nicholls and Manabe p. 839 |
2010 | Shonisaurus Maisch |
2013 | Shonisaurus Ji et al. |
2016 | Shonisaurus Ji et al. p. 10 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Shonisaurus Camp 1976
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†Shonisaurus popularis Camp 1976
Invalid names: Shonisaurus mulleri Camp 1976 [nomen dubium], Shonisaurus silberlingi Camp 1976 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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R. Motani 1999 | Dorsal centra three times as high as long; very large, reaching 15 m in total length. | |
M. W. Maisch and A. T. Matzke 2000 | "Very large ichthyosaur, adult length exceeds 12 m, very long but robust snout, foramen parietale between frontal and parietal, coronoid very large, basioccipital with strongly convex condyle, fore- and hindfins essentially tridactyl, ulna very small in relation to radius, intermedium probably lost, scapula rather long and slender with reduced anterior and posterior extensions, thoracal and caudal vertebral centra very high, thoracals more that three times as high as long." | |
E. L. Nicholls and M. Manabe 2004 | "Extremely large shastasaurids, reaching 15–21 m in length; rib ends distally expanded into swollen knobs; teeth set in sockets, but present only in juveniles; dentition reduced or absent in adults." | |
C. Ji et al. 2016 | Over 15 m long in adult; radius and ulna contiguous shaft present; ulna remarkably longer than wide; radioulnar foramen present; fibular posterior flange present. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: o = order | |||||
Reference: Kiessling 2004 |