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Trinacromerum
Taxonomy
Trinacromerum was named by Cragin (1888) [Sepkoski's age data: K Albi Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. Its type is Trinacromerum bentonianum.
It was synonymized subjectively with Cimoliosaurus by Lydekker (1889); it was considered a nomen vanum by Welles (1962).
It was assigned to Elasmosauridae by Seeley (1892) and Hay (1902); to Pliosauridae by Carroll (1988); to Plesiosauria by Williston (1903), Williston (1906) and Sepkoski (2002); to Polycotylidae by Williston (1908), Hay (1930), White (1940), Gasparini and Goñi (1985), Carpenter (1996), Adams (1997), O'Keefe (2001), O'Keefe (2004), Schumacher and Everhart (2005) and Ketchum and Benson (2010); to Cryptocleidoidea by Otero et al. (2012); and to Polycotylinae by Albright et al. (2007) and Persons IV et al. (2022).
It was synonymized subjectively with Cimoliosaurus by Lydekker (1889); it was considered a nomen vanum by Welles (1962).
It was assigned to Elasmosauridae by Seeley (1892) and Hay (1902); to Pliosauridae by Carroll (1988); to Plesiosauria by Williston (1903), Williston (1906) and Sepkoski (2002); to Polycotylidae by Williston (1908), Hay (1930), White (1940), Gasparini and Goñi (1985), Carpenter (1996), Adams (1997), O'Keefe (2001), O'Keefe (2004), Schumacher and Everhart (2005) and Ketchum and Benson (2010); to Cryptocleidoidea by Otero et al. (2012); and to Polycotylinae by Albright et al. (2007) and Persons IV et al. (2022).
Species
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1888 | Trinacromerum Cragin |
| 1892 | Trinacromerum Seeley p. 151 |
| 1902 | Trinacromerum Hay p. 458 |
| 1903 | Trinacromerum Williston p. 11 |
| 1906 | Trinacromerum Williston p. 233 |
| 1908 | Trinacromerum Williston p. 735 |
| 1930 | Trinacromerum Hay p. 117 |
| 1940 | Trinacromerum White p. 465 |
| 1985 | Trinacromerum Gasparini and Goñi |
| 1988 | Trinacromerum Carroll |
| 1996 | Trinacromerum Carpenter p. 279 |
| 1997 | Trinacromerum Adams p. 183 |
| 2001 | Trinacromerum O'Keefe p. 19 fig. 20 |
| 2002 | Trinacromerum Sepkoski |
| 2004 | Trinacromerum O'Keefe p. 336 figs. Fig. 11 |
| 2005 | Trinacromerum Schumacher and Everhart p. 40 |
| 2007 | Trinacromerum Albright et al. p. 47 |
| 2010 | Trinacromerum Ketchum and Benson p. 15 |
| 2012 | Trinacromerum Otero et al. |
| 2022 | Trinacromerum Persons IV et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Trinacromerum Cragin 1888
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†Trinacromerum bentonianum Cragin 1888
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Invalid names: Ceraunosaurus brownorum Thurmond 1968 [synonym], Trinacromerum anonymum Williston 1903 [synonym], Trinacromerum willistoni Riggs 1944 [synonym]
†Trinacromerum kirki Russell 1935
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| K. Carpenter 1996 | Teeth robust, with coarse striae like Polycotylus latipinnis and unlike the slender teeth with fine striae of Dolichorhynchops osborni; temporal fenestra long and narrow, but short and wide in D. osborni; suspensorium inclined posteriorly, not vertical as in D. osborni; pterygoid plates extend posterorly well beyond the posterior interpterygoid fenestra; pterygoid process of quadrate longer than in D. osborni; 46 vertebrae (20 cervical, 3 pectorals, 23 dorsals), whereas D. osborni has 46 vertebrae (19 cervicals, 3 pectorals, 23-24 dorsals), and P. latipinnis has 54 presacral vertebrae (26 cervicals, 3 pectorals, 25 dorsals); centra without lateral and ventral constriction as in D. osborni and P. latipinnis |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Albian to the top of the Campanian or 105.30000 to 72.10000 Ma
Collections (18 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Albian | USA (Wyoming) | T. sp. (105789) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | USA (Utah) | Pliosauroidea indet. (5609) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | USA (Kansas) | T. willistoni (106182) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | USA (Texas) | Ceraunosaurus brownorum (90465) | |
| Middle Cenomanian - Middle Turonian | USA (Kansas) | T. bentonianum (117814) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian | USA (Kansas) | T. bentonianum (117806) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian | Canada (Manitoba) | T. kirki (102074) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian - Middle Turonian | USA (Kansas) | T. bentonianum (117807 117809 117811 117812) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (Kansas) | T. anonymum (117813 117815) T. bentonianum (117805 117808 117810) | |
| Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | Dolichorhynchops kirki (36746 36754) |